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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Noraini Ahmad, Anuar Talib, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad
This type of sky illumination also represented the actual sky condition during the in-situ physical daylight measurements using data logged light sensors on 28 December 2010.
Windows were opened and data on selected day were taken for graphs and analysis.
At 13.00h, the introduction of low reflectance ceiling, ρ=0.20 (T1-existing), showed reduced illuminance level at both AWW A& B and OWW C & D showcases as the reduction of reflectance values that absorbed light has created less distribution.
Further reduction of the ceiling reflectance from 90% (T3) to 20% (T2) had the potential to raise illuminance levels in both AWW A & B and OWW C & D showcases.
Whereas, increasing the ceiling reflectance to 90% (T3) resulted in reduction of illuminance levels at all showcases.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Mahesh Chandra Somani, David A. Porter, L. Pentti Karjalainen, R.D.K. Misra
The ductility of these steels in terms of their elongation or reduction of area to fracture in uniaxial tensile testing is generally acceptable, but their uniform elongation, i.e. work hardening capacity is relatively low.
For comparison, the impact toughness data obtained on specimens rolled at a high finish rolling temperature (recrystallized unstrained austenite) followed by direct quenching and partitioning at 320°C are also presented in the same graph.
The results shown in Figs. 5 and 6 show that good combinations of strength, ductility and impact toughness are obtained with laboratory rolling, where the total hot rolling reduction is much lower than that available in an industrial process.
Also included are the tensile and impact property data of the lower carbon, fully martensitic DQ steel.
While the total elongation (A) and reduction of area to fracture (Z) vary in a narrow range, the total uniform elongation (Agt) and the plastic uniform elongation (Ag) are somewhat better at the lower quenching temperature of 290°C (5.5 and 4.7%, respectively).
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Miao Ling Huang, Tsai Chi Kuo, Chiu Hsiang Joe Lin, Yu Yen Lo
Therefore, the international concept of environmental management has also evolved from the negative control on end-of-pipe emissions to the active and integrated product life cycle management and attached great importance to three aspects, “energy conservation”, “reduction in carbon dioxide emissions” and “elimination of harmful chemicals” [2].
waste during the manufacturing process l Reducing the discharge of toxic substances during the manufacturing process l Developing the technology for manufacturing nontoxic substances l Maximizing the reuse of waste materials and waste products l Evaluating the suppliers and their supplies in accordance with environmental laws and regulations l Taking preventive measures against problems that cause environmental pollutions l Establishing channels for recycling l Reducing greenhouse gas emissions during the manufacturing process Environmental Management l Applying the certified environmental standard system l Setting up the department to control the discharge of toxic substances l Educating and training employees about environment l Understanding the environment and implementing green laws and regulations l Regularly inspecting the implementation of green environmental laws and regulations and following up the effects l Setting goals of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction
and regularly following up the effects l Taking necessary preventive measures and correcting coping strategies in a timely manner l Achieving the third party certification (ISO14001, ISO 14064) l Creating a database of environmental data l Setting up the team to promote environmental protection Environmental Protection l Monitoring and evaluating gas emissions to meet the environmental protection standards l Making the discharge of wastewater treatment system up to environmental protection standards l Establishing and reasonably utilizing the wastewater reuse system l Collecting, transporting and treating waste l Detecting, monitoring, evaluating and improving the environment l Applying environmental education, training and information l Supporting green supply chain management and valuing green values of products Method As shown in Table 1, this study developed five aspects of 41 environmental performance indicators, including green product design, green product recycling
The data of this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0.
Furthermore, since the reduction in pollution and waste usually entails a huge amount of equipment investment and the re-planning and re-design of manufacturing, many small and medium-sized enterprises short of labor power and funds will fail to achieve satisfactory environmental performance.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Nino Spinella, Alessia Monaco, Piero Colajanni, Lidia La Mendola
The cyclic response in Fig. 5a shows that, in the first three cycles, the specimen exhibits no significant damage with limited stiffness reduction due to the cracking of the end sections of the beam.
In spite of a considerable reduction of stiffness, a negligible loss of strength is observed, with a maximum load of 128 kN reached at the 8th cycle, 35.5% greater than the theoretical conventional resistance.
The model of Hwang and Lee (HL) is based on a physical approach and has been extensively validated against several experimental data [8].
It is based on a wide regression of experimental data.
The plots show a good capacity of the specimen to dissipate energy and an almost negligible loss of strength in spite of a reduction in stiffness.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Nur Khairiyah Basri, Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor, Sitti Asmah binti Hassan
Efforts aimed to promote the awareness on carbon footprint reduction can be fulfilled by changing individual routine choices including travel behaviour.
For example, Joewono et al. [12] and Subbarao and Krishna Rao [13] trying to explore the travel behaviour on activity-based data through travel diary.
The authors would like to express their appreciation for the cooperation and support received from all parties in the data collection process.
Jayed, Potential emission reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries.
Goodwin, Smarter Choices: Assessing the Potential to Achieve Traffic Reduction Using "Soft Measures.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Federico Grisotto, Achraf Ghorbal, Cédric Goyer, Serge Palacin, Julienne Charlier
The Pt ultra-microelectrode (UME) was polarized at -0.4 V corresponding to the iron reduction potential.
Fig. 1: Optical microscopy image of the localized electrografted PNP initiated by the electroreduction of NBD (2 10-3 mol.dm-3), H2SO4 0.25 mol.dm-3; 50 µm-Pt UME, d = 20 µm, I=-2 mA, lines obtained at a scan rate of 50 µm s-1, t= 5 s The local XPS analysis, performed inside and outside the grafted pattern and summarized in table 1, gives interesting data in order to investigate the mechanism of the localized grafting, in particular the role played by the tip generated species.
