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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xiao Yu Zhang, Hui Yan Zhang
Considering the correlation of the environment sample data and the possibility of disturbance in the sample data, it is proper to take both correlation and information incompleteness into account.
The main idea of Grey relational analysis is to decide whether the data sequences are closely related by looking at the similarity in the curves’ geometric shapes of data sequence.
Secondly, considering the dimension differences in the data, the data indexes must be made dimensionless to obtain the sequence.
Analysis and Application of small sample meta data [M].
“The eighth five-year plan”(corrosion)data compilation fascicule III—Soil corrosion data compilation[M].
The main idea of Grey relational analysis is to decide whether the data sequences are closely related by looking at the similarity in the curves’ geometric shapes of data sequence.
Secondly, considering the dimension differences in the data, the data indexes must be made dimensionless to obtain the sequence.
Analysis and Application of small sample meta data [M].
“The eighth five-year plan”(corrosion)data compilation fascicule III—Soil corrosion data compilation[M].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xin Peng Bai, Xiao Lei Zhao, Zhi Yong Guo, Xiao Qin Liu
Under the optimum operating conditions, the extraction yield was 10.42 %, a drastic reduction of the blitzkrieg extraction time (79 s vs. 8 h) was achieved, comparable with the reflux extraction.
Table 1 Codes, ranges and levels of independent variables of the ratio of material to liquid(R), extraction voltage (U) and blitzkrieg extracting time (T) Symbols Independent variables Level -α(-1.6818) Low(-1) Center(0) High(+1) +α(+1.6818) X1 R/ (g/500mL) 32.955 50 75 100 117.044 X2 U/V 107.955 125 150 175 192.044 X3 T/s 9.546 30 60 90 110.453 Table 2 Program and experimental results of RSM (Uncoded) RUN X1 X2 X3 Y1/ % 1 50 125 30 8.53 2 50 125 90 9.93 3 50 175 30 10.05 4 50 175 90 10.65 5 100 125 30 10.16 6 100 125 90 10.02 7 100 175 30 9.49 8 100 175 90 10.40 9 32.95525 150 60 9.92 10 117.044825 150 60 10.14 11 75 107.95525 60 9.34 12 75 192.04485 60 9.82 13 75 150 9.5463 8.60 14 75 150 110.45379 10.30 15 75 150 60 10.18 16 75 150 60 10.17 17 75 150 60 10.28 18 75 150 60 10.21 19 75 150 60 10.19 20 75 150 60 10.30 Data Analysis.
The response surface regression (RSREG) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS) and design expert (version 9.0) software were used to analyze the experimental data [5, 6].
Based on the experimental data, the maximum predictable extraction yield for the Blitzkrieg extraction of noni seed was obtained under the following conditions: solid to liquid 95 g / 500mL, extraction voltage 148V and extraction time of 79s.
Table 1 Codes, ranges and levels of independent variables of the ratio of material to liquid(R), extraction voltage (U) and blitzkrieg extracting time (T) Symbols Independent variables Level -α(-1.6818) Low(-1) Center(0) High(+1) +α(+1.6818) X1 R/ (g/500mL) 32.955 50 75 100 117.044 X2 U/V 107.955 125 150 175 192.044 X3 T/s 9.546 30 60 90 110.453 Table 2 Program and experimental results of RSM (Uncoded) RUN X1 X2 X3 Y1/ % 1 50 125 30 8.53 2 50 125 90 9.93 3 50 175 30 10.05 4 50 175 90 10.65 5 100 125 30 10.16 6 100 125 90 10.02 7 100 175 30 9.49 8 100 175 90 10.40 9 32.95525 150 60 9.92 10 117.044825 150 60 10.14 11 75 107.95525 60 9.34 12 75 192.04485 60 9.82 13 75 150 9.5463 8.60 14 75 150 110.45379 10.30 15 75 150 60 10.18 16 75 150 60 10.17 17 75 150 60 10.28 18 75 150 60 10.21 19 75 150 60 10.19 20 75 150 60 10.30 Data Analysis.
The response surface regression (RSREG) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS) and design expert (version 9.0) software were used to analyze the experimental data [5, 6].
Based on the experimental data, the maximum predictable extraction yield for the Blitzkrieg extraction of noni seed was obtained under the following conditions: solid to liquid 95 g / 500mL, extraction voltage 148V and extraction time of 79s.
Online since: November 2005
Authors: Ana Isabel Fernández-Calvo, Beatriz López, Pello Uranga, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe
Each data is analyzed separately, proceeding as in the first pass and taking into
consideration the fact that the unrecrystallized material retains all the deformation applied in the
previous pass, as indicated by the law of mixtures method [11].
The large reductions selected at the initial rolling passes had the aim of promoting the refinement of the as-cast microstructure at the earliest rolling stages.
After an initial reduction during the first three interstands from values close to 10 down to values of about 7, the value of ZD stays almost constant afterwards.
This fact, added to the reduction in Dmean, reflects a continuous microstructural refinement.
Further reductions do not affect these grain sizes significantly.
