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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jiong Chen, Fang Wang, Hui Yang, Shu Qiang Yuan, Feng Tao Liu, Chun Hua Zhou, Zheng Xiang Shen
properties Tab.2 Mechanical of 40CrMnSiB Sample number Temper temperature Rm(MPa) MPa Rp0.2(MPa) MPa Rp0.2/ Rm A(%) % Z(%) % HRC AKU(J) J 01 350℃ 1888 0 12 51 53.2 42 02 1884 0 13.5 54 53.0 40 03 1876 0 12 52 52.8 44 04 400℃ 1844 0 11.5 51 53.2 44 05 1877 0 12 50 52.7 45 06 1863 0 11.5 50 52.7 44 07 450℃ 1483 1434 0.97 14 57 46.7 42 08 1455 1390 0.96 13.5 54 45.0 50 09 1478 1428 0.97 13 58 44.3 50 10 500℃ 1430 1372 0.96 13 55 42.3 63 11 1453 1404 0.97 12.5 59 44.2 58 12 1431 1381 0.97 13.5 56 45.2 58 13 550℃ 1117 1031 0.92 15 54 36.7 62 14 1127 1044 0.93 16 52 35.5 66 15 1126 1050 0.93 15 50 36.3 60 16 600℃ 1084 988 0.91 16 56 35.7 70 17 1079 975 0.90 17.5 57 35.3 73 18 1092 1010 0.92 15 57 36.0 74 19 650℃ 940 817 0.87 21 61 29.8 123 20 931 816 0.88 21 62 27.3 120 21 930 822 0.88 20 61 29.7 122 22 700℃ 858 724 0.84 23 63 27.2 143 23 850 739 0.87 22.5 64 26.5 140 24 857 726 0.85 25 64 28.0 136 Note: 350℃ and 400℃ tempering tensile curve have no obvious yield phenomenon, not for data
Test block and results are shown in Figure 1. 3 Discussion and analysis 3.1 Mechanical properties For more intuitive and accurate understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, sample tests results on each three indicators have been averaged, mechanical properties to tempering temperature curves have been plotted as shown in Figure 2-7: Fig.2 Strength-temper temperature curve Fig.3 Yield ratio –temper temperature curve Fig.4 Elongation–temper temperature curve Fig.5 Percentage reduction of area–temper temperature curve Fig.6 Impact energy–temper temperature curve Fig.7 Hardness–temper temperature curve From Figure 2-3 can conclude that the impact of tempering temperature on the strength is notable, strength of 350℃ tempering is up to 1800MPa.
In a trend, elongation and reduction of area increase with fluctuation of tempering temperature, impact toughness increases with tempering temperature rises.
For 400℃ to 550℃ of tempering, elongation and reduction of area suddenly decrease but impact energy decrease not obviously.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Rui Xu, Yong Lu Zhong, Lin Guo Chen, Yong Jun Xia, Fa Sheng Liu
The flue gas is piped to Hg converter, where the Hg2 + will be reduced into Hg0, then directly sent to the detector; the testing data will be transmitted directly to the recording, storage system.
As the unit load becomes higher, the contribution rate of low temperature economizer for mercury reduction in flue gas after ESP becomes more obvious.
But the contents of Hg0 and Hg2 + in gaseous mercury are different, generally of Hg2 + content higher than Hg0 content in gaseous mercury; (2) Under different conditions, the form of gaseous mercury before and after ESP doesn’t change obviously, but bivalent mercury concentration is higher than zero-valent mercury concentration. 90% of particulate mercury is removed after the flue gas passes through ESP; (3) The operation of low temperature economizer can obviously reduce the content of mercury in flue gas at ESP outlet, and as the unit load becomes higher, the contribution rate of low temperature economizer for mercury reduction in flue gas after ESP becomes more obvious.
After running the low temperature economizer, the highest reduction efficiency of total mercury in flue gas can increase by nearly 30.8%.
Online since: August 2020
Authors: Mohamed Sahli, Xavier Roizard, Pierre Henri Cornuault, Mohamed Assoul, Guillaume Colas
All of these experimental data was implemented in simulation codes to describe the constitutive model of the steel sheet.
Clearance reduction leads to the delay of fracture initiation.
Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn: · During of numerical simulations of the blanking process an elongation in shear surface and a simultaneous reduction in fracture zone versus clearance punch/die was observed
Generally, clearance reduction leads to the delay of fracture initiation, and consequently, all these give smoother cut-surface
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Tadanobu Inoue, Fu Xing Yin
The FE analysis is used to evaluate the inhomogeneous strain distribution in the specimens compressed by reduction ratios of 50% and 75%.
