Search results

The degradation of interfacial adhesion between the substrate and the fiber in composite materials due to moisture absorption has the potential to result in a reduction in mechanical performance [4,5].
According to the data, SF managed to achieve its highest roughness value (56.77 µm) by applying a solution of 1.5% NaClO.
This was caused by a combination of factors, including a reduction in the quantity of hemicellulose and lignin groups found in the fiber, as well as the stretching of C=O found in hemicellulose, as well as C-O groups, C-H groups found in aromatic rings, and stretching of C-O found in lignin.The application of NaOH followed by NaClO in the treatments demonstrated considerable effectiveness in removing lignin, hemicellulose, and impurities.
The removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and other impurities during the process of delignification resulted in a reduction of the fiber's surface morphology[12,13].

Corn stalk chips were subjected to pretreatment using bisulfite with or without sulfuric acid prior to size reduction.
The biomass collected from size reduction was dewatered using a Buchner funnel to obtain the substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Each data point was averaged from two replicates.
But reduction of acid charge to 0% in pretreatment did not produce additional improvement in enzymatic digestibility of substrate although lignin removal was more, at which cellulose conversion was only about 75%.

Diagram of test device scaling [author's own work] The results of the measurements of current, moment and force changes, and the calculations of the values of unit pressures and the angles of deviation of unit friction force for different reductions are given in Table 3 and shown on diagrams (Figs. 7, 8 and 9).
Reduction, z [%] Current change, Dl1 [A] Moment, M [Nm] Force, Fw [N] Unit pressure value pmax x 103 [N/mm2] Angle of unit friction force deviation cosb x 10-5 [-] 1. 6,3 0,01 0,392 65,43 1,737 1,105 2. 13,88 0,02 0,785 129,79 2,123 1,140 3. 21,15 0,04 1,570 270,56 2,576 1,192 4. 29,44 0,06 2,354 448,42 3,117 1,294 5. 30,78 0,06 2,354 452,73 3,628 1,416 Fig. 5. 
During the envelope rolling process, a gradual increase occurs in longitudinal force and rolling moment, whose maximum values are reached at the location characterized by the largest reduction.
The above measurement data were used in the further part of the study when determining the remaining parameters of the tapered tube rolling process.

The LT programme [10] was used to analyse the spectra, a sum of four or five exponential components convoluted with the instrumental resolution curve were fitted to experimental data.
This reduction is larger than at 293 K, down to 1,6 ns, and remains at low value until p=34 MPa (and p=12 MPa at 298 K) when the o-Ps lifetime increases again.
The local reduction of the o-Ps lifetime and intensity in the core between 6 and 34 MPa is especially interesting because it exists also at 298 K (although in a narrower pressure range), and therefore one can conclude that it occurs only when at the beginning of measurements the core is in liquid phase.
The application of Ar pressure results in reduction of lifetime in the shell material identical as in the case of mechanical pressure.

Such finishing-induced damage can cause stress concentration and reduction of mechanical strength in ceramic prostheses [3, 4].
The bur speed during finishing could be obtained using a dynamometer and a data acquisition apparatus.
In view of the observations in Figure 3 that the maximum tensile stress decreased with the depth of cut, this means the subsurface damage depths increased with the reduction in maximum tensile stress.
The subsurface damage depths increased with depth of cut in spite of the reduction in the maximum tensile stress.

The data used in this analysis are similar to those of [3].
The damping effect on stress reduction is more pronounce at higher taxiing speed. 2.2.3 Effects of damping and taxiing speed Damping ratio is a parameter that strongly affects the magnitude of the dynamic solution.
(3) The reduction in the dynamic responses due to damping is more drastic at higher moving speed.
Reduction in stresses in the pavement vs. damping ratio: (a) σx, σy, (b) σyz and σxz

The sampling frequency for the data acquisition system was 5kHz.
Consequently, the resistance force reduction ratio, shortly relative ratio which is the ratio between two resistance forces decreases at high normal forces.
The relative ratio curve with respect to the normal force is downward convex, but more than 15% reduction in driving resistance force is obtained at 41.75N of the normal force, which means we may expect 15% power saving when this belt is used for long distance belt conveyers.
Consequently, the resistance force reduction ratio, shortly relative ratio which is the ratio between two resistance forces constants at high roller speed.This result shows that the resistance force is estimated by the proposed method without depending on the relative velocity between roller and belt.

