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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Wen Yan Li, Shi Yong Wang, Xiao Ming Wang
Selective Catalytic Reduction (Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR) technology is internationally recognized as the most developed and widely used method for flue gas denitrification.
The RSDs of flow rate and molar ratio of NH3 to NOX (distribution of CO concentration, symbolized by ) at first catalyst floor were key data and calculated as follows: (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) —RSD; S—standard deviation; —average value.
The numerical results were =5.9m/s and =8.3%, better than the model test data.
Table 3.1 Comparison of model test results and numerical simulation consequences Parameter Design requirements results of CFD consequence of model test Note Velocity distribution ±15% 8.3% 11.1% Above the first layer distribution 10% 4.7% 9.8% Above the first layer Total pressure drop 1200Pa 975Pa 980Pa 390Pa pressure loss caused by two catalyst layer It was indicated that model experiment results were very close to numerical simulation results, which suggested that the data investigated met the design requirements.
The RSDs of flow rate and molar ratio of NH3 to NOX (distribution of CO concentration, symbolized by ) at first catalyst floor were key data and calculated as follows: (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) —RSD; S—standard deviation; —average value.
The numerical results were =5.9m/s and =8.3%, better than the model test data.
Table 3.1 Comparison of model test results and numerical simulation consequences Parameter Design requirements results of CFD consequence of model test Note Velocity distribution ±15% 8.3% 11.1% Above the first layer distribution 10% 4.7% 9.8% Above the first layer Total pressure drop 1200Pa 975Pa 980Pa 390Pa pressure loss caused by two catalyst layer It was indicated that model experiment results were very close to numerical simulation results, which suggested that the data investigated met the design requirements.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: M. Senthil Kumar, K. Mahadevan
A reduction of moisture by 0.1 % corresponds to 365 tons of raw material per year.
Energy consumption can be achieved by the increase of evaporation efficiency followed by the reduction of the number of drying cylinders.
This offers a great advantage over the conventional controller tuning methods which uses the plant model at the nominal operating conditions.System identification to the process of constructing the mathematical model of dynamic systems from the observed input–output data.
Thus with these real time data, the moisture process transfer function has been identified.
Result and Discussion A transfer function to validate the process is obtained with the real time data by using Matlab system identification toolbox.
Energy consumption can be achieved by the increase of evaporation efficiency followed by the reduction of the number of drying cylinders.
This offers a great advantage over the conventional controller tuning methods which uses the plant model at the nominal operating conditions.System identification to the process of constructing the mathematical model of dynamic systems from the observed input–output data.
Thus with these real time data, the moisture process transfer function has been identified.
Result and Discussion A transfer function to validate the process is obtained with the real time data by using Matlab system identification toolbox.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jing Chen
Study on the Application of CVM in the Social Benefits Valuationof Urban Mass Transit
Jing Chen1,2, a
1Nanjing Communications Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211188, China
2Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of Transportation, Nanjing 211188, China
achenjing7618@163.com
Keywords: CVM; social benefits; urban mass transit; valuation
Abstract.
These benefits are as follows: (1) Increased economic productivity from improved mobility; (2) Vehicle cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (3) Reduced chauffeuring requirements for drivers, compared with automobile travel; (4) Reduced congestion and vehicle traffic delays, compared with automobile travel; (5) Parking cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (6) Reduced accidents, compared with automobile travel; (7) Energy conservation and emission reductions, compared with automobile travel; (8) Support for more compact land use development (9) Enhancing working efficiency; (10) Adding employment opportunities.
The coefficients, B, in Eq. (3) are obtained based on the survey data using the Least-Square method.
To validate the model, the simulation results are compared with the survey data. 3.5 Estimation of the social benefits To avoid exhibiting ‘fat tail’ at the high bid amount [9], the WTP distribution is defined between 0 and 500 on the basis of pretest.
Kanninen: The Statistical Analysis of Discrete-response CV Data.No.768.Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley. (1996), p. 1-96 [8] C.
These benefits are as follows: (1) Increased economic productivity from improved mobility; (2) Vehicle cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (3) Reduced chauffeuring requirements for drivers, compared with automobile travel; (4) Reduced congestion and vehicle traffic delays, compared with automobile travel; (5) Parking cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (6) Reduced accidents, compared with automobile travel; (7) Energy conservation and emission reductions, compared with automobile travel; (8) Support for more compact land use development (9) Enhancing working efficiency; (10) Adding employment opportunities.
The coefficients, B, in Eq. (3) are obtained based on the survey data using the Least-Square method.
To validate the model, the simulation results are compared with the survey data. 3.5 Estimation of the social benefits To avoid exhibiting ‘fat tail’ at the high bid amount [9], the WTP distribution is defined between 0 and 500 on the basis of pretest.
Kanninen: The Statistical Analysis of Discrete-response CV Data.No.768.Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley. (1996), p. 1-96 [8] C.
