Search results

Bandera et al. [13], The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has identified seven major eco-efficiency elements for companies: material reduction, energy reduction, toxicity reduction, material retrieval, increase usage of renewable resources, product durability extension, and increase intensity of product service.
This methodology presents a cartography of the quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative approaches for the visualization of the relevant data for the designer.

However, at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures, the loss of oxygen induces the reduction of Ce +4 to Ce +3, producing electronic conduction (Po2 < 10 -12 atm at 900 °C) [7,8].
In order to avoid GDC reduction, it may be used as an electrolyte for SOFCs in the temperature range from 500 °C to 650 °C [10,11,12,13,14].
So, the use of GDC as an electrolyte in SOFC could promote the reduction of its costs [11].
The analysis of the X-ray diffractograms obtained was made by comparison with those filed at the Joint Committee on Power Diffraction Standards/International Center for Diffraction Data (JCPD/ICDD).

Finally, the data obtained from these tests were analyzed and compared.
The activation and hydration of slag can produce good affect on strength development, and therefore complement the strength reduction caused by the fly ash.
Table 2 gives the air permeability indexes API and the pressure reduction ΔP from the 5th minute to the 15th minute for the HPC and NC specimens.
Specimens ASI [] Average of ASI [] ΔV [μL] Average of ΔV [μL] B-HPC1* 0.0084 0.0028 3 1 B-HPC2 0 0 B-HPC3 0 0 B-NC1 0 0.00926 0 1.33 B-NC2 0.0052 1 B-NC3 0.0226 3 *B represents test method (water absorption), the number represents different specimens However, in literature, fly ash and slag can lead to significant reduction in permeability of NC [9], but their effects on HPC are not obvious [10].

Results and Discussion Relationship Netween Adsorption Capacity and Outer Electron Configuration of Metal Ions.The experimental datum in table1 indicate that adsorption capacities of immobilized bayberry tannin to these metal ions located at principal quantum number 2, 3, 4 and 5, and ns group, np group, IB group, IIB group and lanthanide series are relatively low.
Relationship Between Adsorption Capacity andRadius and Outer Eelectronic Configuration of Metal ions Located in np Group.The table 2’s datum indicate that adsorption capacities of metal ions located in np group on immobilized bayberry tannin increase with an increase of the radiuses of metal ions.
Despite CFSE of Hg(II) and Au(III) are 0Dq their adsorption capacities are relatively high, which should be more due to aggregation and state change of Hg(II) in water solution, and the oxidation-reduction reaction between Au(III) and tannin.
In addition the oxidation-reduction reaction between the two metal ions and tannin could take place[4].
These should be due to oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal ions and tannin.

Material Processing and Characterisation The solution treated at 1060 oC commercial AISI 304L grade austenitic stainless steel was subjected to multi pass unidirectional cold rolling of 90% of reduction in thickness in a two-high rolling mill.
TSL OIM analysis software was used for data analysis.
Interestingly, no significant increase in the grain size and reduction in the fraction of low angle boundaries (LAB) were found by increasing the number of TC.
The high recrystallisation kinetics should promote the reduction of the average grain size.

Introduction The stronger international competition, together with the increasing demands of the costumers is leading to a drastic reduction of the product's life time and as a consequence to shorter development cycles.
In the field of automotive this trend goes together with the introduction of new lightweight concepts for the reduction of the vehicles' weight and consumption, like the use of new materials, new manufacturing technologies and new design solutions [1].
Nevertheless the results obtained by numerical approaches can be only as precise as the input data used for modeling the plastic, friction and failure behavior of the material.
It follows that a complex strain path biaxial stretching - plain strain leads to a drastic reduction of the material formability, while the combination biaxial stretching - uniaxial tension gives an unchanged formability compared to a linear strain path up to the same final strains.

All these temperatures, pressures were record using the LabVIEW data acquisition system.
The maximum EGR and minimum air flow were applied during the rapid reduction in exhaust flow.
However, there was no obviously reduction in peak temperature compared to DPF regeneration during idle without control, the maximum temperature was still around 870℃at TC4.
A reduction of peak temperature by 130˚C was achieved with the control strategy activated compared to the uncontrolled regeneration during idle without control.

The curves show that there are different oxidation peak potential and reduction peak potential at various CA ratios.
And the biggest oxidation peak current and reduction peak current are obtained at CA:AN=1:4.
a-1:5；b-1:4；c-1:3；d-1:2；e-1:1 Fig. 2 CV curves of PANI composite at various CA and aniline ratio The specific capacitance of PANI/CA composite electrode materials is calculated from the following equation: , where Cp is the specific capacitance of electrode materials (F•g-1), Ia and Ic are the current of oxidation and reduction peaks respectively (mA), m is the mass of the activated material (g), is the scanning rate of voltage (mv•s-1).
Table2 Charge and discharge data of supercapacitors at various CA and aniline CA:AN Cp(F·g-1) Ep(Wh·kg-1) 1:5 6.67 2.08 1:4 127.53 39.85 1:3 32.66 10.21 1:2 20.44 5.39 1:1 7.00 2.19 Ni(OH)2 and PANI/CA composite electrode materials as positive and negative electrodes respectively, are assembled into a supercapacitor.

Low sintering temperature means energy saving and cost reduction.
At the same time, the reduction of preparation time also made the low coat of the preparation.
To pre-fabricate high-quality textured NiO epitaxial films on nickel substrate could be avoid spontaneous oxidation of nickel substrate and make reduction of the thickness of the upper buffer layer to prevent the diffusion of ions.
In order to evaluate the texture degree, orientation index P(200) of SBO could be calculated from each pattern in Fig. 3(a) via the following Eq.1 [22]: (1) Where, P(200) is orientation index, I(200) and I(111) are the SBO (200) and SBO (111) peaks intensity in experimental data, A and B are the relative intensities of SBO (200) peak and SBO (111) peaks in standard PDF diffraction cards (00-027-1045).

The last factor affecting the thermal balance between the forming surface and the melt being poured is a possible reduction in the coefficient of the forming surface.
Thus, when casting zinc alloys under pressure at a low casting temperature (about 380 °C), a slight reduction will provide a greater effect than when casting aluminum, magnesium or copper alloys.
Shafigullin, Automation of metal and alloy melting processes using spectral analysis data on the composition of exit gase, IOP Conf.
Savin, Calculation of the amount of the reduction required for the formation of compound layers during cold rolling of bimetals, Materials Science Forum. 870 (2016) 328-333