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Bone Regenerative Systems: Biomolecules, Cells and Biomaterials Whenever harmed, bones have the uncommon property of endogenous self-repair by recovering new bone without shaping a fibrotic scar that would adjust their mechanical qualities [7].
The most considered osteogenic factors are individuals from the changing development factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and basically bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [10].
In spite of the fact that collagen platforms are in essence profoundly hydrated (with over 95% w/v liquid) with feeble mechanical properties for tissue substitution applications [22], the "basic" plastic pressure of the material quickly builds the relative collagen fibrillar thickness (to over 10% in weight) by evacuating the overabundance of liquid [23].
[9] Katagiri, W., et al., Novel cell-free regeneration of bone using stem cell-derived growth factors.
Growth Factors, 2010. 28(5): p. 306-17

The friction and properties were examined under dry sliding conditions with a WTM—1E type ball-on-disc tester.
It has good room and high temperature mechanical properties, good bending strength, tearing tenacity.
They are inseparable, and affected each other to change, and this processes, subject to a variety of factors, is a random process of change.
In addition, crack action in the layer also degrades the wear properties.
The wear properties improve with the rising content of the TiC mass.

The investigated factors during the second phase of the analysis and their ranges are reported in Table 2.
As it is known, the factorial planes are utilised when the number of factors increases and all the set of the possible combinations are needed.
Anyway, the actual analysis can be classified as a screening which tries to identify a subset of significant factors among a more wide set.
Finally, the normal probability plot and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were implemented to highlight the factors significance and the data robustness for both the responses.
Of course, more detailed information could be obtained by applying a more complex experimental plan, able to well detect the interaction between factors.

The study of optimal fuzzy PID-Smith control based on genetic algorithm Liu Diantinga, Li Haixiab College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, china alliudian@163.com, blihaixia19790604@163.com Key word: Fuzzy-PID Controller; Smith predictor; Genetic Algorithm; Abstract: In this paper, the improved genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy control, and the optimized rule table and membership functions is obtained according to certain performances.
Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy control algorithm in multiple-input fuzzy control, artificial set of fuzzy rule is obviously very difficult, optimization of genetic algorithm with its excellent properties are applied to automatically generate fuzzy rules.
Genetic algorithm optimization method for fuzzy controller usually has: (1) optimal membership functions;(2) optimization of fuzzy control rules;(3) optimization of quantitative factor and scaling factor.
The quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy inference has greatly influenced on the output of fuzzy control rule and the fuzzy control rules and the membership functions will be large changed with the self-tuning of quantify factors and under the same error and its rate of change, the system's output will be changed.
Then with respect to parameters optimization problems in the control, the improved genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy control, simulation analysis is done on a second order system with large delay time by different control method with variable system parameter .It can be proved that new method can improve control quality of system and its dynamic performance indicators.

POC has a great potent to form a composite material such as biodegradable bone screw in terms of improvement of the mechanical properties.
POC also possesses elastic properties.
Therefore, this polymer is composited with hydroxyapatite under the expectation to improve the mechanical properties and osteointegration.
Post-polymerization process temperature and timing affect the mechanical properties of these composites.
However, there are other factors that contribute to the high value of mechanical properties, i.e., the interaction between the polymer matrix POC and filler hydroxyapatite.

Possibilities of a volumetric flow rate modification [1] and the medium temperature change, allow to determine sensors curves and basic dynamic properties.
The tasks of mechanical subassemblies can be described in several points: fixation of temperature sensors and the heater, heat losses minimization (with the aid of seals), providing direct (without disturbances) interaction stream of the medium at a sensor probe, minimization of an influence of environmental factors on the sensor indications.
Results correctness depends on factors such as: a sampling characteristic, an exactitude of used dividend, an instrument error.
Analysis of the graph shows temperature values recorded by sensors, regarding to the established input function, constitute a base used to determined characteristic sensor properties.
To assigned properties belongs: a repeatability, a hysteresis, dynamic characteristics etc.

The results showed that the stir casting method produced ACZ MMCs with better mechanical and wear properties than the powder metallurgy method [14].
The results showed that the optimized parameters produced ACZ MMCs with improved mechanical and wear properties.
The decision to use ACZ as the base material was based on its desirable mechanical properties, including high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance towards wear.
The weight percentages of the reinforcement particles were chosen to investigate their effect on the mechanical properties of the MMCs.
The mean effect plot helps to visualize the relationship between the different factors and the specific wear rate, and how changing these factors affects the wear rate.

These defects have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the material and can act as failure initiation points.
Dreumel and Kamp [6] investigated the effect of fiber waviness on the mechanical properties of CFRP and found that fiber kinking did not affect the tensile modulus of unidirectional CFRP, but resulted in a 20 percent loss in tensile strength.
Residual stresses resulting from the cure or processing cycle may be responsible for localized matrix cracking, either in the matrix or the fiber-matrix interphase region [7].Incorrect temperature-time cycles, chemical inconsistency and poor mixing are clearly factors.
The effect of such damage on the mechanical properties can be significant.
Voiding gives, perhaps, the greatest cause for concern since it is common to many components and has a serious effect on certain fundamental mechanical properties.

And the factors influencing on the mineral concentration such as milling time and solid/liquid mass ratio were investigated.
Except the property that mineral elements in maifan-stone were soluble, maifan-stone has another property that it can absorb contamination such as heavy metal ions, fluorin ion, residual chlorine and some organic materials in water because its porous structure.
By this property, maifan-stone may be applied to feed, to deodorize in refrigerators, to refresh vegetable and marine lives.
Table 6 The relation of solid-liquid ratio and grain size distribution Table 7 The effect of different solid-liquid ratio on concentration of the representative mineral elements 3.3 The effect of filling quantity of ball mill and grinding media on the extraction of mineral elements.The effect of total filling quantity of the ball mill with different diameter and their proportion was essential in affecting the efficiency of grinding.
The proportional relations of ball mill and total filling quantity of grinding media affected the efficiency of grinding, which related to the extraction of mineral elements.

XLPE insulation serves as the primary sheathing material for these wires, owing to its notable thermal and mechanical properties.
The results obtained suggest that tanδ is a parameter influenced by multiple factors and is not solely dependent on a single variable.
Several factors can contribute to the escalation in partial discharge levels.
Dielectric Properties and beta-Relaxation in Cross-linked Polyethylene: Effect of Thermal Aging.
Ouyang, “The effect of accelerated water tree ageing on the properties of XLPE cable insulation”, IEEE Trans.