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The general energy equation of the thermoelement with variable material properties is formulated with heat convection modeled as a lateral heat source.
The general energy equation of TE with variable material properties is formulated with heat convection modeled as a lateral source of heat.
The general energy equation for a one-dimensional TE of non-uniform cross section and non-constant material properties is formulated as follows (1) We assume no variation in physical properties in lateral direction even though the thickness is a function of x.
The above equation is approached for constant material properties to study the main parameters, this is due to high complexity expected from the interfacing between electrical and mechanical fields, the above equation is rewritten for constant material properties as below; (2) Assume that where L is the length of the TE from the inlet section to where maximum cross-sectional area is found, at this section throat is created in the gas passage, heating should be reversed to cooling, so at this point the second boundary condition should be; .
In the controlling equation another factor has the eligibility to effect the temperature gradient; it is geometry factor as it is appear in the above equation; The optimum profile for temperature distribution is the one which has rapid switching in the neighborhood of the maximum area from efficient heating to efficient cooling, this can be imagined when peak maximum temperature is switched to peak minimum temperature suddenly at throat point, this really is not applicable, but it worthily to understand and to determine our target that the below condition should be approached to get the optimum heating and cooling, so at throat point it is preferable to be; The new defined nondimensional factors named according to their physical meanings; Heat Resistivity Factor (HRF), and Energy Growing Factor (EGF), they can be substituted into none dimensional equation as shown below; (6) Numerical Results and Analysis.

This condition, of course, impacts on pollutant factors produced in the combustion process and production cost that is relatively high.
This research shows that the melting time did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the material [2,3].
Previous research states that the addition of combustion air temperature affects the burning process [9].
Experimental Study of Mixed Composition Bronze Variations and Variation Charges Against Forging Close Fracture Toughness Properties And Materials Hardness Bronze Gamelan.
Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University.

Mathematical Modeling of Polymer Biodegradation and Erosion Yuhang Chen1,a, Qing Li1,b 1 School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia a yuhang.chen@sydney.edu.au, bqing.li@sydney.edu.au Keywords: Biodegradation, biodegradable polymers, mathematical modeling, tissue engineering Abstract.
It is found that for biodegradable systems, mass transport plays an important role in controlling the erosion pathway, in which the matrix configuration could be one of the key factors that determine the characteristics of erosion and drug release rates.
Substantive experiments have indicated that diffusive transport could play a significant role in the micro-architectural changes of polymer matrix, thereby affecting the performance of biodegradable devices [1,2].
It was found that the degradation process of polymeric devices considerably depends on size of device, and the diffusion could affect the mass transport of hydrolyzed products.
Summarized from the experiments, it is believed that the transport properties, such as diffusive coefficient, are assumed to be dependent on the extent of local matrix hydrolysis [6].

Investigation of Load Path Effect on Thickness Distribution and Product Geometry in the Bulge Hydroforming Process Majid Elyasi, Hassan Khanlari and Mohammad Bakhshi-Jooybari Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran elyasima@yahoo.com, Hasan.khanlari@yahoo.com, bakhshim@yahoo.com Keywords: bulge hydroforming; load path; finite element simulation Abstract.
The thickness distribution and geometry are the key factors that affect the performance of hydroformed parts.
Tube tension tests were performed for determination of mechanical properties of SS316L tube.
The mechanical properties and dimensions of the initial tubes which were used in experiments are given in “Table 1”.
As shown in “Fig. 7”, initial axial feeding does not affect on the bulge radius of the part at the wave crest, but the bulge radius of the part at wave trough decreases with increasing of initial axial feeding.

Araya et al fabricated different open-cell structures and comparatively tested the compressive properties [21].
Rheological properties of ABS slurry influence the flow behaviors and stability during printing.
The properties can be attributed from the continuous curved nature of the minimal surface.
There are two factors influencing support choice, ie. macroscopically the helmet geometry and microscopically the TPMS lattice.
Roman-Flores, Mechanical metamaterials with topologies based on curved elements: An overview of design, additive manufacturing and mechanical properties, Materials & Design 233 (2023) 112190

For the results presented here, all precautions were taken, to ensure that all the specimens were tested at the same strain amplitude and thus avoiding any other phenomena affecting their behaviour.
As one might expect the elastic and damping properties of polyurethane would be strongly temperature dependent, whereas for the ceramic coating the opposite is true.
Cfl Temperature [ ] Cfl First set of tests Second set of tests 23 64% Factor of 2.1 100 Factor of 2 Factor of 2.5 150 Factor of 1.9 Factor of 2.5 Table 1.
It is true that temperature now becomes a parameter affecting the damping of the otherwise non-temperature dependent ceramic coating, but not to a great effect.
Williams, Hard damping coatings: material properties and F.E. prediction method, CD-Rom Proceedings of the 8 th National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Conference, Monterey, California, April 14-16, (2003).

This can be achieved by the use of very dense, strong and durable concrete, qualified and reliable evaluation and the use of its potential, which requires a deep knowledge of concrete, its properties and the ways to significantly improve the strength characteristics and durability.
The formation of crystalline intergrowths in the cement stone depends on the characteristics of the crystal structure of the fusion crystals, the composition and properties of the aqueous solution, the orientation of the crystals, the force of their compression between themselves and other factors.
As a result, there is a very large contact defective surface, extremely negatively affecting its strength in the process of their accretion in the cement stone.
For the macrostructure of concrete, there is a large heterogeneity in density, composition of components in microvolumes, their physical and mechanical properties, chemical and mineralogical composition, size and shape, adhesion.
This also contributes to the occurrence of a non-uniform stress field in the structure of concrete due to a significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties of the components.

Wave spring is a key component of multi-disc wet clutch and the response speed and running quality of multi-disc wet clutch is affected by its characteristics.
(3) Other factors are not considered.
Wave spring model is imported into ANSYS10.0 after establishing in CATIA V5. 8 -node Solid45 unit is selected to mesh the model because it has some characteristics such as creep properties, plasticity, expansibility, large deformation and large strain [3-5].
Setting the material properties of wave spring, the elastic modulus of material is197GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.282; material density is 7.82×103Kg/m3 [1].
At this moment, the most important factor that impacts load-deformation relationship of wave spring is the wave number of wave spring.

Zuo 1.c 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, 210016 a fxli@nuaa.edu.cn, bchenjindong1982@126.com, cdwzuo@nuaa.edu.cn Keywords: Landing gear, Forestay bar, Size optimization, Fatigue life Abstract.
That is, material property of the forestay bar is utilized more than before, and its weight decreased successfully.
Its fatigue life will affect the service performance of the landing gear directly.
The ultimate tensile strength of a forestay bar made of 30CrMnSiNi2A is 1600MPa, so material property of the forestay bar is utilized more than before.
According to the simulation of the optimized forestay bar, the stress is 929MPa, and the fatigue life is 51200 times, which satisfy the demands from its material property and the nose landing gear.

Lai 1 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 2 School of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China a xulanying20008@163.com, b byye@scut.edu.cn, cwuqiang20008@163.com Keywords: Drilling, Minipore, Coupled thermo-mechanical, Finite element simulation Abstract.
Introduction The classical hard-to-cut material-Austenitic Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti has better mechanical property and corrosion resistance, so it is applied widespread in many fields.
This is a dominant factor of forming drilling chip.
The material of the workpiece is Austenitic Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti, it's mechanical properties are listed in Table 2.
Some elements are staved or distorted because of inhomogeneous deformation, which affected precision of solution.