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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Qiao Qiao Li, Hong Yan Song, Ai She Shui, Yuan Hui Li, Yong Hong Shui
In order to look for differences among cycles, the data was divided into a warm season with the average temperatures above 20℃, and a cool season with the average temperatures below 10℃.
But the temperature was an insignificant factor on COD reduction, as there is a particular ecological environment and a complicated food cycle on the plant and bio-film of the pretreatment system where the reduction of pollutant concentration was completed in the special ecological environment.
What’s more, the results of the study by Tushenghui et al show that the temperature was unrelated to the organic matter reduction and our study also show that the influent concentration may be a factor leading the higher COD removal in cold season.
It is because of the short duration of the low temperature in cold season in Chengdu area, as shown in Fig.2 where only two cycles existed when the temperature below 5℃, that further study is necessary on how the temperature influenced the COD reduction.
During this period the pretreatment system showed a significant reduction of main pollutant (TP, TN, NH3-N and COD) concentrations.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Hui-Zhen Kang, Chen Ti Hu
Both ends of the tubes were mechanically sealed, then cold rolled to a 55~60% reduction in area with a rolling mill (DBR250).
Preliminary heated specimens are then cold rolled to a 26~30% reduction in area to collapse and eliminate any remaining pores generated during the heating stage.
The TMT0 specimens subjected to cold rolling with a 14~17% reduction in area, then annealed at 1200o C for 2 hrs are called TMT1.
The specimens of TMT1 treated with another cycles of 7% reduction in cold rolling and annealed at Ni, Al, NiB α-Al2O3 particles Fe, Al, α-Al2O3 particles Mixing and sealing into 304SS sheath Cold rolling to 60% reduction of area Preliminary heating the compact powder with outer sheath at 650 o C for 30min at <10-3 Pa(TMT0) Sintering at 1200 o C for 30min at <10-3Pa Repeated cycles of cold rolling (16%, 7%) and intermediate annealing at 1200o C for 2hr at <10-3Pa (TMT1,TMT2) Fig1.
The wear test data of a stainless steel specimen (310SS) is also included for the reference purpose, as it exhibits a comparable hardness to the metal matrix.
Online since: October 2021
Authors: Aidyn Tugelbayev, Islam Orynbassarov, Umut Bektimirova, Chang Seon Shon, Jong Ryeol Kim
(a) Expansion characteristics (b) Reduction of sulfate attack expansion Fig. 3.
The reduction in the expansion of mortar mixtures due to sulfate attack was calculated using Equation (1).
The effect of GGBFS on the reduction of sulfate attack expansion is resented in Fig. 3 (b).
The reduction in expansion of OPC mixture increased over time.
The mass of all mixtures has continuously grown over time, which indicates that there is no spalling yet and supports the expansion data.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Yvan Houbaert, Tanya Ros-Yáñez, Pablo Rodriguez-Calvillo, R. Colas
Raw data of load and displacement were acquired and transformed in the true stress - true strain curves.
Samples of alloys B and D quenched in water after hot rolling were cold rolled in a large series of passes from 1.7mm down to 0.5mm with 72% of total reduction without experiencing edge cracks.
However, the water quenched samples exhibited a higher ductility in cold rolling, while smaller reduction (64%) for alloy D could be achieved in samples air cooled after hot rolling and in some occasions edge cracks appeared.
Total reductions of 70% can be achieved during cold rolling without cracks experiences 9) .
Finishing the hot rolling at temperatures not lower than 900°C and fast cooling rates (> 400 °C/sec) are recommended in order to cold rolled the material without crack problems until reductions of 70% [4].
Online since: September 2017
Authors: V.V. Zimich
A reduction in the attractiveness of the urban image of industrial cities.
But this method has not found wide application because of the significant reduction in the strength of the produced material.
Reduction of hygroscopicity of magnesia construction materials can be achieved by staining them, introducing into the water-repellent, using as a mixing magnesium and iron sulfate [10, 14-16] as well as the use of modifying additives [4, 5, 17, 18].
Researches’ analysis in the industry shows that most of the works had no quality control of the binder, no data on the working concentration of a mixing chloride and magnesium sulfate, information about methods of introducing additives into the binder, as well as the results of the strength of the emerging magnesia stone and its phase composition.
The maximum reduction of the hygroscopicity of chlorine magnesium stone promotes the use additives as a modifier for binder such as iron ore sinter or slag from Nickel production, containing in its composition the cations of bivalent and trivalent iron at the same time.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xue Jun Zhao, Yang Yang
CART algorithm is simple, suitable, speed for large sample data calculation.
