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Preparation and Properties of Al-doped ZnO Thin Films for Solar Cells Yinglian Wang1, a, Yuehui Hu1,b and Junyao Ye2,c 1 Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China 2 College of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403, China asdwyl@126.com, b8489023@163.com, csdyejunyao@126.com Keywords: Al-doped ZnO thin films; Al-doped concentration; aging time Abstract.
SnO2:F is easy to be restored black by hydrogen plasma, resulting in deterioration of optical properties, searching for new conductive films to anti corrosion of hydrogen plasma imminently.
But preparation of ZnO: Al thin films by sol-gel has many factors, there are a lot of non-equilibrium state, so the microstructure and production process of films have great relationship.
Fig.1 AFM spectras of ZnO:Al films (a) before treatment (b) after treatment Drying under 150℃, only the solvent ethanol (boiling point is 78.4℃), water (boiling point is 100℃) and some organic compounds evaporate, but the reaction of ammonium acetate (boiling point is 222℃) is still in the film, the presence of ammonium defects during annealing process, the grain growth affected, during drying process, the main component is Zn (OH)2 grain, as well as generated 2Al(OH)(NO3)2·H2O, almost no ZnO grain, as shown in Fig.1.
Analysis shows that Al doping concentration can affect the crystallization of films.

Introduction The pin-connected joints have been widely used in bridges and mechanical engineering.
Some scholars [4] implemented finite element software Ansys to establish a full-size model of the typical pin connection of the building structure to study the contact force distribution, and conducted a theoretical analysis of several major factors affecting the pin contact force distribution.
The weld quality significantly affected the ductilityof the joints as well as energy dissipation.
The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) The welding seams between the chord members and the ear plates significantly affected the failure mode and various mechanical properties of the pinned-connection joints.
[15] Guojun Sun, Mingze Wu, Yuan Yang: Mechanical properties of radial spherical plain bearing (RSPB) joint with an inserted plate for building structural application–An experimental study.

Introduction Sapphire crystal, for its excellent mechanical and optical properties, has been gradually applied in many popular areas such as defense and civilian, which requires high processing efficiency and surface quality of sapphire [1-3].
However, because sapphire has high hardness, brittleness and chemical stability properties, it is difficult to efficiently get high-quality of surface finish [4-5].
The two factors mentioned above cause the difference between experimental results and theoretical estimation Fig.7 shows the schematic illustration of ideal surface profile.
[14] Y W Zhu, J Wang, J Li, K Lin, China Mechanical Engineering, 20(2009):723-727
[15] Z C Lin, W S Huang, J S Tsai, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26(2012): 2353-2364.

The present study found that the factors, which influence storage and freshness of edible fungi, are respiration, transpiration, and browning.
This article, in view of the factors that influence edible fungi freshness-keeping effect, came up with this summary on freshness-keeping technology.
Temperature and proteinase are important factors in the decay of mushrooms.
Maturity, respiration, water content, mechanical damage, and microbial infection can affect the shelf life of edible fungi.
Effect of integrated application of gamma irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging on physicochemical and microbiological properties of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes).

In order to study the physical properties of magnetic confined plasma and the mechanism of various complex plasma phenomena, a lot of plasma diagnostic systems were built around the Tokamak device.
On one hand, due to long mechanical structure of baffle actuator, it has a relatively large load inertia which affects its property of starting and stop.
This feature guarantees the safe and smooth running of baffle mechanical system.
Firstly, the effective thread pitch is not exactly 2.5[mm] and it needs to be calibrated by laser level carefully before positioning, because of the influencing factors like deviation of manufacture and installation, as well as the vibration of whole baffle actuator.
We move the baffle plate up and down repeatedly to explore the most perfect parameters configuration like load inertia ratio, properties of acceleration and deceleration, maximum output torque, slight vibration suppression control, etc. in order to ensure baffle mechanical actuator could operate stably and smoothly.

The mechanical anisotropy can be reduced by tailoring texture through plastic deformation [3].
Among those important deformation processing parameters, deformed texture can be strongly affected by strain path change.
In recent publications, the role of strain path on texture, microstructure and mechanical property of hot rolled pure titanium has been reported [4, 5].
The self-consistent approach regards each grain as inclusion embedded in a homogeneous equivalent medium, having the average properties of the ploycrystal.
Suwas, Effect of strain-paths on mechanical properties of hot rolled commercially pure titanium, Mater.

Surprisingly, some of these properties are what These materials' great value in high-performance engineering applications is due to their unique properties.
Tool wear and wearing, better surface finish, chipping structural properties, and cutting force were used to evaluate service quality.
For this to happen, cryogenic LN2 must be used because of its lubricating properties at the chip–tool and work–tool interfaces.
As a result of these factors, the temperature of the chip–tool interface rises.
Variation in the surface roughness metric's mean at different values of factors. 9.

Table 1 Material property for the numerical model The contact force, frictional force, load on the tunnel liner can be calculated and the safety factor of tunnel liner can be analyzed with the numerical model of tunnel by contact method.
Except for mechanical property of surrounding rock, cover depth, tunnel width, release factor and shape of void may also influence the distribution of rock pressure on tunnel liner.
Depth, Width of Void and Safety Factor.
Fig.8 Influence of void depth in arch Fig.9 Relationship of width of void and safety factor Circular Width and Safety Factor.
Void in arch influences crown most and arch and side is also affected, so void in crown may induce crack or exfoliation in crown and side wall.

Introduction Functional properties of many products and their elements depend not only on their capability to carry the mechanical loads by the element's entire cross-section from the material used or on its physical and chemical properties, but very often - or mostly - on its structure and properties of its surface layers.
The micro-crevices network is very developed on the Ti(C,N)+Al2O3+TiN and TiC+Ti(C,N)+Al2O3+TiN coatings surfaces, compared to the other CVD coatings, which is the decisive factor affecting the examined inserts' functional properties (Fig. 2b).
Therefore, these basic factors impede the tool flank wear rate for the coated tool materials.
Křiž: Tribological properties of the PVD and CVD coatings put down onto the nitride tool ceramics (Proc.12th Scientific International Conference "Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering" AMME'2003, Gliwice-Zakopane, 2003, p. 267)
Pakuła: Structure and properties of the multi-layer PVD and CVD wear-resistant coatings on the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics (PhD Thesis, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gliwice, Poland, 2003, in Polish).

Different grinding operations are used with high demands towards homogenous properties of ground surfaces.
Manufacturing Process of WC-tools The quality of the coated tool is influenced by a multiplicity of factors.
Residual stress measurements and SEM-pictures are used to characterize surface properties.
The workpiece properties are influenced by both kinds of loads -mechanical and thermal - during the grinding process.
In particular, the interface strength of PVDcoatings depends on the surface properties of the substrate.