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The measured ionic transference number of 0.65 indicated substantial electronic conductivity.
The fracture surface microstructures for all samples are well-sintered and the grain boundary is obvious.
The grain size of (Bi1-xLax)2Al4O9 ceramics are uniform and estimated to be about 1–2μm.
Though La doping did not exhibit systematic influence on the grain size, the grain size still decreases slightly by La substitution.

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) in solid metals, with an aim to obtaining ultra-fine grained or even nano-structured materials, attracted great efforts all over the world.
Inlay gold characters on unearthed ancient steel swords recorded the number of processing repetitions.
Fig. 13 gives the number of publication on international SCI journals by chinese scientist on SPD.
With the increase of number of repetitive processing, steel quality was improved.
Lowe: Ultrafine Grained Materials III, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2004) [2] Jingtao Wang, Suk-Bong Kang, and Hyoung-Wook Kim, Metall.

The structure of the Al2O3 layer with the trigonal lattice is characterised in the parallel section by fine grains with grain size not exceeding 500 nm (Fig. 6).
The fine-grained structure of the TiN phase with the cubic lattice is also visible between the Al2O3 phase grains in the same thin foil section.
The TiN layer consists of the neatly arranged grains of the columnar shape, which maximum width is about 500 nm.
Hardness, critical load and cycle number of the PVD and CVD coatings put down on the Si3N4 nitride ceramics.
This failure is initiated after a relatively big number of cycles, which with the remaining coatings from this series are about half of that value.

The surface was found to be composed of large topographic features (angular particulate and smooth areas) and micron sized aspects (fine grains, cracks and ridges).
The angular features are seen as crystalline particles and as separate grains at the smaller scale, that protrude from the particle surface.
Fine grains are also distributed freely across the surface, resulting from the fragmentation of solid particulate upon impact with the coating surface.
This could be due to an interplay with production parameters such as powder feed rate, traverse speed, or step size that will dictate the number of particles deposited in a specific location of the coating.

The mechanical properties strongly depends on its grain size where smaller grain size are associated with lower transformation rate but larger grain size above critical value are less stable and transform spontaneously from tetragonal to monoclinic [5].
During grinding, the number of active cutting grits are allowed to take part in the cutting operations while the remaining grits are indulged in rubbing and ploughing the work piece in the grinding contact zone [8].
A resin bonded diamond grinding wheel of 150 mm diameter with single layer of grit number 126 was used in these experiments.
Mechanical properties of Yttrium partially stabilized zirconia Serial Number Mechanical Properties Yttrium Partially Stabilized Zirconia 1 Vicker Hardness [GPa] 13 2 Fracture Toughness [MPa] 8.05 3 Young Modulus [GPa] 210 4 Sintered Density [g/cm3] 6.08 Grinding Wheel Work Piece Fixture Fig.1.
Since the ceramic materials are hard and brittle in nature, it is difficult for the grain cutting edges to penetrate into the work piece.

Table 1 shows the sample numbers and the conditions of silver electrodeposition.
Therefore, it is suggested that there are few grain boundaries that allow the diffusion of Cu during the heating test.
Because the grain boundary diffusion of Cu is inhibited, the electrical contact resistance of the silver electrodeposited layers with a high {200} orientation ratio remained low after heating.
Because such an electrodeposited silver layer is well crystallized with highly ordered {200} planes normal to the direction of the electroplating plane, the number of grain boundaries allowing the diffusion of Cu during the heating test is reduced; thus, the electrical contact resistance of the surface after heating is improved.
In addition, the bend formability is improved because of both the increased ratio of the cube orientation, which has a positive effect on bend formability, and the reduced number of dislocations.

Hierarchical layered architecture of MPC for the access of new energy 1) Hierarchical control mode in advance time link Based on the traditional structure of the MPC, its rolling optimization layer by "variable granularity" approach is further stratified, and the control process is divided into two layers, including the rolling dispatch planning layer based on coarse-grained model and the real-time dispatch planning layer based on fine-grained model.
Rolling dispatch planning layer uses coarse-grained model which is based on the extended short-term forecasts of wind power output and load demand, and optimizes the output of units for a extended period of time.
Real-time dispatch planning layer uses fine-grained model which is based on the ultra-short-term forecasts of wind power output and load, and gives further refinement of the plan to ensure the immunity of the control process.
and the total number of sections, is the sensitivity factor of unit i to section; and are the minimum and maximum value of section flow. 5) Load balance constraints (Equation 7) (7) Where:and respectively represent the predicted value of load and wind power output in the remaining time . 2.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by State Grid Corporation of China Project Name: Supply-side and Demand-side Joint Peaking Technology for the Access of Large-scale New Energy Project Number: 522722140032.

