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Experimental procedure ZrO2+3mol%Y2O3 powders with an average grain size about 0.5µm (Sansai ultrafine powder limited company, China) was used in the experiment.
The view of static fracture (Fig.3a) shows that the grain size is about 0.5µm, and the fracture surface is relative flat.
Fig.4 Typical characteristics of SEM fracture under dynamic loading (a) the liked-amorphous fold; (b) the coexistence of crystalline and liked-amorphous area (×198); (c) the coexistence of crystalline and liked-amorphous area (×1000); (d) wear marks Conclusion 1) The percent of the grains transformation from t phase to m phase is about 30% under dynamic loading.
There is no phase transformation occurred under static loading. 2) Under dynamic loading, the number of micro-crack appeared, and a kind of liked-amorphous layer was appeared in the fracture surface.

The optimal number of units in the hidden layer was determined by trial and error procedure.
The optimal number of units in the hidden layer was determined by the try and error procedure.
The number of units in the hidden was examined from 2 to 16.
As can be seen from the Fig 4(a1) ~(b3), there is not clean on the grain boundry between 500 and 600 ℃, which is called un-recrystallization.
However, As can be seen from the Fig 4(c1) ~(c3), there is clean on the grain boundy at 700 ℃, which is called recrystallization.

Shape features are often visually scored into a limited number of classes.
For cereal grains, Sapirstein [1] gives an overview of variety identification by digital image analysis.
If the number of the curvature is over two, it can be determined as bowing cucumber fruit.
The number of curvature can determine the bowing.
Sapirstein: Variety identification by digital image analysis, in: Identification of Food-Grain Varieties (Wrigley, C.

The phosphorus and potassium contents in rice decreased under flooding conditions as compared with those under control,and further decreased with the increase of water depth and the prolongation of flooding time,the reduction of grain yield had significant positive correlations with the contents of phosphorus and potassium in plant[6].
The yield of the super hybrid rice and conventional rice decreased with the longer duration of flooding,mainly due to reduced effective panicles,panicle and grain weight,and longer the whole growth period[10].
Figure 5 shows that the number of,large and medium damaged reservoirs decreases and then increases from 2006 to 2010;The number of small damaged reservoirs and the direct economic losses of water conservancy facilities caused by disasters of flood and waterloging decreases slightly and then increases sharply from 2006 to 2010, especially in 2010.
The average number of,large and medium damaged reservoirs caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is 43.8 from 2006 to 2010, small damaged reservoirs 17.87 hundred, the damaged embankments 48.239 thousand, the damaged embankments length 10.42 thousand km, the damaged locks 9.97 thousand, the direct economic losses of water conservancy facilities 27.95 billion RMB.
However the number of large and medium damaged reservoirs caused by disasters of flood and waterloging in 2010 is more 30.14 percent than the average number from 2006 to 2010, small damaged reservoirs 106.7 percent, the damaged embankments 69.62 percent, the damaged embankments length 83.76 percent, the damaged locks 112.12 percent, the damaged embankments 69.62 percent, the direct economic losses of water conservancy facilities 147.47 percent.

The input parameters of the models are the soil classification properties, including fine-grained (%), sand (%), gravel (%), specific density, liquid and plastic limits (%), and the outputs are OMC and MDD.
(3) Where and are measured output by experiments and predicted output by model, respectively; also and are mean value of and, respectively and is the total number of the data.
=Standard Deviation Where FG is fine-grained (%); S is sand (%); G is gravel (%); Gs is the specific density; wl and wp are liquid and plastic limits.
· MDD increased and decreased OMC when G and S (coarse grained) content increased
· wl and wp changed as like as FG that was due to plasticity behavior of fine grained particles.

The oxidation of ZrB2 has been studied by number of investigators [3, 4].
Considerably, the most common additive is SiC, which enhance oxidation resistance by forming a silica-rich scale [4, 5] and limits diboride grain growth [6].
In case of ZS, average grain size of ZrB2 was 2~6 µm while average grain size of ZNS, ZTS were 0.8~5µm and 0.6~4 µm respectively.
This result indicated that by adding NbB2 and TaB2, average grain size of ZrB2-transition metal boride solid solution became small.

A compact, homogenous, without cracks or pinholes CdS film with the uniformly distributed grains was formed, which exhibit good agreement with result of Tak et al.
It can be noted that there were no ZnO nanorods found due to ZnO nanorods surface coated by a number of CdS.
The larger size and amount of CdS can give high solar energy conversion efficiency [4], while the higher is the concentration of OH-, the larger is the size of CdS grains in certain extent.
The size of CdS grains play an important role in the surface photovoltage characteristics in solar cell [5]. thus, the size of CdS grains can be controllable by regulating the OH- concentration.

After 20 d cultivation, the microbial amount and the activities, dehydrogenase activity (TTC) and fluorescein diacetate activity (FDA), of the HDB cultivated on the unit mass carriers were measured by most-probable-number (MPN) method and spectrophotometry, respectively.
The broadening of the peaks without calcination indicates the poor crystallinity of the HA at the initial stage, while the sharp peaks at 850°C demonstrates the full growth of the grains.
However, the HA particles calcined at 850°C (Fig. 2c) shows a highly rough and coarse surface composed of randomly grown rod like grains.
The SEM results also reveal that the grains of HA at 850°C were in large size and fully grown, indicating the good crystallinity which is in accordance with the XRD analysis.
The HA synthesized at 850°C reveals an extremely coarse surface morphology, which is composed of fully grown rod-like grains and pores smaller than the size of most bacillary and coccoid HDB.

Introduction A number of products, such as electrodes for lead wires, relay blades, contact supports and electrodes for spot welding require high mechanical strength and, good electric conductivity.
The fracture surface of this composite has an inter-crystallite character and reveals its coarse-grained structure (Fig.6b). 2.5 µµµµm 10 µµµµm Fig. 6.
SEM Image of the Cu-20% Al2O3 powder mixture The craters formed by Cu grains which pull out of the material in a fracture test have nano-metric sizes.
Examinations with an EDS probe have shown that the distribution of the Al2O3 grains is uniform within the entire volume of the sintered compact (Fig7).
In the composite with 20% Al2O3, it is five-fold higher than in solid copper having a grain size of about 50 µm 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Bulk copper Cu -10%Al2O3 Cu-20%Al2O3 Hardness [HV 0,1] Cu -10%Al2O3 Cu -20%Al2O3 Bulk copper Fig. 8.

ZnO it has a large number of technological applications including a variety of sensors, such as bio-molecule sensor [1], ultraviolet detecto r[2] and chemical and gas sensors [3].
Grains size, surface morphology and surface roughness of the film was examined by atomic force microscopy (SPA400-SPI3800, Seiko Instruments Inc., Japan), while the study of crystallization and the structure properties of the film was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruk D8) with a Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.54Ǻ).
From the result, it shows that the size of the grains is in nanometer size (approximately 20nm - 50nm).
It can be seen that the distribution of the grains are very uniform on the SiO2/Si substrate.
According to the FESEM result, the sol-gel technique also shows that the grains of ZnO films were in nano-size and were uniformly deposited on the substrate.