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It was found that β1 ordered bct phase with the axis ratio c/a=0.948 was formed in the AuMn alloy due to the Mn reduction by evaporation during melting.
The crystal structure data and lattice parameter of β1 are listed in T able 2 and the schematic crystal structures are shown in Figure 4.
On the other hand, the lattice parameter of Laves phase is slightly decreased by reduction of Au content.
Crystal structure data and lattice parameters determined by XRD.
Based on the experimental data, the phase constitution at 873 K along the AuMn-Cu2MnGa is visualized in the Au-Cu-Mn-Ga quaternary system as shown in Figure 6. 10 μm γ L 1 μm β2 P L γγγγ 5 μm (a) AuMn (c) CuMn 0.5 Ga 0.5 (b) Au0.5Cu0.5Mn0.75Ga0.25 20 μm β1 MnO or Mn3O4 10 μm γ L 1 μm β2 P L γγγγ 5 μm (a) AuMn (c) CuMn 0.5 Ga 0.5 (b) Au0.5Cu0.5Mn0.75Ga0.25 20 μm β1 MnO or Mn3O4 Fig. 5.

Extensive experimental data on the magnetic properties of PrxY1-xFe3(BO3)4 have been interpreted and good agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved.
Crystals were grown up on seeds in a mode with temperature reduction.
In order to determine the parameters of a crystal-field of PrxY1-xFe3(BO3)4, we have used the experimental data on the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility cс,^с(T) (from 2 to 300 K), magnetization curves Mc,^с(В, T) (up to 50 kOe) and existing information on the structure of the ground multiplet of Pr3+ ion in PrFe3(BO3)4 [4].
The best agreement is achieved for the following sets of the crystal-field parameters (= (x=0.75[x=0.25]), in cm-1): , , , , , . (5) Comparison of the calculation results with experimental data allowed to determine parameters for PrxY1-xFe3(BO3)4 (x=0.75[x=0.25]): the Fe-Fe exchange fields including the intrachain Bdd1 = l1M0 » 438 [386] kOe and interchain Bdd2 = l2M0 » 295 [285] kOe interactions, the f-d exchange field Вfd= lfdM0 » 118 [81] kOe.
Analysis of the experimental data and performed calculations showed, that in Pr0.75Y0.25Fe3(BO3)4 at low temperatures and B = 0, the magnetic moments of the Pr0.75 and Fe-subsystems are oriented along the trigonal axis c (EA state).

Screening of FeSNPs for dye reduction using methylene blue.
Screening of nanoparticle preparations for reduction of dyes.
The ability of NPs to cause reduction of MB dye was used as a measure of the efficiency of decolorizing dyes by chemical reduction process.
Among the preparations tested, it was found that FeSNPs synthesized in-vacuo and capped with plant derived polymer BP were most efficient (>80 %) in reducing MB compared to other capping agents (efficiency 30-60 %, data not shown.
Removal of Acid Black 1 from solution using selected FeSNPs It was observed that maximum efficiency (85 %) of Acid Black 1 removal was obtained when the concentration of dye was 20 mg/L (data not shown).

The experimentally verified 'Corrected Brinson Model' [4,5] provides fundamental, and accurate performance data for developing models for integrating SMAs within beams, plates, and shells.
This predicts a 26.2% reduction in the rotor forward-whirl amplitude at resonance, however in practice certain material availability restrictions for the single-ended active bearing meant that 10% less SMA was fitted than was actually modelled.
It is relevant to note that this downshift principally occurs because of the pronounced shift in the resonant point along the frequency axis rather than any significant overall reduction in forward-whirl amplitude at the displaced resonant point.
Specific code was written to do this calculation for blocks of data, and a typical result is given in Fig.4.
Amplitude reductions at the first critical speed of around 5-10% were recorded using this system, noticeably lower than in the open-loop tests performed earlier.

Generally, the supported amorphous Ni-B alloy catalysts are synthesized from chemical reduction [2-4].
The electroless plating is characterized by the selective reduction of nickelous ions at the surface of the catalytic substrate immersed in an aqueous solution of nickelous ions, with continuous deposition on the substrate through the autocatalytic action of the deposit itself [17].
In addition, the amorphous structure of the as-prepared catalysts was shown by the SAED data.
Benefiting from photocatalytic reduction of Ag+ ions on TiO2, the Ag clusters were selectively deposited on the surface of TiO2 in the TiO2-Al2O3 supports, which makes the homogenous deposit of Ni-B clusters on supports.

The input data of the FEM simulation can be seen in Table 1, according to the AdvantEdgeTM software requirements.
The structure of slip-line field based on the FEM model, γ=-10°…10° Discussion By means of the applied slip-line field model (Fig. 1) on the basis of the slip-line field geometries constructed by different tool and rake angles, it can be observed that the tool-chip friction angle η determined by the BCD triangle occurring between the tool face and the deformed side of the chip continuously increases with the reduction of rake angle till γ=10°.
The change of friction angle depending on rake angle is demonstrated in Fig. 3, showing the relationship between the reduction of rake angle γ and friction angle η.
The rate forming of the force components is remarkable since with the reduction of the rake angle the curve for the two force components (Fc/Ft) continuously decreases whereas the relative stagnation of Fc, Ft continuously increases.

The samples used for the SEM analysis were used to acquire long X-Ray Diffraction data.
As reported in Figure 4-c, an evident decrease of the enthalpies can be observed from the first cycle to the third one while a less important reduction is associated to the introduction of Cr and Co.
This trend can be explained for the Cu content reduction.
- Microhardness reduction was measured for both Cr and Co addition in CuZr system, so potential improvement on workability could be expected.

Dynamometer Controller 4.Piezo Electric Transducer 5.TDC Position Sensor 6.Charge Amplifier 7.Data Acquisition System 8.Flow meter 9.Fuel Tank 10.Exhaust Gas Analyzer 11.Fuel Injector 12.Intake Manifold 13.Exhaust Manifold Fig. 1 Experimental setup of the test engine Results and Discussions The variation of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with respect to brake power for different fuels were considered for the analysis has shown in Figure 2.
This is due to the reduction in heat loss to the cylinder walls.
NOx reduction strategies for DI Diesel engines.
Catalytic reduction of NOx in Diesel exhaust.

Carbon dioxide fed to the welding zone begins to dissociate according to the following reactions under the influence of high temperature [8]: СО2 → СО + О2 (1) СО → С + О2 (2) Based on the data given in [9], the degree of dissociation of carbon dioxide at different temperatures was calculated.
Figure 5 – Change in Gibbs energy upon reduction of vanadium, niobium and boron oxides by atomic carbon As can be seen from Fig. 5, using a reducing atmosphere to protect the weld metal, the oxidation of the microalloying elements is unlikely, since the formation of oxides will be impeded by the active carbon reduction reactions.
Reduction of carbon in the weld seam of steel 35G2R is associated with its active mixing with the metal of the welding wire, in which its content does not exceed 0,11% [18].

Further dematerializaiton, reduction of weight and heat conductivity of buildings without lossing their bearing capacity and other performance characteristics are critical to increase the construction efficiency [3-5].
Among others, the dematerialization and reduction of heat conductivity of buildings without lossing their bearing capacity and other operational properties fosters the increase in construction performance [8-10].
To compare and define the influence of the specified factors on concrete consolidation the following transformation formulas taking into account data of Table 1 will be obtained: ; (2) Table 1.
The fundamental difference of AGA-based heat-efficient concretes from concretes based on traditionally applied light aggregates, i.e. the decrease in water absorption by 8-10% with the reduction of average density by 1.8-2 times, is established.