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(“baseline” can also mean linear, or any reference condition designated the null hypothesis) or ‘…from data derived from a different (“test”) condition.’
The comparisons are facilitated through computation of receiver operating characteristics (ROCs), which are data-driven methods for comparing detection rates to error rates as a function of decision boundaries established between data distributions, independent of the actual underlying distribution.
Fig. 1: Surrogate plate structure Transmissibilities for both undamaged and damaged condition are evaluated given the data generated from structure in Fig.1.
However, in the context of damage diagnosis and structural health monitoring, we need to capture changes in features, i.e. baseline features (feature evaluation between two undamaged cases) and damaged features (evaluation between damaged data and undamaged data).
Piersol, Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures (2nd Edition), John Wiley & Sons (New York), 1986 [4] Z.

This damper characteristic was built with data collected on the real passive damper mounted in the 2S1 vehicle.
For the co-simulation, a characteristic feature is so called communication interval (the time between the data exchange moments, between ADAMS and Matlab programs).
Continuing this thread, through reduction of the vertical acceleration, the absorbed power is also reduced.
Marszalik: Optimal Control of Slow-Active Vehicle Suspension – Results of Experimental Data, (Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control, ISSN 1461-3484, Vol. 32, No. 1&2, (2013) 99–116)
Army Tank-Automotive Command, Terrain severity data generation at Yuma Proving Ground, TACOM Report No. 13491, Contract No.

So it cannot be ignored and must be minimized simultaneously with the reduction of fuel cost [3].
Microgrids have several advantages and benefits such as increasing reliability, improving energy efficiency, cost reduction, reduction in transmission losses, 𝐶𝑂2 emission reduction, and other environmental benefits [21].
Implementation of MFO for ED problem To apply the proposed MFO algorithm in optimal power dispatch, the next steps must be followed as shown: First: Input data: In the first step, the provided data must include: fuel cost coefficients, min and max limits of all generating units and power demand.
Yes No Initialize the parameter of MFO algorithm Evaluate fitness Start Read the system data which consists of fuel cost coefficients, min and max limits of all generating units and power demand Memorize the moth and flame Update the position of moth Set the best value of each moth in Mbest and the best fitness function is Fbest Update positions for each group of moth Print the dispatch schedule and optimal value of fuel cost Iteration max End Iteration starts Check for generating limits constraint Fig. 1.
The data of these test systems are customized from [25], [26] and Table1.

Research on the Weld Line's Reduction of Injection Molding Fa Shena, Yong Qib and Wenfei Pengc Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R.
Some data indicate that the presence of Weld mechanical properties of ABS products may have about the loss of 10%—30%，PMMA, PS and other products about the loss of more than 30%.

At present, the control based on the MAP graph is used usually, but this control method has some shortages, for example larger data, poor adaptive capacity and difficulties in data updating.
However, the method has some shortages, such as larger data, poor adaptive capacity, difficulties in data updating and the parameter changes after engine wears.
The traditional method of MAP chart control gas injection amount need establish a database to store ECU data before.
But it is heavy working and need a large quantity of data to establish such a database. this method of MAP chart control has some shortages, for example larger data, poor adaptive capacity and difficulties in data updating.
Natural gas ECU transmit these data to the BP neural network controller’s two input port—rotation rate and throttle opening.

For a specific cyclic load level, a distinct optimum autofrettage pressure is identified by plotting autofrettage pressure against the equivalent alternating stress intensity and the number of cycles from design fatigue data.
The process of autofrettage is therefore very useful in improving the fatigue life of cylinders because of the reduction in stress.
Comparing with the value of Seq (107 MPa) at optimum Pauto shows a reduction of 26.2% in stress through the autofrettage process.
The reductions in Seq are in the ranges of 18%-33%, 19%-30% and 21%-29% for b/a=1.5, 1.75 and 2, respectively.

Data acquisition and handling (micro controller) 3.
Data handling and post processing algorithms 6.
Data condensation is a necessary feature, where few parameters and indicators extracted from a huge amount of raw data, gives the status of the structure.
(piezoelectric, optical fibres) · How much data is needed to transmit?
Would the data size allow real-time transmission?

The prescription of bisphosphonates (BP) enables a considerable reduction in the development of osteoporotic fractures.
From this data, they established an order of BPs based on their affinity to natural HA (zoledronate > alendronate > ibandronate > risedronate > etidronate > clodronate).
It is interesting to note that in none of the examples of bisphosphonate-Hap combination reported in the literature, data related to their use in pathological cases related to bone resorption disorders, namely osteoporosis, were given.
To do this, it is necessary to use clinical criteria (incriminated pathogen, spread of the infection, etc.) and pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic data concerning the medication.
Alongside this reduction, the bacterial population evolved with the appearance of variant colonies.

Secondly, difference in the calculated plumes caused by uncertainties in the development of conceptual models suggests that the hydrogeological conceptual model should be developed based on intrinsic understanding of the transport problems and relevant data collection.
Results 4.1 Uncertainties Leaded by Non-ideal Factors Non-ideal factors for a groundwater flow or solute transport model including those produced by the filed or laboratory conditions and techniques for data acquisition.
Treatment of such uncertainties depended on the reduction of such uncertainties in both site characterization and laboratory mechanism studies.
Fig. 7 Computed groundwater contours of the site for scenarios of site grade at an elevation of 210m (left) and 205m (right) Conclusion and Discussions A model is always a simple representative of the real cases and its reliability relies on reduction of model uncertainties.
Long-term Diffusion Experiment at Mont Terri: First Results from Field and Laboratory Data.

Higher fracture toughness material is obtained by means of combination of reduction of Fe content and wider spacing between the constituents.
The data of whereεf* is the maximum strain Thompson et al. [4] are also plotted.
The newly developed 2x24 aluminum alloy sheets have been shown the potential of 20% thickness reduction or 30% weight saving in fuselage skins application [13]. 3) The seconds phase particles can be controlled element selection and process optimizations.