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In this paper, air bending is simulated using finite element method, but simulation parameters directly affected prediction precision.
But, air bending is influenced by a combination of various process parameters, such as the tool shape and dimension, the temperature change and frictional contact condition, the material properties, and so on.
In analysis process of forming, one of the most important factors is the calculation of springback.
Journal of Mechanical Working Technology, 1989, 19: 233-238 [3] Livatyali, H., Wu H.C., Altan T..
Springback after the biaxial elastic-plastic pure bending of a rectangular plate—I[J].International journal of mechanical sciences,1981, 23: 619-630 [6] T.X.Yu, W.

Material properties For determination of significance of the retardation effects very commonly used steels EA1N and EA4T were considered.
Due to very good plastic properties the EA4T steel in not so sensitive to high overloading.
This is very sought-after property for application of the EA4T steel.
Hughes: Influence of yield strength on overload affected fatigue crack growth behavior in 4340 steel, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory (1974) [4] M.
Beier: Parameters affecting the damage tolerance behaviour of railway axles, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78 (2011), p. 214 [6] P.

Stress intensity factors are important parameters to compute fatigue crack propagation rate.
Introduction Due to good mechanical properties at room temperature, good weld ability and corrosion resistance, 5XXXaluminum alloy are widely used in housing construction, automobile manufacturing, ship structural, etc.
Stress intensity factor is an important parameter to compute fatigue crack propagation rate, and the change of stress field distribution and the stress intensity factor at crack tip will directly affect the fatigue crack propagation rate.
Meshing does not need to conform to the geometric properties of crack in extended finite element analysis, and a geometric description of crack becomes the key point to simplify the track of a crack.
XFEM was used to calculate stress distribution and stress intensity factors and C3D8R unit with 6006 units and 19200 nodes were adopted.

This investigation aims to experimentally find out the reasons causing grinding wheel wear and the factors influencing smoothness.
The present work is to analyze the reasons causing grinding wheel wear and the factors influencing smoothness respectively according to the change of the dimension of the grinding wheels and the smoothness of the surface of stone products, which is used to decide the grinding technology for granite.
Under a certain processing technology, the reasons which influence grinding wheel wear can be found by means of the change in diameter of grinding wheels and the factors which affect smoothness can be analyzed by means of the change of the smoothness of stone surface machined.
The mineral content and the physical property of the stones are shown in Table 3.
Factors Influencing the Smoothness of Stone Surface.

Statistical parameter for different loads of load combination Types of load Permanent load Office live load Live load of residence Wind load Mean value 1.060 0.700 0.859 0.999 Coefficient of variation 0.070 0.290 0.233 0.193 To obtain the uncertain factors about calculation model, the ratio of measured value over calculated value for the bearing capacity of members is needed, and then the mean value and variation coefficient can be calculated and mean value of uncertain factors about calculation model (µKP) and variation coefficient (δKP) can be finally obtained.
Table 3 list the uncertain factors about calculation model of cold-formed thin-wall steel structure under axial compression, flexure, eccentric compression condition.
Since the members studied in this paper have superior mechanical property, the failure is defined as ductile failure and the value of [β] is 3.2.
Journal of Chongqing architectural engineering institute . 1985(1): 36～41 [3] Guoxin Dai, Longchun Li, Zhenzhong Xia etc. building structural steels new material properties statistics and analysis of .
The Calculation of The Residual Stresses Affecting The Whole Stability of The axil Center Pressure Bar of Thin-Wall Shaped Steel .

Improvement in mechanical properties can be achieved by adding nanosilica fillers.
Silica particles are the most commonly used particles to improve the mechanical properties of silicone elastomers.
Adding filler particles to the maxillofacial silicone can benefit in increasing mechanical properties.
Therefore, this can be one of the factors that cause a decrease in the tensile strength of concentrated clean grade silicone fillers.
The mechanical properties of silicone depend on the effectiveness of mixing.

Study on High-Frequency Fatigue Properties of PVD AlTiN Coating of Cutting Tool N.C.
Many researches focus on the fatigue properties of coating of cutting tool [5-6], but few researches consider the influence of the high-frequency impact.
The failure mechanism and high frequency fatigue properties of coating under impact have been analyzed.
The research results show that the expansion of radial and lateral crack are determined by indenter radius R, the normal force F, coating and substrate adhesion and mechanical properties of the substrate.
(3)The adhesion strength of coating with the substrate may influence the high-frequency fatigue properties.

The degree of dispersion of aluminosilicate and silica components is one of the important factors in the "mineral component - alkaline grout" system [6-9].
The obtained dependences of the specific surface area of mineral powders on the duration of fine grinding allowed us to establish that the grinding process is rather laborious and is determined by various factors.
Krivenko Operational properties of concrete on slag-alkali cement, Building materials and structures (1980). 4.
Davidovits, Geopolymer Chemistiy and Properties, Proceed. 1st Europ.Conf. on Soft Mineralurgy "Geopolymer 88", France (1988). pp. 25-48
Muraviov, Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete using composite binders.

The weak point of this polymers is a non-negative effect of water (sorption or formed during processing into products) on the thermal and physico-mechanical properties.
It is the processes of thermohydrolysis that noticeably worsen the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained products.
This behavior indicates the crosslinking of PPSePP even before they are processed into products, which leads to a deterioration in their physical and mechanical properties and processability.
Nevertheless, physico-mechanical properties and processing conditions are noticeably deteriorating.
Nazabal, Processability, morphology and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced poly(ether sulfone) modified by a liquid crystalline copolyester, Polymer composites. 24 (2003) 686-696

Various nanoparticles of metal and their oxides have been recognized to possess antibacterial properties.
Biofilm formation is a complex phenomenon and it depends on various factors which affect the growth of microbial species on industrial equipments such as nutrient availability, variations in water velocity, turbulence, temperature effects, metallic surface morphology etc.
As it was discussed in the article, the erosion of the copper from the paint adversely affects the antifouling properties of the paint, it is thus vital that the metal do not leach out of the paint.
The sea water was evaluated for its properties and is given in Table -1.
Table -1, Physico-chemical properties of sea water.