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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Stefano Damiano Barbati, Marco Pasetto
Another statistical result that has to be taken into account is the distribution of data: it should be not Gaussian, the gap between mean value and both the 15- and 85-percentiles not being balanced.
As a consequence of the variation in results, taking into account a strength filtering of the dataset (statistical and layout filtering is time consuming for the purposes of this study), it was decided to perform a summary of the data.
As the stress time increases there is an increase of the data dispersion.
On average, the reduction of the optical performances over the time is non-linear and presents a peculiarity at around 12 months.
In the majority of cases there is a reduction in the value of the performance, nevertheless this reduction is not monotonic.
As a consequence of the variation in results, taking into account a strength filtering of the dataset (statistical and layout filtering is time consuming for the purposes of this study), it was decided to perform a summary of the data.
As the stress time increases there is an increase of the data dispersion.
On average, the reduction of the optical performances over the time is non-linear and presents a peculiarity at around 12 months.
In the majority of cases there is a reduction in the value of the performance, nevertheless this reduction is not monotonic.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Basim O. Hasan, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Mustafa M. Hathal
This study has evaluated nine empirical correlations using an experimental data bank consisting of 1504 data points for 8 distinct gas-liquid combinations and 19 tube diameters ranging from 5.00 mm to 57.1 mm.
Agitated tank, 3.Coiled heater, 4.Agitator motor, 5.Air pump, 6.Temperature data-logger, 7.
Each time a temperature reading was taken (every 5 seconds), the data logger would save it.
When analyzing the experimental data, the size of the bubbles was determined by comparing the picture pixels to the impeller shaft.
Rao, “Heat transfer and gas holdup in a two-phase bubble column: Air-water system — Review and new data,” Exp.
Agitated tank, 3.Coiled heater, 4.Agitator motor, 5.Air pump, 6.Temperature data-logger, 7.
Each time a temperature reading was taken (every 5 seconds), the data logger would save it.
When analyzing the experimental data, the size of the bubbles was determined by comparing the picture pixels to the impeller shaft.
Rao, “Heat transfer and gas holdup in a two-phase bubble column: Air-water system — Review and new data,” Exp.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Zhong Yuan Yang
Rockfall Motion Trace of Road Slope Based on
Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method
Zhongyuan YANG
Zhejiang Institute of Communications, Jinjiadu, Moganshan Road, hangzhou, 311112 china
yangzy@zjvtit.edu.cn
Key words: Geotechnical engineering; Rockfall; Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method; Motion trace; Disaster prevention and reduction.
The movement of the perilous rockfall trace and impact energy were calculated[1][2][3] based on data obtained and theory of mechanics and kinematics principle.
The movement of the perilous rockfall trace and impact energy were calculated[1][2][3] based on data obtained and theory of mechanics and kinematics principle.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xiao Biao Lv, Yi Quan Zou, Jun Xu, Yan Yan Huang
It is also a central data repository to store and recall different kinds of project information through creating a 3D model as well as providing intelligent data for this model.
Moreover, it is essentially graphical “reports” of the underlying model data.
BIM is a central data repository to store and recall different kinds of information about projects through creating a 3D model and adding intelligent data in it.
In the database, the design information of BIM is saved as digital data that is convenient to update and share (refer to Fig. 1).
Conclusions BIM makes a breakthrough in traditional 2D design and reliance on paper-based data transactions.
Moreover, it is essentially graphical “reports” of the underlying model data.
BIM is a central data repository to store and recall different kinds of information about projects through creating a 3D model and adding intelligent data in it.
In the database, the design information of BIM is saved as digital data that is convenient to update and share (refer to Fig. 1).
Conclusions BIM makes a breakthrough in traditional 2D design and reliance on paper-based data transactions.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Romildo Dias Toledo Filho, Saulo Rocha Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Lopes Lima, Flávio Andrade Silva
The load and mid-span displacement, using a LVDT, were continuously recorded using a data acquisition system.
It is observed that with the hornification, there is a significant reduction in the variation of the cross section area of the fiber.
