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In this case, the life curves are similar to those obtained for tensile hold time tests, and similar conclusions could be drawn concerning the influence of cyclic stress and lifetime reduction with stress level.
With this representation, FC results with hold time in tension and in compression could be reported on the same diagram with creep data.
It is shown that FC hold results are enclosed with creep results on a same slope, with only a small reduction of lifetime for creep-fatigue tests. 105 106 107 108 100 1000 600s Ten. 200s Ten. 260s Ten. 300s Ten. 1800s Ten.
The lifetime under TMFC-IP testing seems to be reduced comparing to the creep-fatigue data with equivalent hold time in tension (around 5 min).
Yue, Collection of the experiments data of nickel-base single crystal superalloy DD3, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an(2001) 2.

M.Mauermann, U.Eschenhagen et al[4], using Surface Plasmon Resonance Analyzer, studied the relationship between the change and friction reduction as well as wear-resisting of coating morphology, and demonstrated through experiment the coating of non-smooth coating morphology higher hardness and anti-wear ability.
Overall, most of papers pay more attention to the relationship between coating morphology and friction wear of traditional roughness and friction wear, and research methods are mostly limited to using 3D contour topography measurement instrument to acquire 3D topography or 2D contour curves for data processing.
Fig.4 Coating morphology initial Fig.5 Coating morphology after 500 times friction and F=14.7N From Fig.4 and Fig.5, the coating surface is composed of many irregular pits and bumps, and its pits distribution rate is 33.07% and 25.16% based on process of wear coating morphology mapping set morphology images, and coating fractal dimension is 2.388 and 2.440 based on the Discrete Fractional Brownian Random Field Fig.6 shows the data record curve of fractional wear under the condition of different load.
Fig.6 Wear data curve provided different F 3.2 Analysis of coating morphology and wear rules The relationship between pits distribution rate and wear volume from Fig.7.
Surface modifications-Application potential for the reduction of cleaning costs in the food processing industry[J].

According to a series of hydrologic data analysis from 1956 to 2000 a total of 45 years, The quantity of Surface water resources totaled 1.56 billion m3.
Through the river of measured runoff data interpolation extend and year after year reduction (reduction of water 1979 years ago by the first 1980 gansu province water resources evaluation results, 1980 ~ 1995, the results of the ninth five-year plan of the research project, from 1996 to 2000 for the planning survey achievement).
(3) The dynamic characteristics of groundwater for underground water level is continue to decline.Over-exploitation lead groundwater water leve continue to decline.The basin of Shiyang river , From 1980 to 2003, a comparative analysis of the measured data of underground water level of the results, which is known that Wuwei basin ground water levels fall of the mean value of 6 ~ 7 m, 0.31 m/a reduced rate

In some cases, it was a success to maintain relatively small size of the core subjected to the temperatures as high as temperature of carbothermal reduction of the corresponding oxide [10,12].
The values of specific surface area (SSA) were obtained from the data of a low-temperature argon adsorption using an ASAP-2400 instrument.
Table 1 shows the data on the specific surface area evolution during the calcination in argon at varied temperatures.
Nevertheless, it also follows from the data that the carbon shell works quite efficiently serving as a textural promoter and preventing the direct contact of the oxide nanoparticles (cores) that leads to their sintering.
In the cases of the TiO2@C and Al2O3@C systems, it was reported that small sizes of the oxide core along with corresponding phase composition (anatase in the case of TiO2 and δ-phase in the case of Al2O3) can be maintained up to the temperatures of carbothermal reduction of the oxide core (about 900 °C for TiO2 and 1400 °C for Al2O3).

Recent rotating bending fatigue experiments [10]–[13], conducted on 7075-T6 specimens by step loading testing at 2e5 cycles, identified a limited reduction in terms of fatigue strength S2e5 of 70 and 40 MPa for WC/C and DLC respectively, against reductions of roughly 100 MPa found for TiN and ZrN coatings [5], [6].
This aspect is also observable in the reduced slope of the coated specimens’ data points, a behaviour which was found due to residual stresses on steel substrates [7], but not yet on light alloys [5], [6].
The comparison with literature data showed that most of the loss is attributable to the thermal effects alone, highlighting a beneficial mechanical interaction between the coating and the substrate, as found also in SEM observations.
Moreover, the fatigue strength of the specimens matches the results in air for 1e7 cycles, due to the reduced slope of the fatigue data points, indicating a likely beneficial contribution of deposition residual stresses.

