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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Chao Ni, Hong Qiu, Chun Guo Kang, Zheng Chang, Chun Miao Cai, Hua Jun Jiang
In order to determine their sources, samples were collected from a number of representative areas, such as the dust loess, river sediment of the Songhua River and the Horqin sandy land.
The analysis of the total of 54 samples were collected for heavy minerals and the detailed experiment process are as follows: One kilogram deposits were weighted after the samples dried, adding water immersion for 48 hours and sketchy elutriation, then using heavy-fluid (bromoform, the proportion is 2.89 g/cm3) for the separation of light and heavy minerals, heavy minerals separated with alcohol washed repeatedly, constant temperature of 60℃ after drying with electronic weighing scales (the precision is 0.1mg), then according to the number of heavy minerals part by division method to separate a portion of the samples, selecting 10 minerals in field of vision to identify with the strip method under stereoscopic microscope, take the average to reduce the analysis error, each heavy mineral sample identification of particle number is more than 600 grains, calculating the percentage of each kind of heavy mineral grains and the result is the average value of multiple samples [3-5].
The analysis of the total of 54 samples were collected for heavy minerals and the detailed experiment process are as follows: One kilogram deposits were weighted after the samples dried, adding water immersion for 48 hours and sketchy elutriation, then using heavy-fluid (bromoform, the proportion is 2.89 g/cm3) for the separation of light and heavy minerals, heavy minerals separated with alcohol washed repeatedly, constant temperature of 60℃ after drying with electronic weighing scales (the precision is 0.1mg), then according to the number of heavy minerals part by division method to separate a portion of the samples, selecting 10 minerals in field of vision to identify with the strip method under stereoscopic microscope, take the average to reduce the analysis error, each heavy mineral sample identification of particle number is more than 600 grains, calculating the percentage of each kind of heavy mineral grains and the result is the average value of multiple samples [3-5].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yong He
The traditional arrangement, so as to determine the number of sensor nodes with huge or sensor location of wireless sensor network with mobile sensor nodes, is obviously difficult to achieve.
Organization of the Text Wireless Sensor Networks.Now there are two kinds of sensor node localization algorithms: a localization algorithm based on distance, placing special positioning hardware on the sensor nodes to determine position, usually by using triangulation method or three side positioning method [1], energy consumption will increase with the number of nodes increases.
Sensor node localization accuracy for the following theorem:Theorem 1 in the classification of grain set of unknown position sensor node without the premise for the wrong points, sensor node localization problem in the region, the positioning error is at most Proof: [a, b]*[c, d] area, vertical and horizontal coordinates are equal can be obtained after the different categories of sensor node is a rectangular area of the length and width, namely (B-A) /M and (d-c) /M, if the communication volume for localization of sensor nodes and anchor nodes can be classified correctly, then the real position error of unknown nodes estimate the unknown node does not exceed the rectangle diagonal length, i.e.
To be ranging anchor node and between nodes for localization: Is a random number of normal distribution, its mean value is 0, variance is 0.1, said the errors of range and the actual distance is used to.
However, classification of grain size is small, the number of categories will be training set increases, the test accuracy, the test sample in the risk of adjacent categories of value will increase, so the test accuracy.
Organization of the Text Wireless Sensor Networks.Now there are two kinds of sensor node localization algorithms: a localization algorithm based on distance, placing special positioning hardware on the sensor nodes to determine position, usually by using triangulation method or three side positioning method [1], energy consumption will increase with the number of nodes increases.
Sensor node localization accuracy for the following theorem:Theorem 1 in the classification of grain set of unknown position sensor node without the premise for the wrong points, sensor node localization problem in the region, the positioning error is at most Proof: [a, b]*[c, d] area, vertical and horizontal coordinates are equal can be obtained after the different categories of sensor node is a rectangular area of the length and width, namely (B-A) /M and (d-c) /M, if the communication volume for localization of sensor nodes and anchor nodes can be classified correctly, then the real position error of unknown nodes estimate the unknown node does not exceed the rectangle diagonal length, i.e.
To be ranging anchor node and between nodes for localization: Is a random number of normal distribution, its mean value is 0, variance is 0.1, said the errors of range and the actual distance is used to.
