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For materials whose static strength is small or zero, e.g., sand or water, the depth of penetration is no larger than 100 times the size.
Journal of Physics and Thermophysics, 2002, V.75, #3, P. 753-770
Proceedings of USSR Academy of Sciences, Mechanics, 1987, V. 292, # 6, P.1319-1322
Engineering Physics, National Academy of Science, Belarus, Minsk, 2002, V. 75, #4
Journal of South-Ural State University, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry Series, 2006, Is.7, P.157-163 [6] 7.

Hu, International Journal of Measurement Science and Technology.18, 1 (2007) [3] S.
Simpson, Science and Technology of welding and joining, 14, 2(2009) [5] G.
Pal, Journal Material Process and Technology, 210, 1 (2010) [7] J.
Simpson, Science and Technology of welding and Joining, 13, 1, (2008) [14] H.
Jingbin, Journal Material Process Technology, 209, (2009)

First a quick review of smart materials is provided.
Smart Materials Smart materials is the name given to a class of materials that exhibit the ability to change mechanical force and motion into some other form of energy and visa versa.
More detailed descriptions of smart materials can be found in [1-3].
Culshaw: Smart structures and Materials (Artech House, 1996) [4] C.
Sohn: "Structural Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensing Systems with Embedded Processing," Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, to appear.

Kurzydlowski1,c 1 Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland akingac@inmat.pw.edu.pl, bmalew@inmat.pw.edu.pl, ckjk@inmat.pw.edu.pl Keywords: hydrostatic extrusion, nano-structured materials, grain refinement, mechanical properties.
Materials and Methods The material used in this study was Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7475) aluminium alloy.
Res. 98 (2007) 172-177 [4] Garbacz H., Lewandowska M., Pachla W., Kurzydlowski K.J.: Journal of Microscopy 223 (2006),p. 272-274 [5] Wawer K., Lewandowska M., Kurzydlowski K.J.: Materials Science Forum Vols. 584-586 (2008), p. 541-546 [6] Zhao Y.H., Liao X.Z., Jin Z., Valiev R.Z., Zhu Y.T.: Acta Materialia Vol 52 (2004), p. 4589-4599 [7] Kim W.J., Chung C.S., Ma D.S., Hong S.I., Kim H.K.: Scripta Mater. 49 (2003), p. 333-338 [8] Kim J.K., Jeong H.G., Hong S.I., Kim Y.S., Kim W.J.: Scripta Mater. 45 (2001), p. 901-907 [9] Dadbakhsh S., Karimi Taheri A., Shmith C.W.: Materials Science and Engineering A 527 (2010), p. 4758-4766 [10] Wawer K., Lewandowska M., Wieczorek A., Aifantis E.C., Zehetbauer M., Kurzydlowski K.J.: Kovove Mater. 47 (2009), p. 325-332 [11] Information on http://www.matweb.com [12] Zhao Y.H., Liao X.Z., Jin Z., Valiev R.Z., Zhu Y.T.: Acta Materialia Vol 52 (2004), p. 4589-4599 [13] Immarigeon, J.
-P., Holt, R.T.; Koul, A.K.; Zhao, L.; Wallace, W.; Beddoes, J.C.: Materials Characterization Vol. 35 (1995), p. 41-67 [14] Gao N., Starink M.
J., Furukawa M., Horita Z., Xu Ch., Langdon T.G.: Materials Science Forum, 503-504 (2006), p. 275-280 [15] Starink M.J., Gao N., Furukawa M., Horsta Z., Xu Ch., Langdon T.G.: Advanced Materials Science, Vol. 7 (2004), p. 1-12 [16] Li X., Starink M.J.: Materials Science Forum Vol. 331-337 (2000), p. 1071-1076

The products is manufactured from product design which can use the advanced characteristic of composite materials obtained by the experiment and the numerical analysis.
Here, the collaboration of the design and the strength analysis by using composite materials is carried out.
The products, which are made from high strength composite materials, need new product design technology which draws out the characteristic of material's advantage.
Introduction Composite materials have been paid attention as structural members which can achieve weight saving and structure unification.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [5] P.G.

The shape and size of luminescent materials with suitable host matrix and technique of solution preparation are important parameters in achieving desired optical properties [5].
Recently, new photonics materials including several polymeric materials having improved properties (high transparency in the visible and near-infrared spectra, controllable refractive indices and good thermal stability) has attracted great interest among the researcher to make it as a host for rare-earth ions [10].
Lin, Preparation and luminescence properties of Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanofibers by sol-gel/electrospinning process, Journal of colloid and interface science, vol. 349, no. 1, pp. 166–72, Sep. 2010
Banerjee, Synthesis of Er3+ and Er3+: Yb3+ doped sol-gel derived silica glass and studies on their optical properties, Bulletin of Materials, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 367–372, 2004
Suzuki, Properties and structure of poly (vinyl alcohol)/silica composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 74, pp. 133–138, 1999

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (1996) [5] K.Manabe, M.Amino.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2002) [6] S.J.Yuan, G.Liu, X.S.Wang, Z.R.Wang.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2004) [9] F.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2002) [10] P.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (1997) [12] F.

The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials [J].
ACI materials journal, 1991, 88(3):257-264
Smart Materials and Structures, 1992(1):57-62
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1998(4):385-394
Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2008,24(1):72~76

Wang: Journal of Aeronautical Materials, Vol. 26 (2006), p. 244-250 [2] S.F.
Yan: Journal of Aeronautical Materials, Vol. 23 (2003), p. 233-238 [3] W.M.
Ridgway: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 200 (2008), p. 424-432 [5] A.
Thomas: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 458 (2007), p. 195-201 [8] R.
Yang: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 207 (2008), p. 180-186

Materials and Methods In this work, high purity Ni and TiH2 powders were used to form near equiatomic NiTi.
Canadinc, Evaluation of the biocompatibility of NiTi dental wires: A comparison of laboratory experiments and clinical conditions, Materials Science and Engineering: C. 40, 142-147, 2014
Zhu, Microstructure and martensitic transformation behavior of porous NiTi shape memory alloy prepared by hot isostatic pressing processing, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 382, 181-187, 2004
Sikong, Characteristics and compressive properties of porous NiTi alloy synthesized by SHS technique, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 515, 93-97, 2009
Luo, et al., Microstructure, mechanical properties and superelasticity of biomedical porous NiTi alloy prepared by microwave sintering, Materials Science and Engineering: C. 46, 387-393, 2015