The specimen was heated to 1023K and held for 20 seconds and then deformed by reduction ratios of 50% and 75% at a strain rate of 1/s.
Results and Discussion Figure 2 represents the contour maps showing the distributions of shear strain γxy and equivalent strain εeq after 50% and 75% reductions at 1023K and a strain rate of 1/s.
Figure 7 represents the fractions of HAGB area according to shear strain, with fixing the equivalent strain at εeq=1.5, together with the data of Fig. 5.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Dong Nyung Lee, Heung Nam Han, Hyun Sik Choi
For the electrical steel, the true rolling reduction in RD was set to be 1.1 in ln(ho/h1) with ho and h1 being the sheet thickness before and after rolling.
The overall thickness reduction was 1.43 in true strain, which is equivalent to 86% in engineering strain.
The reductions in RD and TD are equivalent to true strains of 1.1 [ln(1.5/0.5)] and 0.36 [ln(0.5/0.35)], respectively.
The calculated results are similar to the measured data (Fig. 6c).
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Tālis Juhna, Linda Mezule, Jurijs Ozolins, Viktorija Denisova
Log reduction was calculated using the following equation (Eq. 1): Log reduction = log (N/N0)
At the beginning of electrolysis, the pH values increased till 8.7 ± 0.1 and slowly decreased after 8 minutes of electrochemical disinfection (data not shown).
During the first 5 minutes of electrochemical disinfection a mere 0.24-log reduction of E. coli was observed (Fig. 2).
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Grzegorz Kopeć, Bolesław Machulec
Heat that is necessary for the conduct of strongly endothermic reaction of carbon reduction of silica is released due to direct flow of electrical current through the charge material (resistive heating) and through the electric arc that burns in the gas chambers located near the electrode tips.
The excessive amounts of SiC may deposit in the lower zones of the furnace as an infusible and non-reactive allotropic form, SiCα, that results from the following transformation: SiC=SiCα (8) The effects of this are: technological process disturbances, metal tapping problems and, in extreme cases, long-term furnace capacity reduction.
Subjects of the analysis were 24-hour periods when the furnace operated regularly without breaks or power reduction.
Ranges of the parameters corresponding to the carbon balance state of the reactions zones can be determined based on the data from the periods when the furnace operation is “perfect”, i.e. it shows maximum capacity and the best technical and economical indicators.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Marco Mauceri, Danilo Crippa, Francesco La Via, Hans von Känel, Anna Marzegalli, Wlodek Kaplan, Thomas Kreiliger, Marco Puglisi, Adolf Schöner, Fulvio Mancarella, Leo MIGLIO
Based on preliminary data obtained by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (not shown), also the latter requirement gets violated for a small fraction of crystals.
Furthermore, their diameter is large leading to a lower geometrical aspect ratio which prevents effective SF reduction.
Therefore, the spacing between Si pillars is responsible for a tradeoff between efficient SF reduction and full coalescence of SiC crystals into a smooth film.
La Via, Defect reduction in epitaxial 3C-SiC on Si(001) and Si(111) by deep substrate patterning, Materials Science Forum 821-823 (2015) 193-196
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Guang Hui Yuan, Jin Tao Bai
The cathodic peak at 2.3 V can be assigned to the reduction of sulfur to polysulfides while the strong cathodic peak at around 2.0 V is associated to the reduction of soluble polysulfides into Li2S2/Li2S [4].
The profile has two apparent plateaus in the discharge curve and one plateau in the charge curve, which are in good agreement with the CV data.
Huang, the production of carbon microtubes by the carbonization of catkins and their use in the oxygen reduction reaction, Carbon 49 (2011) 5292–5297
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Mariam Al-Ma'adeed, N.J. Al-Thani
Adding PVA to the matrix of PEO lowered its thermal stability for main decomposition temperatures, suggesting that PVA makes the blend less stable and more subjected to thermal degradation due to the fact that PVA has lower molecular weight and even though there is an increase in the hydrogen bonding the degradation increases which indicates that these bonding are the same for the main and branched chains (same values of reduction in both temperatures).
The decreasing of the spherulites size confirms the reduction of the crystallinity in the blend which will be confirmed later by DSC measurements.
Table (3-1) X-ray diffraction data for various blends.
Adding PVA to the matrix of PEO reduces the effect of crosslinking at 5 kGy (PVA has lower molecular weight) as the shift to higher melting point is not noticed and also it leads to reduction in the enthalpy and change the shape of the melting peaks to a broader shape which confirm the tendency toward less crystallinity and at high doses the presence of two peaks is noticed which indicates that ionizing radiation causes the intact complex network to be altered to new fragments.
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