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The welds have a fine-grained microstructures and well-formed root passes.
It is found that metal grain fineness reduces to 2,0-2,5 times if 0.2-0.5 wt.% TiCN nanopowder is inoculated into the flux.
At the moment, there is a number of patented nano-incorporated cored wires [24 - 25].
Eremin A.E., Cored wire, Invention patent number 2350448 (RF)
Cored wire, Invention patent number 2429957 (RF).

Cobalt also reduces the sharpness of diamond particle grains which decreases the stress in the material [22].
The figures describe the tool life (number of drilled holes) as a function of feed rate and cutting speed.
Tool life (number of drilled holes) for external cooling strategies, CO2 (left) and emulsion (right).
Tool life (number of drilled holes) for internal cooling strategies, CO2 (left) and emulsion (right).
Characterization and performance evaluation of mono-grain and bi-modal PCD grade in machining of MMC, Procedia CIRP 14 (2014), 200-204

Fig.1 Panorama of “sandwich” type slope Northern area of Hainan Island is located on the south Leiqiong faulted zone, new tectonic movement and volcanic activity have intense since late tertiary, forming a large number of "sandwich” type slopes.
A small number of large particle size block wrapped in the small grain block, or a large number of large grain block constitute the skeleton and small grain block is filled only in the skeleton gap, the internal friction angle of these materials in this situation is smaller than that which the size of block is close or the gradation is continuously.
Therefore, choosing throwing-stone-into-water filling method should use block stone and stone slag which gradation is relatively uniform and continuous, and control diameter of individual super large As northern area of Hainan Island is located on the south Leiqiong faulted zone, new tectonic movement and volcanic activity have been intense since late tertiary, which form a large number of extrusive rocks, so we can also make use of local materials and use gradation uniform, continuous extrusive rocks as infill on slope management.

Cutting ring method is simple, fast, and does not need much test instruments, which is suitable if the filler material is fine-grained soil.
Evd value can be converted to K30 value according to filler material, for example, the formula for fine-grained soil is "K30=3.45×Evd+0.1"[3].
The representative value of compaction coefficient (Kr, lower confidence limit of arithmetic average value) in a inspection and evaluation unit formula is as follows: （1） The meaning of each variable in formula (1) is as follows: Kr—Representative value;—The average value; n—test points number; S—the standard deviation;K0—specified value in railway standard；ta— A coefficient variable with measuring points number and guarantee rate(confidence a) in distribution table.
When Kr≥91% and each point’s Ki≥K0-5%=86% but some Ki<89%, qualified rate calculate formula is n1/n×100%, n1 is test point number that Ki is no less than 89%.
When the section is short, requires that each measuring point Ki≥91%, and test point number is not less than six points.

Microscale laser shock peening (μLSP) can generate beneficial compressive stress distribution in the targets, as the used beam diameter in μLSP is at the order of micron equivalent with grain size, the treated material must be considered as anisotropic and inhomogeneous, this causes an asymmetrical distribution of residual stress.
The results show that shape factor is a significant characteristic of residual stress induced by μLSP, crystal orientation is the most important influence factor, but laser energy and peening number have significant influence on stress characterization values.
Process parameters include constrained layer, laser energy, diameter of laser beam, pulse duration, peening number and so on.
Table 1 Simulation test factor level of Taguchi design Symbol μLSP parameter Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 A Surface orientation （100） （111） （411） B Laser energy E （mJ） 0.5 1 2 C Peening number n 1 2 3 Results and Discussion Data means and signal to noise ratio of controlling factors must be calculated to estimate the influence degree of objective.
Table 2 Rank of response variable based on Taguchi design Parameters Response Surface orientation Laser energy E Peening number n 1 3 2 1 2 3 δrc 1 2 3 δmax 1 2 3 σSF 1 3 2 a.

Increasing the Al content further results in an increase of (Mg17(Al,Zn)12) precipitation in a network along the grain boundaries, which obstructs grain growth in the extruded products, but, decreases elongation to fracture [1,6,7].
The EBSD measurements in the fusion zone and the base material covered sample areas of 1500×1500µm 2 and inverse pole figures were generated from each grain map determined.
A comparison between the welds with AZ31, AZ61 and AZ80 reveal that this layer with fine equiaxed grains decreases in width with decreasing Al content of the Mg-alloy.
These fine equiaxed grains presumably are due to an increase in the number of nucleation sites with increasing precipitate volume of the alloy.
In case of AZ80 a slight increases of hardness is observed in the fine grained zone near the fusion zone border.

When individual grain boundaries are defined by, e. g. an etch pit density (EPD) map, one can determine if it is a polygonized grain boundary or one that is more complex from the shape and width of the RC.
If it is a simple polygonized grain boundary, one can in principle determine what the rotation axis is and the magnitude of the rotation from information obtained from symmetric and asymmetric RC's.
There are about the same number of multiple peak rocking curves in the D-mode, but the peaks are not as well defined because they have been broadened by the strain.
The dark lines represent small angle grain boundaries that describe the domains.
A micrograph of the wafer etched to perform micropipe counts is shown in Fig. 5b where the grain boundaries for the grains to the left of the major flat are decorated, and there is a large density of them in the regions corresponding to the center of the bottom edge and the middle of the RCM's.

The grain morphology of the ceramic samples was examined by SEM (Hitachi S-3400N II).
The average grain size of the un-doped 0.33BTO-0.67BFO solid solution was measured to be about 0.60 mm, which was smaller than that of the Mn-doped 0.33BTO-0.67BFO solid solutions (their average grain size of was ~ 0.90 mm).With increasing the Mn-doped concentration from 0.1 mol% to 1.0 mol%, the average grain size was increased with high density, and the sintering ability of the solid solution was improved.
As observed in Fig. 2, the Mn-doped solid solutions were composed of grains, which were much more compact and dense, and larger in grain sizes.
Especially in the Mn-doped solid solution with x = 1.0, the average grain size was about 1.0 mm, and the number of holes between the grains was greatly reduced.
With increasing the Mn-doped concentrations the average grain size was increased with high density and the sintering ability of the solid solution was improved.

Crush the sample, get rid of crop residues and impurity, natural air drying, sieve out the material that its grain diameter is more than 2mm, low temperature baking at least 5 hours.
Then further ground, sieve out the material that its grain diameter is more than 30 eyes.
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Ti(C,N) and tabular alundum phases are closely combined and can inhibit grain growth each other,which is benefical in improving the comprehensive properties of composite ceramics.
,Ltd of Zibo Taibei Leel)with grain size 1-0.5mm , 0.5-0mm and powders including alumina, TiO2, α- Al2O3 ,carbon black.
(1-1) The four powders were milled in nylon tank ball with corundum balls for 12 hours.The ratio of powders and balls was1:2.The above powders were mixed with coarse particles in small force mixing machine in proportion,and then blended with appropriate amount of binder for 20 minutes, After trapped for 60 minutes, samples were prepared under the pressure in the 100MPa with the size of 25mm × 25mm × 125mm and the sample numbers were T0-T4.
Sintering necking began appeared at 1200˚C,and it was densification at 1300˚C with the tight interaction between aggregate and matrix , which was consistent with the mechanical properties of the previous reached maximum at 1300℃.Al2O3 and TiN in the figure are both shown as irregular shapes, on one hand, Ti (C,N) is a covalent compound whose grain growth by recrystallization is more difficult, on the other hand ,it can be considered that "aluminum pool" was formed by molten aluminum firstly and then chemical reaction was caused[12].The grain has the trend of grown up with the temperature increasing,which has a a certain impact to the properties of materials.