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The driving force for any grain growth process is the reduction of the grain boundary area, which in turn minimizes the energy of the system.
The 16.4-mm thick ingot was hot rolled at 700°C to give an 87.3% reduction (t = 2.08 mm).
Subsequent warm and cold rolling at 400°C and RT, respectively, provided an additional 78.4% reduction to a thickness of 0.45 mm.
The EBSD patterns were captured and analyzed to assess texture, grain configuration and grain boundary character distribution using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) data collection software (TSL OIM Analysis 5), to obtain inverse pole figure (IPF) images, pole figure (PF), area grain fraction and crystal orientation fraction.

With an ever-increasing pressure on the automotive industry and other industries to focus on energy savings and emission reduction while improving structural performance and cost competitiveness, more and more parts are now being manufactured using AHSS.
This means that a far lower total reduction is employed during hot rolling at a CSP® than at an integrated mill for a sheet steel product with the same final gauge, which influences the kinetics of recrystallization, precipitation and grain refinement.
Moreover, propriety technologies are carried out in the down-stream processing for cold rolled and coated AHSS products, mainly by designing and controlling the cold rolling reduction as well as the pre-heating rate and temperature, annealing temperature, cooling rate and line speed at hot dip galvanizing line.
Typical hole expansion ratios of these types of experiments for HDGI DP 590 steels are presented in Fig. 4, where the testing data in the upper group were obtained from the Nucor CSP®-produced steels while the values in the lower group were measured on the steels manufactured at an integrated mill.

The efficiency can be improved by productivity or cost reduction.
With the data collected from July 2011 to June 2012 and the process capability analysis as shown in Fig. 3, the process capability (Cpk) of BER at 0.72 is less than the one side acceptable value of 1.25 [7,8].
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Senjuntichai: Development of Efficient Washing System for Reduction of Oil Contamination on Machining Parts, International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 156-157 (2011), p. 1545-1554 [11] A.

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The Kyoto Protocol aims to achieve emissions reductions through global cooperation, and becomes the most important mechanism for promoting the development of low-carbon economy [3].
According to the practical experience of European Union, the allocation of carbon emissions reasonably and effectively is a key task to achieve emission reduction.
Burtraw analyzed the data of U.S. electricity market, and found that the emission reduction costs of the output-based free allocation is the same as that of the history-based free allocation, but the costs of the auction is about half of the above two ways [8].

Data for all samples are presented in Table 1 and show that five of the samples have significant tetragonal content and that these five samples possess the lowest grain size.
The reduction peak that occurs initially corresponds to the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the electrode surface.
This irreversible electrolyte reduction reaction is coupled with the reversible conversion reaction of ZrO2 and Li into amorphous Li2O and Zr.
The wide anodic peak at around 1.5-2.2V is thus attributed to the reversible oxidation of Zr into ZrO2 according to the following process: 4Li + ZrO2 ↔ Zr + 2Li2O All materials exhibited similar characteristics and so it is clear that there is an initial capacity loss after the first cycle (reduction in cathodic peak) potentially caused by initial electrolyte decomposition to form a SEI.

Then observing if the vulnerable component was damaged, and finding out the minimum critical load, and the data would be used for evaluating the package’s ability for protecting the products.
The lifting of the test bed was realized by the lead screw nut, and the stepping motor drives the negative and positive rotation of lead gear through reduction gearbox and a pair of bevel gear wheel, so that the rotational motion of the lead screw was transformed to the rectilinear motion of the nut, realizing the lifting motion of the test bed [3], as shown in Fig. 1.
The lifting platform was driven by the lead screw nut, and the rising velocity was 50mm/s, the lead screw pitch was 10mm, and the revolving speed was 300r/min. 0.5kW electromotor would drive the positive and negative rotation of the lead screw through a pair of bevel gear wheel and the reduction gearbox, so that the test bed could rise or descend.
The stepping motor can drive the positive and negative rotation of the lead screw with the reduction box and a pair of cone gear, so that the lifting platform can rise or descend.

Since the small-scaled and limited agricultural water system design of residential buildings is an important part of the entire residential ecological agriculture horticulture, we should not only solve the practical problem of domestic water supply, but also have an overall consideration from the aspect of energy saving, emission reduction and pollution prevention, together with the integrated design of artistic aesthetic and environmental art atmosphere, so as to achieve the overall binding organically, economically and efficiently. 1 Life Significance of Water As the source of life, water nurtures human civilization and nourishes all living creatures with its rich spirituality.
More than half the amount of water will be saved and only 20% of residential water will be consumed for the city residential kitchen, planting and breeding. 3 Design Method of Water Supply and Agriculture Room In intelligent ecological residential house, to be ecological significant, agricultural water supply system should be designed to the spirit of energy-saving, low power consumption, emission reduction, pollution-free, environmental protection and recycling design. 3.1 Normal water could be used for laundry, flushing, indoor and outdoor ground water and agriculture.
Scientific experiments should be done on the use of water for qualitative and quantitative data analysis, and then the results should be put into the computer for precise management. 3.3 Lay aqueducts in accordance with various forms of the system of agricultural farming and vegetable cultivation.
At the same time, energy saving and emission reduction are also needed.

Analyzing Table 4 and comparing the data with those of Table 2, we see that the purification process led to a reduction in the mean equivalent size of particles, a raise in the clay content and a reduction in the sand content, which are favorable features for this process.
Analyzing the diffractograms of Figure 3, and comparing with the diffractograms presented in Figure 1, we observed that, after the purification process, there was a raise in the intensities of the kaolinite peaks in both samples and a reduction in the amount of quartz, which suggests that the purification treatment was efficient at the removal of most of the accessory minerals present in the kaolins.

The reduction of specific fuel consumption rate and supporting of correct operation of all engine systems are considered the main measures.
Therefore, the diagnostic signal processing must be carried out on the basis of the noise influence reduction.
Let`s consider the possibility to solve this task on the time-frequency autocorrelation function that corresponds to condition of interference reduction.
According to experimental data, the time of one revolution of the crankshaft was Trev ≈ 38 msec.