The large reductions selected at the initial rolling passes had the aim of promoting the refinement of the as-cast microstructure at the earliest rolling stages.
After an initial reduction during the first three interstands from values close to 10 down to values of about 7, the value of ZD stays almost constant afterwards.
This fact, added to the reduction in Dmean, reflects a continuous microstructural refinement.
Further reductions do not affect these grain sizes significantly.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xian Song Xie
The set consists of concrete model, displacement sensors, data adapter and recording system.
During the measurement, the specimen ends contact with the micrometer which is fixed to the test mode, Dial gauge data obtained through the SZ-DA 32-channel data adapter is stored in the PC.
When the fibers content increases from 0.5 kg/m3 to 0.9 kg/m3, the reduction rate is significantly improved; when the fibers content increases from 0.9 kg/m3 to 1.3 kg/m3, the reduction rate slightly increases, and the effect is not obvious.
During the measurement, the specimen ends contact with the micrometer which is fixed to the test mode, Dial gauge data obtained through the SZ-DA 32-channel data adapter is stored in the PC.
When the fibers content increases from 0.5 kg/m3 to 0.9 kg/m3, the reduction rate is significantly improved; when the fibers content increases from 0.9 kg/m3 to 1.3 kg/m3, the reduction rate slightly increases, and the effect is not obvious.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Li Ping Zhou
People have realized the importance of the energy conservation and emission reduction.China undertakes the commitment of its 1.3 billion people.
The concept of energy conservation and emission reduction had been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Thirdly, the government should collect the information of the enterprises' emission and emission trade, verify and publish some relevant emission data and trade data and establish the data base of the emission trade.
The concept of energy conservation and emission reduction had been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Thirdly, the government should collect the information of the enterprises' emission and emission trade, verify and publish some relevant emission data and trade data and establish the data base of the emission trade.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Serge Zhuiykov
The results obtained were similar to the previously published data for orthorhombic β-WO3.
The measured bandgap of exfoliated Q2D WO3 nano-flaked films was 2.60 eV, which was consistent with the reported data for bulk polycrystalline orthorhombic β-WO3 (from 2.62 21 to 2.90 eV) at room temperature.
Extra mechanical exfoliation, which is resulted in the formation of thinner nano-flakes in the films, resulted in the reduction of bandgap down to ~2.40 eV.
Collectively, these results confirm the presence of non-stoichiometric 2D WO3-x and the reduction of bandgap as a function of x.
This value correlates well with the previously published data for non-stoichiometric WO3-x.
The measured bandgap of exfoliated Q2D WO3 nano-flaked films was 2.60 eV, which was consistent with the reported data for bulk polycrystalline orthorhombic β-WO3 (from 2.62 21 to 2.90 eV) at room temperature.
Extra mechanical exfoliation, which is resulted in the formation of thinner nano-flakes in the films, resulted in the reduction of bandgap down to ~2.40 eV.
Collectively, these results confirm the presence of non-stoichiometric 2D WO3-x and the reduction of bandgap as a function of x.
This value correlates well with the previously published data for non-stoichiometric WO3-x.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Siva Sitthipong, Prawit Towatana, Amnuay Sitticharoenchai, Chaiyoot Meengam
Tensile Strength
>980 MPa
Yield Strength
>830 MPa
Brinell Hardness
285-352 HB
Percentage of elongation
>12%
Percentage of area reduction
>45%
Impact value (charpy test)
>59J/cm2
Table 3.
Tensile Strength 540 N/mm2 Yield Strength 460 N/mm2 Percentage of elongation 26% Percentage of area reduction 75% Impact value 47J Forming the Specimens from LB52 Hardfacing Surface that had been Created.
Results and Discussion Stress and cycle recorded data that make specimens fracture on Table 7 and display their relationship on the graph as shown in Fig. 1.
Stress and cycle recorded data.
Maddox, Best Practice guide on statistical analysis of fatigue data, International institute of welding, UK, 2003
Tensile Strength 540 N/mm2 Yield Strength 460 N/mm2 Percentage of elongation 26% Percentage of area reduction 75% Impact value 47J Forming the Specimens from LB52 Hardfacing Surface that had been Created.
Results and Discussion Stress and cycle recorded data that make specimens fracture on Table 7 and display their relationship on the graph as shown in Fig. 1.
Stress and cycle recorded data.
Maddox, Best Practice guide on statistical analysis of fatigue data, International institute of welding, UK, 2003
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xue Liang Lv, Jin Ping Zhang, Bin Zhang, Jin Zhang Qiu, Liang Ming Hu
According to the statistical data analysis, for many years, annual average water consumption life consumption, general industrial water consumption, electricity consumption accounts for the total water consumption were 63.81%, 29.53%, 6.67%.
With the development of the urbanization and the improvement of people's living standard, demand that people on the urban ecological environment will be increasingly high, urban ecological environment water consumption will increase increasingly, combined with historical data and long-term development goals, ecological environment water demand prediction in 2015 for 25850×104 m3.