These two potentials correspond to the threshold potential to ensure the reduction of the nitrobenzene diazonium salt on the substrate at one side, and the oxidation of the water at the tip, on the other side.
These data are reported on figure 2b.
Podvorica, Attachment of organic layers to conductive or semiconductive surfaces by reduction of diazonium salts., Chem.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Genny Sciarra, Massimo Tronci, Francesco Costantino, Giulio Di Gravio
In terms of preventing the production of waste, the strategy aims to a substantial reduction of those products that are to become such and, in general, to reduce their environmental impact, though without setting quantified targets.
As completion of a complex set of rules, in 2008 the European Commission approved the Directive 2008/98/EC on waste [4], which aims to help the European Union in the orientation towards the establishment of a “recycling society” as a system based on a gradual reduction in the production of waste and its use as a resource.
However, many other sectors can be identified, normed and widespread, with significant environmental benefits in terms of resource consumption and reduction of the flow of materials towards landfills.
The interviews were addressed to previously selected operators and each interview allowed us to compare the declared presence of wastes with data from regional and provincial databases, in order to verify the presence of eventual inconsistencies and to ensure that major product categories had not been neglected.
Facts, Data, Graphics, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Retrieved September 15th, 2012, from http://www.bmu.de/files/english/pdf/application/pdf/broschuere_abfallwirtschaft_deutschland_en_bf.pdf [10] Mo.Re & Mo.Re project website Retrieved September 25th, 2012, from: http://www.life-moreandmore.eu/moreandmore/index.php?
Online since: December 2013
Authors: S.G. Prolongo, Alberto Jiménez-Suárez, B.G. Melitón, M. Campo, A. Ureña
When the voltage was applied, the sourcemeter measured the intensity during 1 minute and register the data for the ten measurements.
Force and displacement were recorded getting afterwards stress and strain from these data and the geometrical parameters of the samples used.
This aspect agrees with the fact that this reduction in the aggregate size caused an increase in the materials density.
This reduction was related to three effects: 1) possible shortening of the MWCNT [20], 2) extremely good disaggregation is not always related to highest electrical conductivity [21], and 3) differences in distribution homogeneity [22].
Nevertheless, the higher the length of the MWCNT is, the more important could be the shortening that may take place, which could explain the stronger reduction found for long MWCNT.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhi Qiang Mao, Zhong Chun Sun, Xing Ping Luo, Yong Song, Liang Wang
Based on the GR spectrum log data, cross plots of GR value versus uranium, thorium and potassium respectively, are made and shown in Fig. 4.
The gray mudstone and thick coal beds are the main oil and gas source rock in the study area, which can provide abundant reduced oil and gas to the reduction of UO2+2.
The 3D seismic data of this area shows that a series of small faults in the direction of east to west are founded.
Du: Gas reduction: an important factor in the formation of Uranium deposits, Uranium Geology, vol. 11 (1995), p.19-24 [16]H.B.
Quan: Direct evidences for reduction of pitchblende by pitch in the sawapuqi uranium deposit, Xinjiang, Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry, vol. 26 ( 2007), p. 246-248 [17]S.X.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Xi Ping Huang, Bi Jun Luo, Hai Hong Wu, Dan Wu, Tao Wang
According to the results of the experimental data, the relationship of nucleus particle-number density n0 and crystal growth rate G with the residence time, temperature and the stirring speed is summarized.
And the calcium sulfate will produce some adverse consequences such as flow area reduction, heat transfer coefficient decrease, energy consumption increase and so on.
Temperature [ºC] Stirring Rate [r/min] Residence Time [h] Suspended Density [g/cm3] Average Diameter [μm] 1 30 120 0.33h 0.0295 156.6 2 30 120 0.67h 0.0334 169.4 3 30 120 1.0h 0.0254 145.3 4 30 200 0.33h 0.0203 126.1 5 30 200 0.67h 0.0215 123.9 6 30 200 1.0h 0.0225 121.3 3.3 Nucleus particle-number density n0 and crystal growth rate G: Using a Laser particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the crystal particle distribution, and the distribution graphs are showed in Fig.2: (a) 30 ºC 120r/min 0.33h (b) 30 ºC 120r/min 0.67h (c) 30 ºC 120r/min 1.0h (d) 30 ºC 200r/min 0.33h (e) 30 ºC 200r/min 0.67h (f) 30 ºC 200r/min 1.0h Fig.2 Particle Size Distribution Graph The crystal particle-number density n is calculated by Eq.4 according to the data of the particle size distribution.
(2) At the same temperature, the nucleus particle-number density n0 and nucleation rate coefficient k2 is proportional to stirring speed, as well as crystal growth rate G is inversely proportional to stirring speed; (3) At the same stirring speed, the nucleus particle-number density n0 and nucleation rate coefficient k2 is proportional to temperature, as well as crystal growth rate G is inversely proportional to temperature; (4) According to the results of the experimental data, there are two crystallization kinetics formula is given in this paper: under 30ºC and 120r/min the crystallization kinetics formula is derived to be: B0=1.16×104G0.16, as well as under 30ºC and 200r/min the crystallization kinetics formula is derived to be: B0=1.30×104G0.73 Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by “Public science and technology research funds projects of ocean (201005021) and (201405008)”.
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