If the data set S divided into two parts S1 and S2 by attribute A, the Gini coefficient changes to: Ginis=S1S*GiniS1+S2S*GiniS2 Classify node data according to the smallest attribute of Gini coefficient.
Pruning process need balance and compromise between checking the error classification in data concentration and the number of decision points in the pruning trees to get the data model without the effect of noise in the training data.
Continuing this way, produce some continuous the trees with a reduction in the number of nodes until only one node of the tree.
The first is too rely on some key attributes, namely small Gini coefficient attributes can largely impact assessment results; The second is the demand high on integrity of coal mine enterprise data, Data noise processing not good enough or enterprise lack parts of important attribute data will seriously affect the evaluation results.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Jiang Cui, Xiao Bing Xu
Production-in-product lifecycle management to forms and essential element of a Digital Manufacturing approach that enhances competitiveness of industrial enterprises by the reduction of times and costs for product creation and order fulfillment.
Accordingly the datasets of the individual systems have to be converted in a laborious, often manual manner and the consistency of the overall stock of data and information has to be ensured by additional measures [2-3].
Fig. 1 Characteristics of evaluation methods Production-in-product lifecycle management is based on a modeling approach that enables the consideration of the production system model on the level of detail that is appropriate for the respective task, thereby facilitating the application of suitable methods and tools with regard to the comprehensiveness of data and information needed and the corresponding efforts [7].
Based on the objectives, characteristics and approach for Production-in-product lifecycle management, the following first high-level requirements for the implementation of a Production-in-product lifecycle management and its technical approach can be summarized: 1) The implementation has to support the understanding and collaboration of humans from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds already on a cultural level. 2) The approach has to support work and information flows based on suitable organizational processes. 3) The technology use has to facilitate the integration of or at least seamless exchange of data between a multiplicity of software systems. 4) The model underlying the implementation has to enable the work on varying levels of detail and abstraction.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Mahmod Abd Hakim Mohamad, Wan Ali Wan Mat, Mohamad Hafiz Zainol Abidin, Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
The use of natural fiber reinforcement foam could give a great advantages in weigh reduction which very useful in military mobility and transportability.
Axial force and cross plate displacement were recorded digitally using PC based data recording equipment.
All the data plotted in graph indentation depth versus percentage of kenaf in foam as shown in Fig. 6.
All the data can be plotted in graph indentation depth versus thickness of foam as shown in Fig. 7.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yu Liu, Qian Xi Yin, Guo Dong Feng, Qing Dang Wang, Feng Bian, Hong Tao Hu
Using GT-POWER to simulate a diesel engine’s injection timing, calibrating simulation model has been done according to experimental data.
The model’s boundary conditions and the inlet/outlet conditions are obtained from experiment data.
During the set of intake and exhaust valves’ parameters (size of the valves, valves’ clearance and valves’ lift curves), all of them are set according to the original experiment data.
By comparison with the experimental data, it can conclude that the GT-POWER can simulate the operation of the engine accurately.
[3] Toshitaka Minamietal:Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx using Pilot injection .SAE Paper, 95061
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Li Siang Luo, Chun Ching Hsiao
The sensitivity of the fabricated ZnO gas sensors had a more outstanding performance about 49%, compared to the literature data reported by Joshi.
Moreover, the AD method can achieve fine patterning [7-8] and fabricate a dense structure by the reduction of crystallite size by fracture or plastic deformation at room temperature [5-6].
Table 1 Experimental parameters for the ZnO film deposited by the AD Item Data Starting powder ZnO (530nm in average diameter) Pressure difference between deposition and aerosol chambers 140 (Torr) Carrier gas Nitrogen Consumption of carrier gas 3 (L/min) Orifice size of nozzle 0.4×10 (mm×mm) Substrate temperature 25 (℃) Deposition area 70×70 (mm×mm) Distance between nozzle and substrate 5 (mm) Scanning rate 10 (mm/s) Deposition rate 8.2 (nm/s) Sensor preparation and measurement The ZnO gas sensor comprised a substrate with a silicon nitride layer, a heater (Pt/Ti), a pair of comb-like electrodes and a porous ZnO sensing film, as schematically depicted in Fig. 1.
This automatic measurement of gas sensing system mainly used NI LabVIEW system consisted of a case of NI PXIe-1082, a controller of NI PXIe-8135, a data acquisition card of NI PXIe-6366 and a software of NI LabVIEW 2012.
The sensitivity of the fabricated sensors had a finer performance about 49%, compared to the literature data reported by Joshi.
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