Online since: June 2016
Authors: Svetlana G. Sheina, Lidia V. Girya, Polina V. Fedyaeva
Evaluation of the effect of energy saving solutions to the life cycle of building
We consider the following 3 options of the lifecycle simulation for different sites: Option 1 – Repair work on the individual components (1-2 elements); Option 2 – Repair work in accordance with the Regional Overhaul Program; Option 3 – Complex overhaul considering energy saving measures every 30 years, in accordance with the study data of previous years.
Initial simulation data: 1st Solidity Group 5-storey building.
Table 1 – Efficient operation life reduction (a percentage) due to the normative operation life in different types of operation Construction Period, yrs Efficient operation life reduction (a percentage) due to the normative operation life Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 I Solidity Group 1958-1970 25-30 20-25 None 1971-1980 20-25 15-20 None 1980-2000 15-20 10-15 None II Solidity Group 1958-1970 30-35 25-30 None 1971-1980 25-30 20-25 None 1980-2000 20-25 15-20 None 3.
References: [1] Federal Law No. 271-FZ On Amendments to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Invalidating Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation of 25/12/2012, Official website of Consultant Plus Information on http://www.consultant.ru/document/ cons_doc_LAW _1397 76 (application data 05/07/2013)
Initial simulation data: 1st Solidity Group 5-storey building.
Table 1 – Efficient operation life reduction (a percentage) due to the normative operation life in different types of operation Construction Period, yrs Efficient operation life reduction (a percentage) due to the normative operation life Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 I Solidity Group 1958-1970 25-30 20-25 None 1971-1980 20-25 15-20 None 1980-2000 15-20 10-15 None II Solidity Group 1958-1970 30-35 25-30 None 1971-1980 25-30 20-25 None 1980-2000 20-25 15-20 None 3.
References: [1] Federal Law No. 271-FZ On Amendments to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Invalidating Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation of 25/12/2012, Official website of Consultant Plus Information on http://www.consultant.ru/document/ cons_doc_LAW _1397 76 (application data 05/07/2013)
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Sarat Singamneni, Bin Huang
Alternative Curved Layer Slicing Algorithm
Chakraborty et al [9] and Singamneni et al [10], developed curved layer slicing algorithms based on point cloud data gathered on surfaces followed by the vector cross product methods to determine the offsetting direction.
Deposition path data is developed for each raster angle orientation as depicted in Fig.7.
Initially, the reduction is relatively small, in the lower raster angle range from 0˚ - 30˚.
With further increase in the raster angle, there is a drastic reduction in the flexural strength, and then there is a tendency for gradual stabilization towards the end of the raster angle range.
There is limited data to directly compare these results, the results of tensile tests conducted and reported by Rodríguez et al. [11] on flat layer samples with varying raster angle are in almost similar lines.
Deposition path data is developed for each raster angle orientation as depicted in Fig.7.
Initially, the reduction is relatively small, in the lower raster angle range from 0˚ - 30˚.
With further increase in the raster angle, there is a drastic reduction in the flexural strength, and then there is a tendency for gradual stabilization towards the end of the raster angle range.
There is limited data to directly compare these results, the results of tensile tests conducted and reported by Rodríguez et al. [11] on flat layer samples with varying raster angle are in almost similar lines.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Che Hao Chen, Jong Rong Wang, Chun Kuan Shih, Hao Tzu Lin
The RCS pressure may reach its peak after core power reduction [3].
Plant data for feedwater flow and other input parameters derived from velocity.
And the hot-leg temperatures were then compared with real plant data.
[6] Lyie, T.C., Cheng, T.C., King, C.H.: A tape data management system for Maanshan nuclear power plant, INER Report, INER-OM-0338, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1997)
[7] Wang, J.R., Chen, Y.S., Wang, S.F.: Maanshan unit 2 load reduction and net load trip tests transient analyses, INER Report, INER-0868, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1988).
Plant data for feedwater flow and other input parameters derived from velocity.
And the hot-leg temperatures were then compared with real plant data.
[6] Lyie, T.C., Cheng, T.C., King, C.H.: A tape data management system for Maanshan nuclear power plant, INER Report, INER-OM-0338, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1997)
[7] Wang, J.R., Chen, Y.S., Wang, S.F.: Maanshan unit 2 load reduction and net load trip tests transient analyses, INER Report, INER-0868, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1988).
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Vitaly A. Beregovoi, Aleksandr M. Beregovoi
The analysis of the data, obtained in these works, indicates the multidirectional effect of their introduction [7-9].
For the maximum reduction of the water-solid ratio were used the additives of hyperplasticizers, based on polycarboxylate esters.
Quantitative comparison was carried out by the variables: - water-reducing effect: (5) - reduction of water demand: (6) Components used: During the research were used: mineral powder – finely ground waste of autoclaved aerated concrete (Ssp=6915 cm2/g, dparticles=3.7 μm), quartz sand (size module Ms=1.3), Portland cement cEM II/A-32.5N, plasticizers – S-3, Melflux 2651F, Sikament BV3M.
Influence of the amount of sand on the water absorption of the material (content Portland cement 15%) Comparison of the data in Fig. 2 and 3 shows, that an increase in the content Portland cement in the mixture from 10 to 15% does not affect the water absorption of the samples.
