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Flatness is one of the key indicators to measure the quality of rail, rail flatness directly affects speed, safety and comfort of trains[1].
The rail curvature before straightening directly affects the flatness after straightening from the theory and actual production, and the rail flatness which has greater curvature would be worse after straightening at the same deformation conditions.
In this paper, based on the simulation results of the rail whole rolling process, thermo-mechanical coupled simulation of 60kg/m rail during cooling process has been simulated and bending deformation, temperature filed distribution have been studied.
Considering the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties, basic material parameters relating to temperature are needed to define in the thermal mechanically coupled calculation for rolling process, such as density, density, elastic modulus, poisson ratio, yield strength, at the same time the basic thermodynamic parameters are also needed to define, such as the specific heat and thermal conductivity.
With the growth of the cooling time, the effect of radiation and convection on the rail cooling was reduce, and the influence of thermal conductivity increased, the rail internal heat transfer become an important factor affecting the temperature of the rail key points, the rail cooling rate slowed down, and the temperature difference of the rail key points decreases gradually, and finally become the same.

Hypothermia and discomfort can be caused in cold climates due to perspiration and, along with rainfall, are factors that drastically reduce the insulation provided by the material used in the clothing [11].
However, the moisture transport properties can be more significant than the thermal insulation properties.
Thus, the thermal properties of fabrics are one of the most important characteristics of the textile materials [14].
If the ambient temperature is greater than the human body, the heat, through convective properties, is transferred to the soldier causing thermal stress, which can affect his health as well as his operational performance.
Elmogahzy, Testing and analyzing comfort properties of textile materials for the military, in: E.

China 2College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R.
The results indicate that the agent-based simulation method can simulate the organizational strategy in production cells, and provide a new way to study affecting mechanism of different organizational strategies on prodution cells.
In recent years, simulation research integrating human factors into the production model has emerged.
Therefore, the simulation results not only show that the organizational strategy has enormous impact on the performance of production cells, but also verify that the simulation method proposed can be utilized to study affecting mechanism of different organizational strategies on prodution cells.
(Ed.), Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, New York, Wiley, (2006), p. 967~996 [9] Z.H.

Some physical properties of per-phase obtained through simulating the typical flow behaviors in iron-making process were contrastive analyzed with the field data.
Thus, facing such complex multiphase process, the stable and optimal operations for the gas–solid–powder flow in raceway become the key factor to achieve high efficiency for iron-making [1-3].
In the hearth, the solid particles are driven down with funnelform flow to the raceway, and affected obviously by the gas flow.
The liquid droplets are formed from the cohesive zone, and the flow way of which is affected by the solid particles.
Simulation Application As well known, the valid injection formation is the main factor to ensure an efficient production with lower consumption.

Grease service life is connected with the composition and properties of greases and the functioning conditions.
The failure of grease is caused by many factors, but it can be concluded into two aspects: physical mechanics factors and chemical factors.
Failure Caused by Chemical Factors.
Therefore，temperature, load and rotation speed are the main factors which affecting the grease bearing life.
Grease Properties and Applications.

Real-time control model of schedule and quality The excavation of large underground powerhouse is a dynamic construction process, which is affected by geological condition, excavation technics, excavation sequence and other factors.
(3) Where, The construction process of large underground is affected by geological condition, development degree of groundwater, spatial relationship of cavern group, technology, organization mode, construction machinery and so on.
The main infection factors are as follows.
Using dynamic programming principles and dynamic construction mechanics method [10-12], the mechanical property indexes of various excavation schemes are compared in Table 1.
Mechanical property indexes of various excavation schemes Scheme description UX[mm] UY[mm] Area of plastic zone [m2] 1 P1T1-P2T2T3-S1-P3S2-P4S3-P5-P6 10.330 4.647 312.8 2 P1T1-P2S1-P3S2-P4T2-P5T3-P6S3 10.307 4.641 229.1 3 P1S1-P2T1-P3S2-P4S3-P5T2-P6T3 10.293 4.647 209.7 4 P1T1S1-P2S2-P3T2S3-P4T3-P5-P6 10.317 4.615 251.3 5 P1-P2T1S1-P3T2S2-P4T3S3-P5-P6 10.331 4.655 335.6 6 P1-S1-P2-P3-P4-P5-P6-S2-S3-T1-T2-T3 10.326 4.635 279.7 Fig. 5 Plastic zone of scheme 3 Fig. 6 Resources strength graph after optimization It is obvious that implementation of optimization scheme can reduce the area of plastic zone, improve safety of surrounding rock and then decrease support cost.

However, the CTOD transformation equation involves separating CTOD into elastic and plastic components, and employs several material factors; converting BS7448-CTOD into ASTM E1290-CTOD by the equation is not straightforward.
Table 1 shows the analytical conditions used in this calculation. σYS, + and B were set at different values for evaluating the effects of mechanical properties and specimen size on R1 and R2.
not affect both of the CTOD ratios.
Steels, mechanical properties and test conditions are listed in Table 2, where steels are based on Japanese Industrial Standards.
Table 2 Steels, mechanical properties and CTOD test conditions.

Origination and Properties of Dislocations in Thin Film Nitrides Horst P.
The mutual annihilation of threading dislocations is rather efficient although affected by the glide properties of the growing epitaxial crystal and the thermal stresses during the cooling down after growth.
In consequence, this concept of critical thickness and misfit strain relaxation by dislocation networks has mostly been used to describe and check the properties of respective systems a posteriori.
Even with the unsatisfactory state of the experiments we may evaluate some interesting aspects of misfit dislocation properties in the III-nitrides.
Unfortunately, a literature search for experimental details on the respective glide properties failed and makes the assessment of this relaxation type rather difficult.

Modal testing is a form of vibration testing which is able to determine the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the mechanical test structures.
Nowadays, Finite Element Analysis Method (FEM) widely used for stability simulation and prediction [8-10]. [11-12] also agreed both the finite element simulations and experimental measurements reveal that the linear guide with different preload greatly affects the vibration behavior and milling stability agrees well with the cutting tests.
The properties of cutting tool were inserted into analysis process, which is made of Tungsten with several properties.
Besides, a few factors that can lead to an accurate FEA include incorrect estimates of material properties, masses, stiffness, and boundary conditions.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and Universiti Malaysia Pahang for financial support under RDU110316.

Cracks affect the durability of concrete by increasing its permeability.
The microbial precipitation of CaCO3 depends on several factors including: concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon, actually value of pH, concentration of calcium ions, and presence of energetically advantag for nucleation.
Sporosarcina pasteurii is a non-pathogenic, gram-positive, endospore forming soil bacterium well known for its ability to precipitate CaCO3 through ureolysis, its biggest disadvantage is that during the precipitation of CaCO3 urea is formed which negatively affects the resulting properties of concrete [8].
Experimental The experiment tested the dependence of nano / micro structural properties on time, namely the effect of bacteria on cracks healing in cement pastes over time.
In addition, the effect of bacteria on micromechanical properties at the interface between cement matrix and calcium will be studied.