That happens because of the process of drying which causes a significant reduction in the large pores and a reduction in surface area.
After treatment, however, the fibers showed an increase of 5.2% and 38.7% for tensile strength and tensile strain, respectively, and 8.7% reduction in modulus of elasticity.
Under drying the composites comes into equilibrium with the ambient humidity and the water loss of the fiber results in a reduction of it’s cross section area and consequently the bonding is reduced It is believed that a reduction in the dimensional changes obtained in the present study with the hornification process resulted in improvements to the fiber-matrix adhesion.
It is observed that with the hornification, there is a significant reduction in the variation of the cross section area of the fiber.
That happens because of the process of drying which causes a significant reduction in the large pores and a reduction in surface area.
After treatment, however, the fibers showed an increase of 5.2% and 38.7% for tensile strength and tensile strain, respectively, and 8.7% reduction in modulus of elasticity.
Under drying the composites comes into equilibrium with the ambient humidity and the water loss of the fiber results in a reduction of it’s cross section area and consequently the bonding is reduced It is believed that a reduction in the dimensional changes obtained in the present study with the hornification process resulted in improvements to the fiber-matrix adhesion.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Tong Yu
Compared with the 2003 version, the 2010 version emphasizes green products and services, energy conservation and emissions reduction in the hotels, refines the division of functions, and adds a lot of new terms.
Green products and services, energy conservation and emissions reduction would be the future direction and scale in the building of the hotel.
For example, it requires hotels a 20% reduction in pollution emissions based on the original, and to formulate environmental emissions scheme corresponding to the hotel star.
Green citizens’ selection module is set up, applying the comprehensive intelligent systems, according to energy-saving and emission reduction data, the guests can be named as green citizens.
If the guest achieves energy conservation and emissions reduction goals, he can gain bonus marks and cash discount.
Green products and services, energy conservation and emissions reduction would be the future direction and scale in the building of the hotel.
For example, it requires hotels a 20% reduction in pollution emissions based on the original, and to formulate environmental emissions scheme corresponding to the hotel star.
Green citizens’ selection module is set up, applying the comprehensive intelligent systems, according to energy-saving and emission reduction data, the guests can be named as green citizens.
If the guest achieves energy conservation and emissions reduction goals, he can gain bonus marks and cash discount.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Jian Zhong Cui, Ren Guo Guan, Hua Ding, Ying Long Li, Ge Zhou, Fu Rong Cao
Mg-6Li-3Zn alloy sheets were prepared by melting and casting, and heavy rolling with a total reduction of 94%.
Young’s modulus data in literature [22] were fitted to get EMg=52607-25.58 T(MPa).
When the shear modulus compensated stress datum point falls into specific deformation mechanism regime, that regime will reveal specific mechanism.
The rest may be deduced by analogy for other datum points.
Due to DP=Db[14], the data were substituted into above model, (σ/G)cri=6.54×10-4.
Young’s modulus data in literature [22] were fitted to get EMg=52607-25.58 T(MPa).
When the shear modulus compensated stress datum point falls into specific deformation mechanism regime, that regime will reveal specific mechanism.
The rest may be deduced by analogy for other datum points.
Due to DP=Db[14], the data were substituted into above model, (σ/G)cri=6.54×10-4.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Jian Zhang, Kai Lu, Gang Liu
This system is on the base of Energy planning data, which has characteristics of statistics, comparable, quantifiable from the enterprise level.
Goal layer Criterion layer Index layer Enterprise energy planning strategy choice Economic factors C1:Energy cost (105 Yuan) C2:Carbon tax price (105 Yuan) C3:Operation and maintenance cost (105 Yuan) Environmental factors C4:GHG emissions (102 tons) C5:GHG emission reductions (102 tons) Technical factors C6:Energy efficiency (%) C7:Security (0~100) Economic principles C1: Energy cost Including total investment of traditional fossil fuels and clean energy in the process of purchase, transportation and use, it is an important economic factor of the enterprise energy planning.