Table 1 Total water demand forecast table of Zhengzhou center city(unit:104 m3) Sort Integrated Life Industry Ecological Environment Unforeseen Total Water Demand 36792 23720.63 25850 4841.01 91203.64 Considering the recent construction engineering and water saving measures of Zhengzhou, water supply amount of Zhengzhou center city in 2015 forecast for 115741.2×104 m3, specific data are shown in Table 2.
Specific measures are as follows: (1) Further strengthen the management of industrial water[2] (2) Optimize the industrial structure adjustment (3) Do a good job in high water industry technical transformation (4) Actively guide the industrial enterprises to save water (5) Promote intensive development of industrial agglomeration 1.4 Comprehensive Life Water Conservation The focus of comprehensive life water conservation reflected in the reduction of water pipe network dropout rate and the improvement of water-saving appliances.
An annual water savings about 94 million RMB or more, reducing the sewage treatment fee about 40 Million RMB, a corresponding investment reduction in the water supply, drainage, sewage treatment works up to ten billion RMB, easing the pressure on the water needs of Zhengzhou and has significant economic benefits.
With the development of the urbanization and the improvement of people's living standard, demand that people on the urban ecological environment will be increasingly high, urban ecological environment water consumption will increase increasingly, combined with historical data and long-term development goals, ecological environment water demand prediction in 2015 for 25850×104 m3.
Table 1 Total water demand forecast table of Zhengzhou center city(unit:104 m3) Sort Integrated Life Industry Ecological Environment Unforeseen Total Water Demand 36792 23720.63 25850 4841.01 91203.64 Considering the recent construction engineering and water saving measures of Zhengzhou, water supply amount of Zhengzhou center city in 2015 forecast for 115741.2×104 m3, specific data are shown in Table 2.
Specific measures are as follows: (1) Further strengthen the management of industrial water[2] (2) Optimize the industrial structure adjustment (3) Do a good job in high water industry technical transformation (4) Actively guide the industrial enterprises to save water (5) Promote intensive development of industrial agglomeration 1.4 Comprehensive Life Water Conservation The focus of comprehensive life water conservation reflected in the reduction of water pipe network dropout rate and the improvement of water-saving appliances.
An annual water savings about 94 million RMB or more, reducing the sewage treatment fee about 40 Million RMB, a corresponding investment reduction in the water supply, drainage, sewage treatment works up to ten billion RMB, easing the pressure on the water needs of Zhengzhou and has significant economic benefits.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Y. M. D. Adedeji, A. A. Taiwo
Goals of a sustainable building should include: resource and energy efficiency [9]; carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas emissions reduction[9]; pollution prevention; mitigation of noise; improved indoor air quality; harmonisation with the environment; low construction cost, modest maintenance, but return completely to the earth when abandoned [10].
Others include materials efficiency, elimination or reduction of generated waste; low toxicity; water conservation; affordability.
Research Methodology The data presented in this report were obtained from research conducted by the authors on building materials in Nigeria.
A well-structured questionnaire, designed to investigate variables on preference for the use of standardized wood-based materials for finishes over the conventional type was used to collect primary data.
Table 1: Distribution of Questionnaire within the Study Area S/No Geopolitical zone Town No of Questionnaire No of Responses 1 South West Akure 50 28 2 North Abuja 50 32 3 South South Port Harcourt 50 40 4 South East Enugu 50 20 Total 200 120 Source: Field survey, 2007 Besides, additional data for the study were obtained through case studies and observations carried out in these selected cities.
Others include materials efficiency, elimination or reduction of generated waste; low toxicity; water conservation; affordability.
Research Methodology The data presented in this report were obtained from research conducted by the authors on building materials in Nigeria.
A well-structured questionnaire, designed to investigate variables on preference for the use of standardized wood-based materials for finishes over the conventional type was used to collect primary data.
Table 1: Distribution of Questionnaire within the Study Area S/No Geopolitical zone Town No of Questionnaire No of Responses 1 South West Akure 50 28 2 North Abuja 50 32 3 South South Port Harcourt 50 40 4 South East Enugu 50 20 Total 200 120 Source: Field survey, 2007 Besides, additional data for the study were obtained through case studies and observations carried out in these selected cities.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Eddy S. Siradj, Dedi Priadi, Richard A. M. Napitupulu
The measurement data then calculated to get the strain value of every grid to verify the ratio of minor and mayor strain equal to zero as state of plane strain mechanism.
As expected, the forming liming strains value was closed to zero although the data on the hot tension was using the data on fracture condition.
Specimens were reheated until 900oC and deformed at temperature 800oC by using 50% reduction on hot tension and 45% on hot rolling. 3 μm 3 μm Fig. 8 Ferrite grain structure produced by (a) hot uniaxial tensile test with 50% reduction and (b) hot rolling process with 45%.
As expected, the forming liming strains value was closed to zero although the data on the hot tension was using the data on fracture condition.
Specimens were reheated until 900oC and deformed at temperature 800oC by using 50% reduction on hot tension and 45% on hot rolling. 3 μm 3 μm Fig. 8 Ferrite grain structure produced by (a) hot uniaxial tensile test with 50% reduction and (b) hot rolling process with 45%.