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The proposed method provides useful LCC results of products in terms of product attributes related with LCC factors and product attributes are identified through analyzing the correlation between LCC factors and product attributes.
The product LCC can be decomposed into cost factors.
Table 1 provides a list of cost factors for product life cycle that was adapted to the feasible LCC factors useful for predicting the product LCC [1].
Table 2: Product attribute set Group name Associated product attributes general design properties durability, degradability manufacturing properties mass (mass is represented as the component ratio of 9 materials), volume operational properties assemblability, process disposal/recycling lifetime, use time, energy source, mode of operation, power consumption, flexibility, upgradeability, serviceability, modularity, additional consumables end-of-life properties recyclability, reusability, disassemblability The HLCCM based on GAs and ANNs a different approach to other LCC methods [5].
Eisenhard, in: MS Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, MIT (2000)

Agile multiscale modelling of the thermo-mechanical processing of an aluminium alloy MACIOŁ Piotr1, a *, BUREAU Romain2,b ,POLETTI Cecilia2,c, SOMMITSCH Christof2,d WARCZOK Piotr3,e , KOZESCHNIK, Ernst3,f 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Computer Science and Modelling, al.
The coupling between the scales allows the passing of material properties and material state between the independent fine and coarse models.
This methodology is applied here to model the microstructural evolution of a 6082 aluminium alloy through its thermo-mechanical processing.
The flow stress σ is then written as: σ=Mτath+τeff. (1) M is the Taylor factor and τath is the athermal shear stress, accounting for the elastic interaction of dislocations [13].
Because the modules are only defined by their output variables, it is possible to replace the constitutive submodels without affecting the global structure.

The defects can affect the safety of pipelines, and even depress their service life; may lead to enormous economic costs and jeopardize the surrounding ecological environments.
Shown in Fig.2 and Tab. 2 are the stress-strain curves and mechanical properties of X60 pipeline steel after pre-tension defamation.
Fig.2 The stress-strain curves after pre-tension defamation Tab.2 Mechanical properties of X60 pipeline steel after pre-tension defamation δt/% E/GPa σs/MPa σb/MPa δ/% ψ/% 0 198 471 543 20.05 65.20 5 198 542 571 17.96 62.63 10 198 587 608 12.56 55.87 15 198 601 618 8.87 49.02 The fracture strength σf and the fracture ductility εf can be estimated by the material’s tensile properties: (1) (2) Caused to the obviously necking phenomenon, the average fracture strength can be corrected by Bridgeman Formula [14]: (3) where rf is the minimum radius while sample fracture, Rf is the radius outside necking zone.
The stress-strain of steel is coincident with Hollomon Formula: (4) The work-hardening exponential n can be obtained by Eq.5: (5) The fracture properties of X60 pipeline steel after pre-tension defamation are showen in Tab. 3.
Tab.3 The fracture properties of X60 pipeline steel after pre-tension defamation δt/% σf/MPa εf/MPa n 0 898 1.056 0.077 5 930 0.984 0.062 10 949 0.818 0.059 15 921 0.674 0.056 Effects of Prestrain on the Fatigue Crack Initiation Life.

We take the bicycle in the sports training sports as the research object and establish mechanical model of it.
Through the observation and research, we can see that there are two main factors affecting sport of cycling: the offset of direction angle in the process of driving and its movement speed.
According to related stress of the two sports, we can build the mechanical model.
Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of an Ionic Liquid with Monte Carlo Simulations with an Orthorhombic and a Cubic Simulation Box.J.
A Monte Carlo Simulation for a Uniform Ladder of Energy Levels: Statistical Thermodynamic Properties.

