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From past few years, enormous study was conducted on tribological properties of cryogenic treated ferrous materials [6-10] such as tool steels; valve steels etc., and reported that these properties were greatly enhanced due to cryogenic treatment.
Glaeser, Wear properties of heavy loaded copper-base bearing alloys, Journal of metals, 35(10) (1983) 50-55
[5] Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Effect of Normal Load and Sliding Velocity on Friction Coefficient of Aluminum Sliding Against Different Pin Materials, American Journal of Materials Science, 2(1) (2012) 26-31
Delprete, Deep Cryogenic Treatment: A Bibliographic Review, The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2 (2008) 1-11
Golozar, Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel, Materials and Design, 30 (2009) 3259–3264

Metallic smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMA) showing excellent features are emerging.
In our investigations, we used 1064nm wavelength and focused spot diameter of 50μm to process donor materials.
This can be attributed to the decreased pulse energy, which can not effectively vaporize the donor materials.
Schift: Journal Vacuum Science and Technology B Vol. 26 (2008), p. 458 [3] Y.
Zhang: Materials Letters Vol 57 (2003), p. 2995 [4] F.J.

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites- a review, Journal of Material Science, Vol. 26, pp.1137-1156
The enhancement of wettability of SiC particles in cast aluminium matrix composites, Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 119, pp. 329–335
The large scale commercialization of aluminum-matrix composites, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Vol. 46, pp. 49–53
Doty, "The effects of michmetal, cooling rate and heat treatment on the eutectic Si particle characteristics of A319.1, A356.2 and A413.1 Al-Si casting alloys,Materials Science & Engineering A, vol. 480, pp. 342-355, 2008
Cement Replacement Materials (p. 336). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2 [22] Singla, D., & Mediratta, S.

Experimental Conditions and Procedure Materials and Preparation.
Both materials had a boron nitride coating applied, which was used to reduce shear stresses during the SPF process.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 35, pp. 2785 - 2789, 2000.

E., "A review on hot stamping," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 210pp. 2103–2118, 2010.
DOI: 10.1080/09507110802410361 [6] Merklein, M. and Lechler, J., "Investigation of the thermo-mechanical properties of hot stamping steels," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 177pp. 452–455, 2006
-W., "Modelling of austenitising with non-constant heating rate in hypereutectoid steels," International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, vol. 3(1), pp. 35-48, 2008
K., "Microstructural and dilatational changes during tempering and tempering kinetics in martensitic medium-carbon steel," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 40(3), pp. 551-559, 2009.
-G., and Kessler, O., "Kalorimetrische und dilatometrische Analyse des Anlassverhaltens in der Wärmeeinflusszone von Schweißnähten des Stahls T24," HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials, vol. 68(6), pp. 274-282, 2013.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. (2019)
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering (2011); 8, no. 8: 727–734
Functional Materials Letters (2015) 8: 3–6
Materials Today (2019) 19: 1208–1215
American Journal of Materials Science (2013) 3: 84–90

One of the new alternative material which can be used to replace cement is geopolymer materials [1,4].
Geopolymer material is an inorganic material which contains silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) as raw materials, and alkali activator.
The content of Al2O3 for both materials is 38.58 % and 0.2%.
Lukey, Materials Letters, 57(7): 1272-1280 (2003) [13] Valeria F.F.
MacKenzie , Clelio Thaumaturgo,, International Journal of Inorganic Materials 2 (2000) 309–317 [14] Ekaputri, J.

Materials and Methods 2.1.
Journal Materials (Basel), 2015. 8(3): p. 932-958
[8] Weikai Li and Baohong Han, Research and Application of Functionally Gradient Materials, Materials Science and Engineering ,(2018)
[16] Mohamed Shatta, Magdy Badawy, and Diab Haddad, 'Surface Hardness Evaluation of A Thermoplastic Nylon Denture Base Material', Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science, Vol. 23 (2020) p.343-346
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 29, (2015) pp. 2065-2075.

Sanchez “Advanced cutting conditions for the milling of aeronautical alloys”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2000, Vol. 100, pp. 1-11
El-Baradie, “Machinability of nickel-based super alloys: a general review”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1998, Vol. 77, pp. 278-284
Liao, Study on wear mechanisms in drilling of Inconel 718 superalloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2003, Vol. 140, pp. 269-273
Teo, “The machinability of Inconel 718”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1997, Vol. 63, pp. 199-204
Khamba, ”Taguchi technique for modeling material removal rate in ultrasonic machining of titanium”, Materials Science and Engineering A. 2007, Vol. 460-461, pp. 365-369

The error values are well within limits of -0.06% and -0.09% for both the materials.
From both economic and safety point of view it is necessary to predict the life before failure and get proper utilization of materials.
The summary of network architecture for both the materials have been provided in Tab.3.
Hence it may also be concluded that ANN can be a very effective tool for predicting the fatigue life of materials.
,“The Influence of Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Growth in a Cermet,” Journal of Material Science, (35) , 2000, 5661 – 5665 [5] Kujawski, D.