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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Yan Mei Meng, Quan Zhou, Ying Ning Hu, Hai Feng Pang, Dao Yang Li, Xuan Yu, Bing Hua Ou
This paper makes the ForceControl configuration software as a development platform of monitoring system, and uses data collector to intensively collect the data which is measured by field measuring instruments, and transmits the data to the host computer via Ethernet, so that accomplishes the remote on-line automatic monitoring of ground source heat pump unit's operating status and provides a powerful data reference for assessing the energy saving effect of GSHP[1].
Monitoring data and calculated data through the automatic acquisition should be able to truly reflect the dynamic changes of GSHP system, ensure the data's real-time performance, correctness and rationality[4].
Based on the ground source heat pump system's principle, the monitoring system dynamically simulates the actual on-site ground source heat pump unit's structure, intuitively and dynamically displays the important parameters of the changes of each parts of ground source heat pump system and the opening situation of the valve, and views current data dynamic changes, real-time data, historical data and historical data changes.
The Data Collector Works as OPC Server.
Since the information and data of collection points of data collector in this system are managed by the host computer's management software, and the data collector can not directly dock and communicate with ForceControl configuration software, but the data collector itself supports OPC access, so the system uses the host computer's management software to real-time upload the information and data of collection point of data collector to OPC server in the host computer, and to change into managing the information and data of collection point by OPC server.
Monitoring data and calculated data through the automatic acquisition should be able to truly reflect the dynamic changes of GSHP system, ensure the data's real-time performance, correctness and rationality[4].
Based on the ground source heat pump system's principle, the monitoring system dynamically simulates the actual on-site ground source heat pump unit's structure, intuitively and dynamically displays the important parameters of the changes of each parts of ground source heat pump system and the opening situation of the valve, and views current data dynamic changes, real-time data, historical data and historical data changes.
The Data Collector Works as OPC Server.
Since the information and data of collection points of data collector in this system are managed by the host computer's management software, and the data collector can not directly dock and communicate with ForceControl configuration software, but the data collector itself supports OPC access, so the system uses the host computer's management software to real-time upload the information and data of collection point of data collector to OPC server in the host computer, and to change into managing the information and data of collection point by OPC server.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Paweł Droździel, Tatiana Vitenko, Nazar Horodysky
The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Much of the interest in these devices stems from their efficiency due to powerful physical and chemical effects caused by spatial reduction of pressure and flow geometry changes in the working area.
The aim of this paper is to investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of a module that can be implemented in practice and to compare numerical results with experimental data, thus verifying suitability of the applied software package.
Based on these data, we determined the length of cavitation area, and then compared the numerical results with experimental, visual results (Table 1, Fig. 7) which were recorded with a video camera at different exposure intervals (minimum exposure interval was 1/8000 sec.).
Much of the interest in these devices stems from their efficiency due to powerful physical and chemical effects caused by spatial reduction of pressure and flow geometry changes in the working area.
The aim of this paper is to investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of a module that can be implemented in practice and to compare numerical results with experimental data, thus verifying suitability of the applied software package.
Based on these data, we determined the length of cavitation area, and then compared the numerical results with experimental, visual results (Table 1, Fig. 7) which were recorded with a video camera at different exposure intervals (minimum exposure interval was 1/8000 sec.).
Online since: May 2023
Authors: Ling Hui Kong, Lei Zhang, Gui Xun Li, Dong Liu, Jin Liang Niu
The one was that the GO itself possessed the capacity of anti-wear and friction reduction.
Triplicate measures were done for each sample and the average of date was adopted as the final experimental data.
The one was that the GO itself possessed the capacity of anti-wear and friction reduction.
Triplicate measures were done for each sample and the average of date was adopted as the final experimental data.
The one was that the GO itself possessed the capacity of anti-wear and friction reduction.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Sheng Yue Zeng, Liam Blunt, Xiang Qian Jiang
The surface roughness Sa reduced from initial 24nm to 7nm and reduction ratio was 72.5% which was very close to the estimated ratio 64%.
1.
In analysis, the S/N ratio is seen as a single data at each trial condition.
Table 6 ANOVA Variables DOF Sum of squares Variance F-value Pure sum of squares Percent contribution Rank Precess angle 2 1.98 0.99 2 0.99 4.44% 4 Head speed 2 2.38 1.19 2.41 1.39 6.26% 3 Tool offset 2 6.03 3.02 6.1 5.04 22.68% 2 Tool pressure 2 11.85 5.92 11.99 10.86 48.84% 1 Error 2 0 0 1 3.95 17.78% Total 8 22.24 2.78 Table 7 The results of confirmatory experiment Before polishing(nm) After polishing(nm) S.R. ratio(%) Estimated reduction ratio(%) 24 7 72.5 64 Before polishing After polishing Figure 7 3D map measured by CCI before and after polishing under the optimal condition 3.