Twinning is believed to increase the flow stress directly by inducing back stress due to dislocation pile-ups against twin boundaries [2] or indirectly by promoting dislocation multiplication via the reduction of the dislocation mean free path [3].
Besides, some AR plates were warm-rolled at 573 K with different thickness reduction (10%, 25%, 35% and 44%, the samples were labelled as WR10, WR25, WR35 and WR44, hereafter).
The Hall-Petch relation was used to fit the data (as shown by the solid line in Fig. 1(b)), which leads to σy,annealing=238.3+500.3/d
Based on this data, the present TWIP steel should have a solid solution hardening of 232.2 MPa, which agrees well with the experimental value.
A linear fitting of the data (as shown by the solid line in Fig. 3(d)) produces a α of 0.136.

Any reduction in this flexibility, coupled with a diminishment in the clip's internal clearance, compromises its ability to perform its intended function of lock attachment.
The device then calculates the reduction in weight resulting from the moisture evaporation and seamlessly proportionate it with the total weight of the sample under scrutiny.
Using the data in the table, 2 different graphs were created in order to better read the situation visually (Fig.3).
Through meticulous analysis of the experimental data, we have arrived at a crucial determination: the addition of GFR at a precise rate of 15% during the manufacturing process bestows remarkable advantages.
[6] RADWAG The MA.R series Data sheet [7] Abubakar Sani Ali, Aylin Tas, William Hayes, Bukola Onarinde, Moisture content determination of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. cv.

An increase in the Li addition results in the transformation of α (hcp) → α + β (bcc) → β and also an improvement of ductility along with the reduction in the mechanical strength and inferior corrosion resistance [3, 4].
Historically, crystallographic texture data was determined by X-ray or neutron diffraction for bulk texture measurement where as local crystallographic texture information has been resolved by transmission electron microscopy and electron channeling [11, 13].
Starting with a thickness of 12 mm, the total thickness reduction given was 5 to reach a thickness of 2 mm.
In order to support the evidence of recrystallization, the grain average misorientation (GAM) was calculated for the rolled sample from the EBSD data (see Fig. 4b).
For a given grain, the average misorientation was calculated between all neighboring data points in the grain.

Based on these data, individual tangents can be determined on the three-phase interface and hence the contact angle between the liquid and the solid.
Tab. 3: Determined surface energy and contact angles Sample Contact angles [°] Surface energy [mJ.m-2], Acid-base model Water Glycerol Ethylene glycol γtotal γLW γAB A 125.5 ± 2.8 132.9 ± 6.5 126.0 ± 4.6 4.44 2.67 1.77 A + pig 119.7 ± 9.3 125.9 ± 6.4 122.2 ± 7.7 3.11 0.61 2.50 B 130.1 ± 3.1 130.4 ± 5.9 122.3 ± 4.2 6.68 5.56 1.12 B + pig 134.1 ± 3.1 131.9 ± 7.2 126.9 ± 1.7 2.20 2.04 0.16 C 118.9 ± 3.1 122.1 ± 6.2 98.0 ± 3.7 73.73 68.03 5.70 D 120.7 ± 3.3 124.4 ± 6.7 98.0 ± 4.1 85.13 80.91 4.22 REF 99.9 ± 5.9 115.4 ± 7.2 84.4 ± 7.2 146.09 112.90 33.19 Evaluation of Results The data indicate that the application of selected hydrophobic agent on ceramic masonry blocks greatly reduces the surface energy of this blocks.
In all cases, when was calculating surface energy with using acid-base method (Lifshitz-Van der Waals), the total surface energy γtotal [J.m-2] was significantly reduction, was significantly lower compared to the value obtained by measuring surface energy on the reference sample (REF) 146.1 mJ.m-2.
For individual components, apolar component Lifshitz–Van der Walls interaction γLW [J.m-2] and polar component acid–base interaction γAB [J.m-2], here was also a clearly identifiable reduction in surface energy values.
The obtained data determine the dependence between capillary absorption at 24 hours and surface energy γtotal [J.m-2]

All the data presented are the results of our work within the framework of our research Institute.
It should be noted, that the degree of hydration of cement, when using water-reducing components following with reduction of water-cement ratio, is increased.
№ Composition SP Quantity [%] W/C Compressive strength, [MPa] Porosity, [%] BET Specific surface area, [m2/g] Loss in strength*, [%] 1 Cement1 - 0,320 53,5 12,5 6,1848 46 2 Cement1 + SP1 0,7 0,300 77,2 8,3 7,4586 10 3 Cement1 + SP2 0,7 0,280 67,1 7,5 5,1101 14 4 Cement1 + SP3 0,7 0,280 71,3 9,7 5,6849 20 *after 30 cycles of freezing/thawing Even after water-requirement reduction, there is an increase in the contact area of cement grains and water for the reasons described previously [7].
Figure 1 summarizes the volumetric pore size distribution data obtained by BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) for desorption.
Data obtained by X-ray diffraction recorded diffraction reflections of ettringite, which is not typical for OPC (9,5905 and 2,2920 Å).