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Aluminum is widely used for the automotive parts, the aerospace pats, and the mechincal parts due to its properties such as the light weight, the high ductility, and the rust resistance.
The ball-end milling process is one of the most important processes which are widely used to produce the mechanical parts.
There are many factors affecting to the surface roughness of the machining parts.
It is known that the cutting conditions affect the surface roughness [5].
As the Box-Behnken design has fewer design points so this design is less expensive to run than central composite designs with the same number of factors.

The chemical composition and mechanical properties of this material are given in Tables 1 and 2.
Mechanical properties Composition [wt. %] Yield Tensile Vickers C Si Mn P S strength strength Hardness Elongation 0.168 0.020 0.810 0.012 0.008 302[MPa] 440[MPa] 214[Hv] 44[%] Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Specimen and loading device To change the loading mode of single overload and fatigue load, modified compact tension shear (CTS) specimens and loading device [6] were used.
The position that was affected by single overload was shown in Fig. 2.
KI and KII are stress intensity factors of mode I and mode II resulted from changing load mode.
Comparison of relationship between deformation field and fatigue crack behavior In this section we tried to examine the effects of mode combination by comparing observed factors in deformation field and fatigue crack propagation behavior (Fig. 9).

The presence of water trees directly affect the life of the cable.
Table 2 Effect of DCP on the Mechanical Properties of Cross-linked Insulation Material Formula No.31 No. 32 No. 33 No.34 No. 35 No. 36 DCP (phr) 0 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.2 2.5 Tensile Strength (Mpa) 11.1 12.4 14.9 18.7 25.8 30.1 Elongation at Break ( %) 487 463 454 448 441 423 Load Elongation (％) Broken Broken Broken 155 75 70 Antioxidant.
Effect of antioxidant 300 on material thermal aging properties was shown in table 3.
Effect of sorbitol on PE space charge and properties of anti-watertreeing[J].
[7] DOU Ming,WEN Xi-shan, GONG Ying.The qualitative and qualitative study on effects of some factors on the growth of water tree [J].

Aluminum alloy sheets have attractive qualities such as low density, good mechanical properties, and high corrosion resistance.
Part geometry, material properties, forming process conditions and many other factors affect the springback of panel, and the springback is a major problem in the automotive panel forming.
Its material properties are shown in Table 1.
The material property parameters are obtained by uniaxial tension tests.
An experimental study on the examination of springback of sheet metals with several thicknesses and properties in bending dies, J.

Mechanical properties.
Takada, Effect of texture on the mechanical properties and formability of magnesium wrought materials, J.
Wang, Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy after cold rolling and annealing, Heat Treat.
Higashi, Review Processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys, J.
Saito, Mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy with a tilted basal texture obtained by differential speed rolling, Mater.

Introduction The susceptibility of tool to the deformation during machining is one of the factors affecting the very complex phenomenon such as cutting process instability [1,2,3].
Titanium alloy was chosen for researches because of its particular properties (e.g. low modulus of elasticity and low thermal conductivity).
Fig. 2 Simulation model of down milling of titanium alloy work-piece The material behavior during machining is governed by the following Equation (2), considering strain hardening , strain rate sensitivity , and thermal softening : (2) Main physical and mechanical properties of the work-piece (Ti6Al4V) and tool (sintered carbides) materials are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Main typical physical and mechanical properties at room temperature [22,23] Ti6Al4V [18] Sintered carbides [19] Density ρ 4.42 12.9 g/cm3 Melting point Tmelt 1649 - oC Thermal Conductivity k 7.2 45 W/m×K Modulus of Elasticity E 115 520 GPa Specific Heat c 560 398 J/kg× K Ultimate Tensile Strength Rm 1000 - MPa Poisson’s Ratio υ 0.34 0.22 - The courses of the three main cutting force components (Fx, Fy, Fz) and the maximum temperature of the cutting edge (Tmax), assuming the fully rigid tool (beam length L1 = 0 mm), is presented in Fig. 3.
Collings, Material properties handbook: titanium alloys.

Therefore, these factors should be taken into consideration when developing a mechanical expression process for shea butter extraction from shea kernel.
Olaniyan, Effect of processing factors on oil yield of shea butter during wet extraction, Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 3(2) (2003) 126-133
Fashina, effects of some processing factors on yield of oil expressed from rubber seeds, Ife Journal of Technology 2 (1990) 1-7
Akintunde, J.C Igbeka, Effects of processing factors on yield and quality of mechanically expressed soybean oil, Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology 9 (2001) 39-45
Ajibola, Processing factors affecting yield and quality of mechanically expressed groundnut oil, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 5 (1989) 31- 43

CMP is a high efficiency process, both due to the varied chemical and physical properties of the surface materials.
So chemical reactivity appears to be an essential factor of CMP process.
This result suggests that fullerenol molecules absorbing onto the copper surface affect the high efficient material removal.
In our conventional study, it is cleared that chemical reactivity of fullerenol is essential factor for the removal of copper [2].
Structural differences of the fullerenols affect the aggregate formation.

These damages alter the dimensions of the mould thereby affecting the quality of the products.
The total strain is composed of two parts: mechanical strain and thermal strain; and the mechanical strain includes elastic strain and inelastic strain.
Selection of tool materials needs to consider both the mechanical properties and the oxidation resistance.
In service, such oxidation and subsequent oxide spallation can alter the surface of the tool thereby affecting the surface quality of the components.
So improved ways should be taken to remove these detrimental factors, such as selecting new tool materials with better mechanical properties; avoiding the precipitation of brittle phases in the thermal aging treatment of tools; protecting the tools with either ceramic or metallic coatings, which, in turn, would allow the usage of low cost substrate tool materials.

Pulp physical properties.
Pulp physical strength properties.
There are many kinds of factors that impact paper strength, which mainly include the fibrous formation properties, fibrous bonding strength, and the strength of fiber itself.
Among them, the fibrous formation properties are mainly affected by the length of fiber.
The fibrous bonding strength is the key factor which affects the folding strength, tear strength and tensile strength.