In analysis, the S/N ratio is seen as a single data at each trial condition.
Table 6 ANOVA Variables DOF Sum of squares Variance F-value Pure sum of squares Percent contribution Rank Precess angle 2 1.98 0.99 2 0.99 4.44% 4 Head speed 2 2.38 1.19 2.41 1.39 6.26% 3 Tool offset 2 6.03 3.02 6.1 5.04 22.68% 2 Tool pressure 2 11.85 5.92 11.99 10.86 48.84% 1 Error 2 0 0 1 3.95 17.78% Total 8 22.24 2.78 Table 7 The results of confirmatory experiment Before polishing(nm) After polishing(nm) S.R. ratio(%) Estimated reduction ratio(%) 24 7 72.5 64 Before polishing After polishing Figure 7 3D map measured by CCI before and after polishing under the optimal condition 3.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Alberto A. Cavalheiro, Rafael Gomes Dias, Mário Cilense, Eliane F. de Souza, Margarete Soares da Silva, Maria A. Zaghete
The effect of strontium substitution on the dielectric properties for sintered ceramics is also investigated and showed the strontium substitution leads to reduction of weight loss and increasing of density for sintered ceramic.
Others changes are also related, such as the reduction of Curie temperature [7], predominance of tetragonal phase over rhombohedral one and grain growing during sintering [8].
After calcinations for 3 hours at 700ºC, the powder samples presents no secondary phases and two types of perovskite phases could br identified according the XRD diffraction data bank: rhombohedral (R3mR - ICSD card number #77585) and tetragonal (P4mm - ICSD card number #90699).
Others changes are also related, such as the reduction of Curie temperature [7], predominance of tetragonal phase over rhombohedral one and grain growing during sintering [8].
After calcinations for 3 hours at 700ºC, the powder samples presents no secondary phases and two types of perovskite phases could br identified according the XRD diffraction data bank: rhombohedral (R3mR - ICSD card number #77585) and tetragonal (P4mm - ICSD card number #90699).
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Åke Sandström, Mohammad Khoshkhoo, Mark Dopson
Data from the redox potential development was used to program a redox potential controller in an electrochemical vessel to reproduce the same leaching conditions in the absence of microorganisms.
As a result, data comparing biotic and abiotic systems does not conclusively support a bioleaching mechanism.
In this study, redox potential data from a moderately thermophilic batch bioleaching of chalcopyrite were used to mimic the redox potential development in an electrochemical cell in order to reproduce the same leaching conditions without the presence of microorganisms.
The electrical current kept the redox potential on the set value by reduction of ferric ions to ferrous.
XRD analysis of the electrochemical leaching residue confirmed that beside chalcopyrite, the only detectable iron compound was jarosite though it was not detected in the bioleaching experiment residue (data not shown).
As a result, data comparing biotic and abiotic systems does not conclusively support a bioleaching mechanism.
In this study, redox potential data from a moderately thermophilic batch bioleaching of chalcopyrite were used to mimic the redox potential development in an electrochemical cell in order to reproduce the same leaching conditions without the presence of microorganisms.
The electrical current kept the redox potential on the set value by reduction of ferric ions to ferrous.
XRD analysis of the electrochemical leaching residue confirmed that beside chalcopyrite, the only detectable iron compound was jarosite though it was not detected in the bioleaching experiment residue (data not shown).
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Bai Lin Yang
Recently, UDP Lite is deployed to transmit multimedia data[2-4].
The checksum only covers headers data such as MAC header, IP header and UDP header, but for voice data, no checksum is applied on it.
In our method, we will formulate this protocol with the perceputally important graphics data and less important data respectively.
For the mesh data with high I, to ensure the data transmitted correctly, we set the coverage value as the length of the full UDP packet.
Factually, the VSplit data can be divided into topology data and geometry data.
The checksum only covers headers data such as MAC header, IP header and UDP header, but for voice data, no checksum is applied on it.
In our method, we will formulate this protocol with the perceputally important graphics data and less important data respectively.
For the mesh data with high I, to ensure the data transmitted correctly, we set the coverage value as the length of the full UDP packet.
Factually, the VSplit data can be divided into topology data and geometry data.
Online since: June 2018
Authors: Abdelkader Mestar, Samir Zahaf, Noureddine Zina, Ahmed Boutaous
In general, both models of the knee prosthesis and reinforced by a stress reduction system (cement, elastomer) gave a lower stress level in the tibia and tibial bone of a normal person compared to a healthy model.
