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Optimization Design of CDL The amount of vibration response reduction by a constrained damping layer is dependent upon the design parameters.
By attaching constrained damping layer patches on the base PCB panel, a reduction of 12 dB compare with the bare PCB is achieved in the vibration level of the second resonant peak.
Optimization of segmented constrained layer damping with mathematical programming using strain energy analysis and modal data[J].
Optimal Placement of a Constrained Damping Layer for Reduction of Interior Noise, 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. 2006

., in the mechanism, its reduction improves several aspects of mechanical design as well [1].
A balanced mechanism has good dynamic performance due to the reduction of the actuator forces (torques), especially for the heavy machine or having large payload with slow speed [12].
The output data to asses slats deformations are the amplitude of the first harmonic resonance derived from the threshing drum unbalance.
A balanced mechanism has good dynamic performance since it leads to a considerable reduction of the actuator forces (torques).

Compressor Transducer System Data Acquisition System Computer Fig. 2 Block diagram of measurement system In this test, several structure adjustments are realized by adjusting deflection angles of IGV and stator adjustable vanes.
Wisler: Loss Reduction in Axial Flow Compressors Through Lower-Speed Model Testing: Journal of Turbomachinery, Vo1. 107 (1995), p. 354-363
Neise: Experimental Study of Tip Clearance Losses and Noise in Axial Turbomachines and Their Reduction: Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 119 (1997), p. 460-471
Neise: Reduction of Tip Clearance Losses and Noise in Axial-Flow Machines: AGARD PEP 85th Meeting on Loss Mechanisms and Unsteady Flows in Turbomachines (Derby, UK, May, 1995), p. 8-12

Table 1 – Summary of data from mechanical studies(Mean±SD) of control, unfunctionalised, carboxy1 functionalised MWCNTs loaded cements.
CNTs) and other cements The incorporation of functionalised MWCNTs into the cements using magnetic stirring did not have a wholly positive effect on the mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposite cement, reductions in compressive strength (≈11%; p-value < 0.001) and bend strength (≈4%), improvements in compressive modulus (≈1.2%) and bend modulus (≈6.8%) were observed compared with the control.
Adding unfunctionalised MWCNTs into the cement using magnetic stirring prior to cement mixing resulted in a reduction in compressive strength (≈2%), bend strength (≈18%; p-value < 0.01), compressive modulus (≈2%) and bend modulus (≈8%) when compared to the control cement.
However a reduction in bend modulus (≈3%) was also observed.

The figure shows that the hardness of MDF is slightly decreased (4-11% reduction) with the presence of ATH.
The impact strength of the EFB-MDF decreased linearly with the ATH content with an average reduction of only 13.4% up to 15 wt% ATH.
As described in previous section, the ATH-ATH and ATH-PU encapsulated systems have been the major factor in causing reduction in the mechanical properties.
Fig. 4 SEM micrographs of (a) EFB-MDF and EFB-MDF filled with (b) 5 wt% ATH(c) 10 wt% ATH (d) 15 wt% ATH Conclusion These data support the important of compatibilizing the filler with the matrix.

Biochar is produced with the intent to improve soil quality and mitigate climate change [1].There are a lot of positive effects associated with biochar application in soils including increase of plant production, improvement of soil quality and nutrient cycling, reduction of the nutrients leaching, increase of microbial biomass and activity, and enhancement of sorption capacity for organic contaminants in soils [2].
However, negative influences (e.g., inhibition of plant growth, reduction of N bioavailability) have been stated, which may be resulted from the presence of toxic compounds in biochars [2, 3].
However, in some case, high temperatures led to formation of pyrolytic carbon, which resulted in a reduction in the yields of PAHs [3, 19].
However, few data were reported on VOCs in biochars.

Phase identification was made based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (CuKa1+2), which were obtained on an X-ray powder diffractometer (RINT 2500, Rigaku Co., Ltd., Japan) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA.
In order to know the difference in PL property between the two types of annealing, the possibility of a reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ ion was measured by XANES, using a synchrotron beam.
In previously reported studies, the reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ occurred in BaAl2O4 [13] and Ba0.79Al10.9O17.14 [14] prepared in air.
Hong, Reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ in BaAlO4:Eu phosphor prepared in an oxidizing atmosphere and luminescent properties of BaAl2O4:Eu., J.

Considering these, and in view of broad development and increase in number of Japanese ecomaterials in recent years, 'Ecomaterials Forum' proposed a new type of classification [7] into six vector groups each of which has its particular direction and value regarding the reduction of environmental burden.
Process of Research In this report, we analysed the same data (ecomaterials) used in our previous reports [5,6,8,9] in accordance with the new types of classification.
Automobile and related industry In the new engineering developments in producing many new types of automobiles recently, the industry has had many "Greener process" such as containers for promoting a modal shift (for example, railways employed to transport production parts), reduction of packaging and wrapping materials, improved packaging boxes, materials for reduction in environmental impact per unit of production, and many other materials, and "Greener resource" such as eco-plastics, bio-based plastics (natural materials), many types of recycled materials, recycled End-of-Life parts and many others.

In August 2012, the State Council issued the Energy-saving Emission Reduction of ‘12th five-year plan’ , which including energy saving reconstruction and the Energy Performance Contracting in the energy saving emission reduction 10 key projects, Green Building Action Plan also encourages the energy-saving building to adopt the mode of EPC.
There is a growing proportion of the energy consumption of building to the social energy consumption in China, energy saving and reconstruction of building has gradually become the core of energy saving and emission reduction.
In fact, the data of energy saving effect provided by Energy Service Companies is almost based on the theory analysis, so the energy-saving effect may not be obvious when it is in the implementation and operation of specific projects.

According to machine data in Table I and setting lM to 50 mm, the cogging force reaches to 21.37 N with Δx = τM /3.
Conclusion The cogging force reduction of the PMTFLSM is studied in this paper.
Hong: Cogging Torque and Ripple Torque Reduction of a Novel Exterior-rotor Geared Motor, Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (2012), p.1477-1485
Landy: Reduction of Cogging Forces in Linear Synchronous Motors, IEEE AFRICON, Vol. 2, (1999), p.623-626 [8] W.T.