Two-dimensional model of asphalt pavement with cement-treated base was established based on mechanical parameters, thickness and homogeneity of commonly used structural layer in china, symmetrical and non-symmetrical load were both considered, and crack of cement-treated base was set before loaded.
However, reflective crack is a pervasive disease affecting serve performance due to temperature and dry shrinkage.
After the surface layer having been built, under the influence of repeated traffic loads, reflective cracks would easily occur because of temperature and other environmental factors.
An important advantage of this method, which simulates non-linear using non-uniformity, and simulates the non-continuum mechanics using the continuum mechanics, is to consider material′s non-uniform [1].The following is the analysis process to establish model: Assumptions 1) Ignore the longitudinal, cross-sectional displacement, and be simplified as a plane strain problem; 2) Materials of every layer are isotropic and continuous; 3) To ensure that the wheels would not deform because of the too big load, its strength and stiffness is set big enough; 4) Material′s properties meet Weber distribution, strength in line with Mohr-Coulomb Criterion; 5) Ignore material′s weight of each layer.
With the repeated loads imposed, strength weakening begins to appear around the original crack in the base, accompanied by the emergence of new cracks, affecting the stress field’s distribution, and the weak units further damaged.

Because there are many factors to affect the theory of aluminum alloy corrosion fatigue, which make corrosion fatigue mechanism more complex.
So the research need to modify the experimental measurement methods, which must consider the corrosion environment in the mechanical properties and life of material structure, as much as possible to simulate the real corrosion stress environment, these can provide more reliable experimental data for theoretical analysis.
Table 1 The Mechanical Properties of Aluminum alloy 7075 Typical Mechanical Properties of Aluminum alloy Brands of Aluminum alloy Tensile strength (25°c mpa) Yield strength (25°c mpa) Hardness （Brinell） Elongation 1.6mm(1/16in) 7075 572 503 150 11 Testing Samples and Corrosion Media The test materials was Aluminum alloy 7075, the relevant mechanical properties was shown in table 1.
These three factors can be described by the current intensity which as the parameter of corrosion environment.
A study on the composition optimization and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si cast alloys[J].

Many forming factors have been found concerning the quality of the forming part.
Many forming factors have been found concerning the quality of the forming part.
However, the slurry filling sequence, which could be a very important affecting factor, has never been reported.
It is conceivable that the properties (mechanical property, microstructure, segregation, etc) in different areas of the part are not the same because of the structural complexity of the standard part.
In FEM simulation the effects of air pressure from the die cavities on the material filling are neglected, this factor has however more or less influences on the metal flow behavior in practical experiment.

Nano/microtexture along with the low surface energy are the controlling factors for the wetting properties of a surface.
However, this should be considered only as an indicative result due to the fact that during thermal spray deposition the surface chemistry and properties of the feed powders are affected.
Understanding the mechanisms of condensation and the factors that affect it can lead to the development of more efficient surfaces, where the condensation mode will be dropwise.
However thermal spraying conditions may vary, affecting either deposition efficiency or coatings texture as mentioned previously [13-17].
Stathopoulos, Influence of organic phase change materials on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE and PP polymers, RSC Advances 8 (2018) 27438-27447

The mechanical anisotropy can be reduced by tailoring texture through plastic deformation [3].
Among those important deformation processing parameters, deformed texture can be strongly affected by strain path change.
In recent publications, the role of strain path on texture, microstructure and mechanical property of hot rolled pure titanium has been reported [4, 5].
The self-consistent approach regards each grain as inclusion embedded in a homogeneous equivalent medium, having the average properties of the ploycrystal.
Suwas, Effect of strain-paths on mechanical properties of hot rolled commercially pure titanium, Mater.

Distribution pattern of spray boom in fields is affected by several parameters which one of the important reasons is horizontal and vertical vibrations because of unevenness surfaces.
It means, the inertia of spray boom can be heuristically introduced with a certain value regards to the system and mass properties.
Wills, Factors determining the design of tractor-mounted sprayer booms-sprayer nozzle characteristics, J.
De Baerdemaeker, DESIGN OF A CASCADE CONTROLLER FOR A FLEXIBLE SPRAY BOOM, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 10(2) (1996) 197-210
Jamaluddin, Vehicles active suspension system using skyhook adaptive neuro active force control, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 23(3) (2009) 855-868