However, classification of grain size is small, the number of categories will be training set increases, the test accuracy, the test sample in the risk of adjacent categories of value will increase, so the test accuracy.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Mian Hao Zhang
Important parameters
identified that influence the surface quality generated during final mechanical polishing for a given
work material with a given abrasive (grain size) are polishing force, polishing paths, rotation speed,
feed rate [1].
The variance can he expressed by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and rewritten as Eq.(2) )/1log(10/ 2 σ =NS (2) In order to reduce the number of tests and determine the optimum design parameters and their levels, the orthogonal array is introduced.
The concentration abrasive for grit size 100 is available, and abrasive grain is made from aluminum oxide (A2O3).
( 21 +++= (4) Where iR is average value of trial number, "i" is trial number, "k" is total the number i of region where surface roughness values are measured in a trial run from sample data.
The variance can he expressed by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and rewritten as Eq.(2) )/1log(10/ 2 σ =NS (2) In order to reduce the number of tests and determine the optimum design parameters and their levels, the orthogonal array is introduced.
The concentration abrasive for grit size 100 is available, and abrasive grain is made from aluminum oxide (A2O3).
( 21 +++= (4) Where iR is average value of trial number, "i" is trial number, "k" is total the number i of region where surface roughness values are measured in a trial run from sample data.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Corrado Piconi, Monica Sandri
Driskell in the USA, that was implanted in a relatively high number of cases.
It is containing some 2–3 mol% Y2O3 (yttria), and almost completely constituted by tetragonal grains some hundreds of nanometers in size (less than 0.5 µm), the balance being some cubic phase.
The submicron tetragonal (T) grains are able to transform to monoclinic (M) when the constraint exerted on them by the matrix is relieved, i.e. by a crack advancing into the matrix.
So far, the production of dental implant systems is booming in a number of European countries (Table 2), and some of these systems already got the FDA approval.
Then, the number of procedures performed with ceramic implants is estimated to grow at a rate 6% -8% /year between 2016-2025.
It is containing some 2–3 mol% Y2O3 (yttria), and almost completely constituted by tetragonal grains some hundreds of nanometers in size (less than 0.5 µm), the balance being some cubic phase.
The submicron tetragonal (T) grains are able to transform to monoclinic (M) when the constraint exerted on them by the matrix is relieved, i.e. by a crack advancing into the matrix.
So far, the production of dental implant systems is booming in a number of European countries (Table 2), and some of these systems already got the FDA approval.
Then, the number of procedures performed with ceramic implants is estimated to grow at a rate 6% -8% /year between 2016-2025.
Online since: February 2007
Authors: R. Mishra, Govind P. Kothiyal, B.I. Sharma, J.V. Yakhmi, Madhumita Goswami
., which in effect allow the growth of large number of small crystallites in the glass
matrix.
A number of studies related to mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of this material have shown that among others, crystal morphology/crystallinity factor governs the different properties [7-12].
This figure clearly shows the existence mixed phases of fluorophlogopite and MgSiO3 in the form of large flake like structure and fine grains.
This implies that there is an appreciable contribution of space charge polarization at this region, because of the presence of the more number of grain boundaries/ interfaces as compared to other two samples, having only one crystalline phase.
Further it is also seen that the sample containing 14.71 mol% alumina have very fine grains (Fig .2 (c)) with more interfaces/grain boundaries, hence shows slightly higher ε' value compared to the sample having major fluorophlogopite phase, with flake like microstructure.
A number of studies related to mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of this material have shown that among others, crystal morphology/crystallinity factor governs the different properties [7-12].
This figure clearly shows the existence mixed phases of fluorophlogopite and MgSiO3 in the form of large flake like structure and fine grains.
This implies that there is an appreciable contribution of space charge polarization at this region, because of the presence of the more number of grain boundaries/ interfaces as compared to other two samples, having only one crystalline phase.
Further it is also seen that the sample containing 14.71 mol% alumina have very fine grains (Fig .2 (c)) with more interfaces/grain boundaries, hence shows slightly higher ε' value compared to the sample having major fluorophlogopite phase, with flake like microstructure.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Yong Xue, Zhi Min Zhang, Yao Jin Wu
The Cockcroft-Latham constant, Cmax (critical damage factor), is dependent on metallurgical properties such as the microstructure, alloy constants, grain size, grain form, and non-metallic inclusion content, whilst having a small effect on the strength and the hardness, have a significant effect on the critical damage factor [13].