C5: The greenhouse gas emission reductions To use clean energy or advanced technology can achieve the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as CO2 equivalent expression.
So in the index system, the greenhouse gas emission reductions, energy efficiency and safety of three indicators belong to efficiency index, everything else is cost index.
The energy cost, the carbon tax price, operation and maintenance costs and greenhouse gas emissions are cost indicators, greenhouse gas emission reductions, energy efficiency and security are efficiency indicators.
Goal layer Criterion layer Index layer Enterprise energy planning strategy choice Economic factors C1:Energy cost (105 Yuan) C2:Carbon tax price (105 Yuan) C3:Operation and maintenance cost (105 Yuan) Environmental factors C4:GHG emissions (102 tons) C5:GHG emission reductions (102 tons) Technical factors C6:Energy efficiency (%) C7:Security (0~100) Economic principles C1: Energy cost Including total investment of traditional fossil fuels and clean energy in the process of purchase, transportation and use, it is an important economic factor of the enterprise energy planning.
C5: The greenhouse gas emission reductions To use clean energy or advanced technology can achieve the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as CO2 equivalent expression.
So in the index system, the greenhouse gas emission reductions, energy efficiency and safety of three indicators belong to efficiency index, everything else is cost index.
The energy cost, the carbon tax price, operation and maintenance costs and greenhouse gas emissions are cost indicators, greenhouse gas emission reductions, energy efficiency and security are efficiency indicators.
Online since: November 2009
Authors: Sushanta Kumar Panigrahi, R. Jayaganthan, D. Devanand
These plates were rolled by using two high roll mill, with a
roll diameter of 110mm, at liquid nitrogen temperature to obtain a final thickness reduction of 88 %.
The number of rolling passes employed was 22 for the thickness reduction of 88% in the samples.
The hardness data of the Al 6061 alloys (CR and ST) measured after ageing at 200 0C versus ageing time up to 20 hours is shown in Fig. 3a.
When these ST materials are cryorolled to a thickness reduction of 90%, the Cu rich particles were completely dissolved in Al matrix due to severe strain.
It is probably due to the fact that during low temperature ageing of the CR materials, the reduction in dislocation density facilitates accumulation of dislocation prior to saturation during tensile testing.
The number of rolling passes employed was 22 for the thickness reduction of 88% in the samples.
The hardness data of the Al 6061 alloys (CR and ST) measured after ageing at 200 0C versus ageing time up to 20 hours is shown in Fig. 3a.
When these ST materials are cryorolled to a thickness reduction of 90%, the Cu rich particles were completely dissolved in Al matrix due to severe strain.
It is probably due to the fact that during low temperature ageing of the CR materials, the reduction in dislocation density facilitates accumulation of dislocation prior to saturation during tensile testing.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Manas Mondal, Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay, D.K. Setua, N.C. Das, S. Chattopadhyay
The
correlations function and interface distribution function methods are routinely used for SAXS data analyses.
Such reduction in L is not same for all samples.
Interestingly, these values do not vary significantly with clay addition, and hence the variegated reduction in L values after clay addition should be directly dependent on the filler distribution in amorphous phase.
Table 3: Porod fitment for samples before & after annealing Table 3 shows the reduction of inter facial roughness after annealing and it may be due to the formation of higher % of crystallinity as all samples get enough time to be reoriented and form crystalline phase during annealing.
Instead, the exotherm may be related to free energy reduction brought about by the hard segments gaining sufficient mobility to phase separate and reduction of interfacial area [1].
Such reduction in L is not same for all samples.
Interestingly, these values do not vary significantly with clay addition, and hence the variegated reduction in L values after clay addition should be directly dependent on the filler distribution in amorphous phase.
Table 3: Porod fitment for samples before & after annealing Table 3 shows the reduction of inter facial roughness after annealing and it may be due to the formation of higher % of crystallinity as all samples get enough time to be reoriented and form crystalline phase during annealing.
Instead, the exotherm may be related to free energy reduction brought about by the hard segments gaining sufficient mobility to phase separate and reduction of interfacial area [1].