These data were used to create a three dimensional computer aided design (3D CAD) model in order to import into Ansys workbenche 16.2 software for FEA.
The anatomy of the model was created from magnetic resonance images, and the biomechanical characteristics used in the model were based on experimental data available in the literature.
On the other hand, the four knee prostheses (Model I, Model II, Model III, Model IV) implanted by elastomer contribute significantly to the reduction of stresses in the patella bone compared to the Intact Model.
On the other hand, the four knee prostheses (Model I, Model II, Model III, Model IV) implanted by elastomer contribute significantly to the reduction of stresses in the patella bone compared to the Intact Model.
These data were used to create a three dimensional computer aided design (3D CAD) model in order to import into Ansys workbenche 16.2 software for FEA.
The anatomy of the model was created from magnetic resonance images, and the biomechanical characteristics used in the model were based on experimental data available in the literature.
On the other hand, the four knee prostheses (Model I, Model II, Model III, Model IV) implanted by elastomer contribute significantly to the reduction of stresses in the patella bone compared to the Intact Model.
On the other hand, the four knee prostheses (Model I, Model II, Model III, Model IV) implanted by elastomer contribute significantly to the reduction of stresses in the patella bone compared to the Intact Model.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Ashkhotov Oleg, Irina Ashkhotova
Our data agree well with [1, 2, 6, 7], except [5], in which the energies was less than the listed transitions our values by 3-4 eV.
EELS spectra of oxidized aluminum on our data are characterized by a peak with an energy of 20.4 eV.
Together, these factors lead to a significant reduction of the sputtering of aluminum oxide, which becomes significantly less than the same parameter for the pure metal.
According to our data, the low alumina sputtering coefficient at argon ions energies up to 2 keV does not give the desired result, and it was shown in [17 ] that Al2O3 practically impervious to etching by Ar+ ions with an energy of ~3 keV.
We may assume that the emergence of these peaks was due to the formation of aluminum nitride, but the EELS spectra for AlN were found to contain only a volume plasmon peak of 20.46 ± 0.01 eV according to the data in [18, 19], thereby conflicting with spectrum 2 in Fig. 4.
EELS spectra of oxidized aluminum on our data are characterized by a peak with an energy of 20.4 eV.
Together, these factors lead to a significant reduction of the sputtering of aluminum oxide, which becomes significantly less than the same parameter for the pure metal.
According to our data, the low alumina sputtering coefficient at argon ions energies up to 2 keV does not give the desired result, and it was shown in [17 ] that Al2O3 practically impervious to etching by Ar+ ions with an energy of ~3 keV.
We may assume that the emergence of these peaks was due to the formation of aluminum nitride, but the EELS spectra for AlN were found to contain only a volume plasmon peak of 20.46 ± 0.01 eV according to the data in [18, 19], thereby conflicting with spectrum 2 in Fig. 4.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Vivek Pancholi, K. Rohit, A. Raja
Some work on reduction in thickness variation through microstructural control has been introduced and studied recently [9]–[13].
Table 2: Values of the co-efficient 𝑏2 and slope data obtained by best fit line to the thinning factor data (section on thinning factor) FSPed fine grain percentage fraction in microstructure Value of b2 Slope 25% -0.36 -0.9409 50% -0.56 -0.9245 72% -0.97 -0.5972 100% -0.88 -0.835 Effective strain.
Therefore, any deviation from the ideal condition can be characterized using slope of the linear best fit line to the data of thinning factor [10], [14].
From Fig. 4 and slope data listed in Table 2, it is clear that the slope of 72% processed condition is found to be lowest which indicate that the thickness of the bulge in this case is nearly uniform.
Reduction in thickness variation in the superplastically formed components requires higher m value (strain rate sensitivity).
Table 2: Values of the co-efficient 𝑏2 and slope data obtained by best fit line to the thinning factor data (section on thinning factor) FSPed fine grain percentage fraction in microstructure Value of b2 Slope 25% -0.36 -0.9409 50% -0.56 -0.9245 72% -0.97 -0.5972 100% -0.88 -0.835 Effective strain.
Therefore, any deviation from the ideal condition can be characterized using slope of the linear best fit line to the data of thinning factor [10], [14].
From Fig. 4 and slope data listed in Table 2, it is clear that the slope of 72% processed condition is found to be lowest which indicate that the thickness of the bulge in this case is nearly uniform.
Reduction in thickness variation in the superplastically formed components requires higher m value (strain rate sensitivity).