The shaded area is flow instability zone and the equivalent line number indicates the power dissipation factor.
The main reason of flow instability occurring at low temperatures (<573K) is the generation of non-uniform grain boundary deformation .The microstructure of AZ80 alloy under this condition is inhomogeneous (see Fig.5a), while macroscopic microcrack of the sample also appeared.
(a) ε=0.2 (b) ε=0.5 Fig.4 DDM Processing map of AZ80 alloy with different true strain (a) 0.01s-1 (b) 1s-1 Fig.5 Microstructure of AZ80 alloy compressed at 523K If AZ80 is deformed at high temperatures (573-723K), it can be seen that when the strain rate is 0.01s-1, there are a number of inhomogeneous deformation structure (see Fig.6a).
When the strain rate rises to 1s-1, the deformed grains distribute more evenly (see Fig.6b), and the grain boundary becomes irregular and curved, indicating occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization under this conditions and this microstructure belongs to the typical dynamic recrystallization structure.
The shaded area is flow instability zone and the equivalent line number indicates the power dissipation factor.
The main reason of flow instability occurring at low temperatures (<573K) is the generation of non-uniform grain boundary deformation .The microstructure of AZ80 alloy under this condition is inhomogeneous (see Fig.5a), while macroscopic microcrack of the sample also appeared.
(a) ε=0.2 (b) ε=0.5 Fig.4 DDM Processing map of AZ80 alloy with different true strain (a) 0.01s-1 (b) 1s-1 Fig.5 Microstructure of AZ80 alloy compressed at 523K If AZ80 is deformed at high temperatures (573-723K), it can be seen that when the strain rate is 0.01s-1, there are a number of inhomogeneous deformation structure (see Fig.6a).
When the strain rate rises to 1s-1, the deformed grains distribute more evenly (see Fig.6b), and the grain boundary becomes irregular and curved, indicating occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization under this conditions and this microstructure belongs to the typical dynamic recrystallization structure.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: A.A. Lytkin
As a result of the technological process of alumina production, partial hydration of slurry grains occurs with the formation of hydrates on their surface, which are mainly in a gel state.
It is necessary to note the relatively high values of sludge durability immediately after compaction of the layer (0.7–1.2 MPa), which we explain, first of all, due the presence of gel hydrates shells on the surface of the slurry grains.
The pavement structures on the ring test bench: I - VI - section numbers.
The intensification of the strength of reshaped and re-compacted samples, as well as materials in the structures of pavements under movement, is due to the fact that a significant reserve of unhydrated binder and sludge grains are preserved at the time of re-compaction in gel state [10, 14].
In addition, the sludge is a coarse material consisting of relatively weak grains.
It is necessary to note the relatively high values of sludge durability immediately after compaction of the layer (0.7–1.2 MPa), which we explain, first of all, due the presence of gel hydrates shells on the surface of the slurry grains.
The pavement structures on the ring test bench: I - VI - section numbers.
The intensification of the strength of reshaped and re-compacted samples, as well as materials in the structures of pavements under movement, is due to the fact that a significant reserve of unhydrated binder and sludge grains are preserved at the time of re-compaction in gel state [10, 14].
In addition, the sludge is a coarse material consisting of relatively weak grains.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ying Peng Wang
The emergence stratum mainly is Palaeozoic sediment rock series, drape, rift grow, magma activity is delicacy which lithology mainly contains Dark clouds inclined long gneiss biotite monzonitic schist dark clouds become grain rock marble and various contact metamorphic rock.
ArsI, Ars Ⅳ are n fine-grained subhedral a euhedral large number of outputs in the East Ore Zone and West ore zones that constitute the East Ore Zone and West Mineral bonanza.
The mineralogy flag: arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite containing Au nature are good, they appeared in large numbers near the lot as the main gold-bearing mineral, is bound to have a gold The orebody exist.
in fine-grained, semi-euhedral - euhedral arsenopyrite containing Au and good, as the main form of the prospecting standard type.
Fine-grained, euhedral - subhedral the {100} + {111} and {210} + {100} pyrite containing Au, is a good prospecting indicators.