Thevayanagam and Martin [11] explained that the addition of fines particles wills primarily infill the intergranular voids between sand grains and then secondly to form metastable grain contacts which will loosen the sand skeleton.
In overall, the results of this study show that when the plastic behaviour of the sand-fines mixtures is increasing, the number of cycles required to initiate the liquefaction is also increased.
However, the only drawback is the plasticity index of the sand matrix soils would be same regardless the presenting fines within the matrix of sand grain is either 10% or 50% by weight.
Therefore, Fig. 4 shows the number of cycles required to initiate the soil liquefaction for sand-fines mixtures with various comparison basis, including clay fraction, plastic limit, plasticity index and activity.
Puri: Recent advances in liquefaction of fine grained soils, Proceddings of fifth international conference on recent advances in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics San Diego, USA, (2010)

The quality of land resources is manifested in two aspects: the grains yield per hectare of cultivated land and land reserve resource rate, both of which are positive indexes.
Table 1 The Evaluation Index System and Weight of Chongqing City Land Resource Ecological Security Objective Criteria layer Weight Factor layer Weight Index layer Weight Land resources ecological security of Chongqing Land resources ecological pressure 0.3089 Population pressure 0.1332 X1 Population density（person/km2) X2 Natural population growth rate（‰） 0.0525 0.0807 Resource pressure 0.1169 X3 Cultivated land per capita (hm2/person) X4 Unit fertilizer load of cultivated land (kg/hm2) 0.0677 0.0492 Social economic pressure 0.0588 X5 Urbanization rate (%) X6 Economic density（10,000 Yuan/km2) 0.0362 0.0226 Land resources ecological environment state 0.5296 Structure of Land use 0.3358 X7 Proportion of cultivated land（%） X8 Proportion of grassland（%） X9 Proportion of forest land （%） X10 Proportion of construction land（%） 0.1233 0.1031 0.0841 0.0253 Quality of land resources 0.1938 X11 Grains yield per hectare of cultivated land (
6000.00 27.53 International accepted value National average value X13 GDP per capita (Yuan/person) X14 Proportion of the tertiary industry to the GNP (%) X15 Net income of farmers per capita（Yuan/person） X16 Employment rate（%） + + + + 16084 40.00 4700 50.00 National average value National accepted value National accepted value National average value X17 Forest coverage rate（%） X18 Proportion of the natural reserve area to the total land area (%) + + 40.00 10.00 International accepted value National average value Calculation of the land resources ecological security value The mathematical model of the comprehensive index safety value of land resources is: In this formula, V refers to the comprehensive safety value; n refers to the index number; Pi refers to the safety number of each index; Wi refers to the weight of each index; i=1,2,3,…,n。
The grain yield per unit area increased from 4141.52kg/hm2 in 2001 to 5165.91kg/hm2 in 2010, but it was still lower than the international standard, 6000kg/hm2.
The number of nature reserve areas also increased from 40 in 2001 to 58 in 2010.

Strain heterogeneity was estimated by the coefficient of variation where root-mean-square deviation, is the mean value of the strain degree along the height of the rolled billet, i is the number of particle, 2n = 11.
Kodzhaspirov, Technological Bases of Obtaining of Ultrafine-Grained Metals, Polytechnic University Publ, St.
Valiev, E.J Lavernia, Influence of microstructure on thermal stability of ultrafine-grained Cu processed by equal channel angular pressing, Journal of Materials Science. 53 (2018) 13173-13185
Ratochka, Effect of the structural and phase state on the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the ultrafine-grained titanium alloy (Ti–Al–V–Mo) at temperatures in the range of 293–973 K, Materials Science and Engineering A. 800 (2021) 140334
Lewandowska, Ultrafine-grained plates and sheets: Processing, anisotropy and formability, Advanced Engineering Materials. 22 (2020) 1900666