Prior work Currently, reduction of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide emission in an industrial scale is carried out by spraying the various sorbents in the workplace air.
In particular, till now there is no data concerning reactivity of sulfur for the case when there are hydrocarbons is present in mixture.
Pat. [11] discloses the method of reduction of hydrogen sulfide emission during the production of sulfur-bituminous concrete.
Neutralizer Interaction time, [min] 15 30 60 15 30 60 SO2, [mg/m3] H2S, [mg/m3] Technical sulfur 19.6** – 26.0 – 22.6 – 6.6 – 15.0 – 18.4 – Mixture No 1, 5%* 12.5 1.6 13.0 2.0 11.0 2.1 4.5 1.5 6.0 2.5 5.2 3.5 Mixture No 1, 10%* 2.8 7.0 8.0 3.3 8.6 2.6 1.0 6.6 3.0 5.0 3.0 6.1 Zn, 10% 18.1 1.1 18.0 1.4 19.6 1.2 8.6 0.8 7.0 2.1 15.7 1.2 Carbon, 10% 11.4 1.7 15.0 1.7 12.0 1.9 6.5 1.0 9.5 1.6 9.3 2.0 Mixture No 2, 10%* 2.0 9.8 6.0 4.3 11.5 2.0 0.6 11.0 2.1 7.1 8.7 2.1 FеCl3×6Н2О, 10% 40.0 0.5 16.0 1.6 20.6 1.1 13.8 0.5 5.5 2.7 10.3 1.8 Mixture No 3, 10%* 20.7 0.9 22.0 1.2 30.1 0.8 7.3 0.9 12.0 1.3 24.1 0.8 Notes: * – content of the neutralizer; ** – numerator specifies concentration of a toxic gas (at given time), denominator specifies the reduction rate of emission.

In particular, bio-inspired oxygen-binding metalated macrocycles, such as iron-phthalocyanines (FePc), are being investigated as viable substitutes for precious metals in catalysis of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in low-temperature fuel cells.
In Fig. 3(a) the data measured at T=3.8 K at g=70o are shown for the pristine R3 phase sample, together with the results for the two oxygenated samples and after annealing the OX1 sample.
Sambi, “Tuning the catalytic activity of Ag(110)-supported Fe phthalocyanine in the oxygen reduction reaction,” Nat.
Sambi, “Reversible Fe Magnetic Moment Switching in Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Fe-Phthalocyanine Adsorbed on Ag(110),” J.

It was also noted that the calcination (Fig. 2b) led to the appearance of new peaks, as well as an increase of intensity of the peaks and a reduction of the basal width, which consequently led to an increase in crystallinity, resulting in values of 78%.
According to the presented data we can see that the Ni-Zn ferrite doped with 0.3 mol of Al3+ without calcination (Fig. 5a) showed superparamagnetic behavior, by presenting negligible remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (demagnetizing field), i.e. practically zero.
The calcination temperature of 700ºC/1h led to a reduction of 88.5%, indicating that the calcination temperature was effective in releasing carbon.
For the Ni-Zn ferrite doped with 0.3 mole of Al3+ calcined, the Ms x H cycle was narrow, indicating the formation of a magnetic material with soft behavior (easy magnetization and demagnetization).The sample as synthesized was of low carbon content, approximately 0.2% and calcination at temperature of 700°C/1h led to a reduction of 88.5%, indicating that the calcination temperature was effective in releasing carbon.