ArsI, Ars Ⅳ are n fine-grained subhedral a euhedral large number of outputs in the East Ore Zone and West ore zones that constitute the East Ore Zone and West Mineral bonanza.
The mineralogy flag: arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite containing Au nature are good, they appeared in large numbers near the lot as the main gold-bearing mineral, is bound to have a gold The orebody exist.
in fine-grained, semi-euhedral - euhedral arsenopyrite containing Au and good, as the main form of the prospecting standard type.
Fine-grained, euhedral - subhedral the {100} + {111} and {210} + {100} pyrite containing Au, is a good prospecting indicators.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: De Sun, Guang Ning Wei, Er Long Gao, Xue Song Li, Bing Hui Yan
Compared with the pure Ni coating, Go sheet is uniformly bonded to the nickel matrix, the average grain size is significantly reduced, the hardness of the composite matrix is improved, the plasticity is reduced, and the thermal stability is improved.
As can be seen from the figure, with the increase of the content of graphene from 0 g/L to 0.9 g/L, the structure of the coating gradually changed from a thick needle-like structure to a small cauliflower-like structure, forming a dense and uniform coating; When the content of graphene was more than 0.9g/L and continued to increase to 1.2g/L, the composite coating was irregular needle with larger grain spacing and rough surface.
The main reason for this phenomenon is that when the content of graphene is less, the electrodeposition is formed on the substrate surface of the plate are cobalt ion and cobalt hydroxide ion, resulting to more cobalt elements on the surface of the coating, which increases the grain size of the coating surface and presents a coarse needle like morphology.
The rate of nucleation makes the grains more fully refined.
When the content of graphene reached 0.9g/L, the mass fraction and atomic number of C element were the largest, the mass fraction and atomic number of nickel and cobalt element also changed due to the influence of C element, and the maximum content of C was 15.69%.
As can be seen from the figure, with the increase of the content of graphene from 0 g/L to 0.9 g/L, the structure of the coating gradually changed from a thick needle-like structure to a small cauliflower-like structure, forming a dense and uniform coating; When the content of graphene was more than 0.9g/L and continued to increase to 1.2g/L, the composite coating was irregular needle with larger grain spacing and rough surface.
The main reason for this phenomenon is that when the content of graphene is less, the electrodeposition is formed on the substrate surface of the plate are cobalt ion and cobalt hydroxide ion, resulting to more cobalt elements on the surface of the coating, which increases the grain size of the coating surface and presents a coarse needle like morphology.
The rate of nucleation makes the grains more fully refined.
When the content of graphene reached 0.9g/L, the mass fraction and atomic number of C element were the largest, the mass fraction and atomic number of nickel and cobalt element also changed due to the influence of C element, and the maximum content of C was 15.69%.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Nathan Larkin, Stephen van Duin, Mark Callaghan, Hui Jun Li, John Norrish, Zeng Xi Pan
Table 1: Summary of test parameters and results for small butt-weld experiments
Test Number
Butt Weld Test Parameters (5mm Plate)
Results
TS (mm/min)
WF
(m/min)
Current (A)
Voltage (V)
Transfer Mode
Approx.
The coarse grained (CG) region of the HAZ is known to have the least desirable toughness properties.
The Course Grain Heat Affected Zone (CGHAZ) in the T-GMAW displays a small uniform thickness running parallel to the fusion line.
· Using the T-GMAW process the overall area of the CGHAZ of welds and their respective grain size is considerably smaller than the conventional SAW process.
[3] Control of Weld Distortion and Accuracy Benefits Navy Ships, Marine Corps Armored Vehicles, and Commercial Applications, EWI Insights- Materials Joining News Letter, Winter 2004, Volume 17, Number 1 pp 3
The coarse grained (CG) region of the HAZ is known to have the least desirable toughness properties.
The Course Grain Heat Affected Zone (CGHAZ) in the T-GMAW displays a small uniform thickness running parallel to the fusion line.
· Using the T-GMAW process the overall area of the CGHAZ of welds and their respective grain size is considerably smaller than the conventional SAW process.
[3] Control of Weld Distortion and Accuracy Benefits Navy Ships, Marine Corps Armored Vehicles, and Commercial Applications, EWI Insights- Materials Joining News Letter, Winter 2004, Volume 17, Number 1 pp 3