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The heteroatom can provide pairs of electrons and change the electron donor-acceptor structure of the carbon material [13], while the large surface area and porous structure can increase the charge accumulation, combined together to improve the lithium storage capacity.
Apparently, after high temperature carbonization, the feature of nanowires had changed, and hollow porous structure of the nanowires were formed.
TEM results shown in Fig.3 (e) and (f) further demonstrate the tubular structure of the nanowires.
[36] Liu F,Song S Y,Xue D F, Zhang H J.Folded structured graphene paper for high performance electrode materials.Adv Mater,2012,24(8):1089-1094
[56] Li D, Ding L X,Chen H,et al.Novel nitrogen-rich porous carbon spheres as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014, 2(39): 16617-16622.

Intrinsic materials properties which have been observed to determine material’s function in various applications are crystallographic structure, morphology (size and shape) and surface chemistry.
Solid-state reaction at high temperature has also been used for the synthesis of titanate structure with nanometric dimensions.
After the treatment, the morphology changed completely to wire- like structure as shown in Fig. 3b & 3c.
Effect of NaOH concentration in the dissolution stage was studied both in terms of morphology as well as crystal structure.
The morphology of nanowire shows that it has a 2D structure with a diameter of about 20nm and length of more than 4μm.

Cooling of cellular extrudant, its range and intensity considerably influence the creation of cellular structure of the extrudant [4, 5].
The construction of the new calibration machine is block structure.
Garbacz, Structure and properties of cellular thin-walled cable coatings.
[3] A.Tor-Świątek, Characteristics of physical structure of poly(vinyl chloride) extrudate modified with microspheres, Polimery, 57, 7-8 (2012) 577-600
Chemistry and Chemical Technology 7, 1 (2013) 113-118

However, the application of wrought alloys is still limited due to the HCP structure [2] and low stacking fault energy [3] of magnesium.
In addition, dislocation structures can also be identified inside of the subgrains, which are observed in Fig. 4(b).
Twinning structure of the specimens deformed at = 0.001s−1 and various temperatures (T=573-673K) is shown in Fig. 5.
b c a Fig. 5 Twinning structures of the deformed material at =0.001s−1 and (a) 573K (b) 623K (c) 673K Conclusions (1) Flow stress decreases with decreasing of strain rate and increasing of temperature.
(3) Dislocation structure of ZK60 alloy was observed in the vicinity of initial grain boundaries, inside of the subgrains and twins.

Bionic strengthen is a method by studying the archetypes of anti-wear and anti-fatigue animals from the view point of bionics, and make the surface of mold “copy” the structures of the archetypes to prolong mold service life[3].
Erosion wear, one of the most important factors is erosion wear, which are results of wear and chemistry wear, melting loss will cause bonding phenomenon of mold and die casting.
Some researchers found that the principal structure of butterfly wings is striated gridding combined by strong wing veins with wing membranous distributing among the striated gridding.
This kind of surface structure makes them high strength and good toughness but light and thin[6].
Due to the rigid texture and dense structure, wing veins exhibited high hardness.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica coated magnetic microspheres on large scale Wenrui Zheng1, a, Jingli Xu1,b 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P.
Introduction The mesoporous materials have generated considerable interest due to their high surface areas, well-defined pore structures, and tunable pore sizes[1].
The surfactants were removed by a fast and efficient ion exchange method (1.2 g of NH4NO3 in 60 mL of ethanol) to obtain SiO2-coated Fe3O4 with mesoporous structure.
The discrete core-shell structure is observed.
Furthermore, the silica shell and the bonding reaction have little effect on the structure of Fe3O4 microsphere.

Therefore, these methods for processing aluminum alloy surface could be used to fabricate the rough structure with micro/nano-size on aluminum alloy.
This indicated the increment of the roughness of the surface after anodizing because of the honeycomb nano-porous structures.
The reason is that the addition of oxalic acid benefited the formation of oxidation film and increased the size of the porous structure.
This indicated that the addition of NaCl led to more and bigger porous structures.
Wenzel: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Vol. 28(1936), p. 988

Rakowska 3 1 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul.
At 820°C, in the atmospheres containing less than 60% SO2, the plate-like structure tends to disappear and the rate of scale formation increases with the concentration of O2 in the SO2/O2 mixtures.
The well-developed plate-like structure on the surface of the FeCrAl alloys is related to the γ → θ phase transformation [8].
As follows from previous papers [9], formation of the plate-like structures is strongly influenced by the composition of the gas phase.
The plate-like structure consist of θ-Al2O3.

A specific structure of the nano-materials TiO2 can improve its application in DSSCs [4,5].
Using liquid phase method controlled synthesis nano linear, bar and dendritic array structure attracting widespread attention.
TiO2 film structure electrical efficiency improved obviously.
So it should be studied further for preparation of a suitable structure of titanium oxide layer.
Mulvaney, Synthesis and characterization of Au/TiO2 core-shell structure nanoparticles, Korean J.

Application of Carbon Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Quenchors in Biochemistry Liyong Wang1a, Yuanyuan Han1b , Yu Ding1c, Bona Li1d, Chaoshan Liu1e 1College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.
For graphene with two dimensional structure of carbon atoms, the most drawbacks was separation the carbon atoms lays and keeping them separated in the whole experimental process, because they will fold and bend easily due to their planar structure of single-atom lay, and poor solubility may be another issure[8].
Carbon nanoparticles(CNPs) are a kind of carbon nanomaterials which analogous to graphene and CNTs, and they contain highly delocalized π electrons, and its surface can easily functionalized through π-π stacking interactions with compounds that possess a π-electron structure [7].
Structure of PFP 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH7.4) Fig. 4 shows the molecular structure of PFP, and it can be seen that PFP molecule possess the rigid and plane structure, so it can shows perfect fluorescent property, in addition to effects of tertiary amine groups in its structure, PFP molecules possess well solubility in water solution.