Comparison of the data in Fig. 3 and 5 indicates a significant effect of plasticizers on the water resistance index of the samples (without the addition of 0.66, but with the addition of 0.75).
For the maximum reduction of the water-solid ratio were used the additives of hyperplasticizers, based on polycarboxylate esters.
Quantitative comparison was carried out by the variables: - water-reducing effect: (5) - reduction of water demand: (6) Components used: During the research were used: mineral powder – finely ground waste of autoclaved aerated concrete (Ssp=6915 cm2/g, dparticles=3.7 μm), quartz sand (size module Ms=1.3), Portland cement cEM II/A-32.5N, plasticizers – S-3, Melflux 2651F, Sikament BV3M.
Influence of the amount of sand on the water absorption of the material (content Portland cement 15%) Comparison of the data in Fig. 2 and 3 shows, that an increase in the content Portland cement in the mixture from 10 to 15% does not affect the water absorption of the samples.
Comparison of the data in Fig. 3 and 5 indicates a significant effect of plasticizers on the water resistance index of the samples (without the addition of 0.66, but with the addition of 0.75).
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Maxim Filipenko, Evgeniy Khrapov, Harue Shinoyama, Maxim Kutsev, Mikhail Skaptsov
The data was processed using Bio-Rad CFX95 thermocycler manufacturer’s software.
The ratio of 28S/18S RNA is 1.11, and according to classification RQI is estimated by the device as 7.7 units (Fig. 2a). qPCR indicators such as PCR efficiency (77.4%) and r-squared (0.995) confirm validity of data obtained in the study (Fig. 2c).
The quality of total RNA and RT-PCR data: a) RNA concentration and 28S/18S ratio; b) given concentrations of sample 1(cocultivation with modified heptametiltrisiloxane) and sample 2 (cocultivation with Tween20) diluted with increments of two.
Expression reduction at the stages of plant tissue regeneration is most likely associated with plant cell reparation mechanisms and reduction in transient expression.
The ratio of 28S/18S RNA is 1.11, and according to classification RQI is estimated by the device as 7.7 units (Fig. 2a). qPCR indicators such as PCR efficiency (77.4%) and r-squared (0.995) confirm validity of data obtained in the study (Fig. 2c).
The quality of total RNA and RT-PCR data: a) RNA concentration and 28S/18S ratio; b) given concentrations of sample 1(cocultivation with modified heptametiltrisiloxane) and sample 2 (cocultivation with Tween20) diluted with increments of two.
Expression reduction at the stages of plant tissue regeneration is most likely associated with plant cell reparation mechanisms and reduction in transient expression.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Witsarut Sriratana, Siwakon Sokjabok, Lerdlekha Sriratana
Data from Hall Effect sensor were transfer to the computer for real-time data analysis.
Transfer reaction is called redox reaction or oxidation - reduction reaction as shown in Fig. 4 and it is also directly dependent on electromagnetic flux density of wire.
Fig. 4 Oxidation - reduction reaction while current transferring between electrochemical cell.
Measurement and Analysis of Liquid Conductance Fig. 6 presents the developed system for measuring and analyzing the conductance of liquid samples which includes power supply for supplying current to stimulate and generate magnetic field, magnetic field generator, sensor equipment module, and Arduino microcontroller 10-bit ADC for transferring data to the computer for analysis.
Transfer reaction is called redox reaction or oxidation - reduction reaction as shown in Fig. 4 and it is also directly dependent on electromagnetic flux density of wire.
Fig. 4 Oxidation - reduction reaction while current transferring between electrochemical cell.
Measurement and Analysis of Liquid Conductance Fig. 6 presents the developed system for measuring and analyzing the conductance of liquid samples which includes power supply for supplying current to stimulate and generate magnetic field, magnetic field generator, sensor equipment module, and Arduino microcontroller 10-bit ADC for transferring data to the computer for analysis.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Jian Hui Zhao, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, X. Xin, D. Kurt Gaskill, Charles R. Eddy, Brenda L. VanMil, Jun Hu
In each measurement 4 ms of data were recorded with a sampling rate of 2.5 Gsamples s-1.
From this data, the avalanche breakdown voltage (VBR) is extracted.
This is further supported by the relatively small reduction, about a factor of 4, in the SPDE.
The weak reduction of the SPDE, as well as the relatively small changes in the forward I-V characteristics are not consistent with proton-induced creation of stacking faults, as suggested by Zhiyun et al [5] for JBS diodes, as these would give rise to significant changes in the forward I-V characteristics.
Scott Messenger for arranging the proton irradiation and comments on the data.
From this data, the avalanche breakdown voltage (VBR) is extracted.
This is further supported by the relatively small reduction, about a factor of 4, in the SPDE.
The weak reduction of the SPDE, as well as the relatively small changes in the forward I-V characteristics are not consistent with proton-induced creation of stacking faults, as suggested by Zhiyun et al [5] for JBS diodes, as these would give rise to significant changes in the forward I-V characteristics.
Scott Messenger for arranging the proton irradiation and comments on the data.