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This paper presents the effect of Er on the microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal stability of aluminum alloys.
Up to 90% grains has high Schmid factors (>0.40).
Grains with high Schmid factors and low Schmid factors are randomly distributed in the alloy, increasing large deflections of crack propagation path.
The effect of erbium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy.
Effects of rare earth element Er on structure and properties of Al-4Cu alloy.

Accurate prediction of cutting force in elliptical vibration cutting process is not only an important basis to properly choose of cutting parameters and optimal tool geometry parameters, but also a key factor to improve the processing property of cutting.
Based on simulation analysis of the cutting force model, this paper predict the rules that vibration amplitude and angle of tool geometry affect on cutting force, which provide theory basis for choose cutting parameters and cutting tool parameter in EVC.
In this paper, through detailed analysis of elliptical vibration cutting process, the cutting force theory model is established on the analysis of several factors effects on cutting force, and the influences of elliptical vibration parameters and tool parameters on the cutting force has also be discussed.
In Eq. 12, is defined as an angle between the tangential point of resultant cutting speed and the beginning of the straight flank area, whose value area is : (12) when , it reach maximum value , the time is , and tool nose will not affected by force any more when it exit from contact.
We defined the force piecewise functions of tool edge in direction and direction are shown as follows: (13) (14) (15) (16) Effect of amplitude ratio () and rake angle () on cutting force Amplitude ratio and rake angle The cutting force is changeable during the process of elliptical vibration cutting and influenced by many factors.

In conclusion, the determination of the possible applications of the technology in practice after changing the properties of the material around the hole.
Distance from basic material Flowdrillových holes and heat-affected zones shows a typical single-phase microstructure of austenitic stainless net polyhedral twin austenite grain boundaries.
Grain edges were only sparsely detected during etching, showing very low carbon content and a negligible margin granular carbide settling in the heat affected zone as a result of thermal effects of thermal drilling process Flowdrill, Fig. 5.
Structure change takes place gradually from the edge of the hole to 3mm, and very significantly, up to 8mm from the edge of the hole is still changing properties.
Pasko: Influence of technological factors of die casting on mechanical properties of castings from silumin, 2013.

Introduction The continuous rolling of long products can be ranked among the most efficient processes that enable a long product of high mechanical and strength properties and good surface quality to be obtained within a narrow dimensional tolerance range [1].
These passes wear during operation, which affects the dimensional accuracy of the finished product and the run of the rolling process [1-3].
(1) where: T - temperature, - strain rate, ε – strain, A0, m1 - m4 – coefficients of steel properties.
In Equation (4), an important factor influencing the wear magnitude is the factor kw [9-11].
[10] Bourithisa L., Papadimitrioua G.D., Sideris J., Comparison of wear properties of tool steels AISI D2 and O1 with the same hardness, Elsevier, Tribology International vol. 39, 2006, p. 479–489

There are six input factors with three different levels.
It is used as a modification factors to the range of GRC.
The mean of output response or GRG for each level of input factors is shown in table 8
No Author (s) Work material Input factors Output factors and Optimized Results Results or conclusion 1.
Glass – Nature, Structure, and Properties.

AFM was considered comparative precise in the study of microstructure characterization and properties analysis of propellant. 1.
So the conclusion is that the mechanical defects of the NG propellants are caused by the two factors.
This process also affected measurement results and results analysis.
And the difference in mechanical properties in different parts of sample was represented by difference of apparent-stiffness from force-distance curves of difference points.
Combustion efficiency and pyrochemical properties of micron-sized Metal particles as the components of modified double-base propellant, Acta Astronautica, 2011,68:1098–1112

Introduction Landslides are caused by natural factors, such as river erosion, by human activities, torrential rains, earthquakes, and flows of underground water.
Because of the severity of the damage, it is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to the development of landslides, their distribution, and how they evolve once movement of the materials begins.
This difference can be explained by differences in the physical properties, such as the landslide’s internal structure and composition.
Landslides of materials with different physical properties will have different internal friction, which will affect the relationship between movement distance and the angle of internal friction.
This can also explain how the lithological properties of the sliding surface base of the landslide influence the movement distance.

A molecular dynamics simulation will be used to illustrate the effect of a high loading rate on SiC material’s mechanical property, which will further elaborate its unique HSG temperature characteristics.
A molecular dynamics simulation will be used to illustrate the effect of a high loading rate on SiC material’s mechanical property, which will further elaborate its unique HSG temperature characteristics.
The workpiece material used for this investigation was SiC, whose properties are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIC SiC properties density Bending strength Hardness Fracture Toughness Elastic modulus Poisson rate Grain Size ρ[g/cm3] σb[MPa] Hv[GPa] KIC[MPa.m1/2] E[GPa] R[-] dg[μm] SiC 3.05 430 23 3.0 350 0.16 50 The grinding contact zone temperature was measured by a grindable thermocouple technique[17].
The operation parameters plays an important role in affecting machining quality.

Introduction 30CrMnSiNi2A steel is a kind of low-alloy ultra-high strength steel with superior properties, which is widely applied in aricraft landing gear, wing and engine shell as well as high strength connectors manufacture.
It has been paid great attention to by many scholars who carries a large number of experiments to investigate its mechanical properties [1, 2].
Cutting speed, feed per tooth, cutting depth and cutting width were investigated as four factors, and +1, 0,-1 stands for the high level, normal level and low level, respectively.
Cutting force regression results can be described as following: (4) As the cutting force fluctuates along the tool path during milling process because of each cutter tooth interrupted cutting, there is a huge impact on the specimen, vibrating tool, specimen and the whole process system, seriously affecting the surface quality of specimens.
Among above four parameters, feed per tooth was the major factor impacting surface roughness while cutting width was the minor factor in milling process, so the influence of rest parameters attracted discussion.

The optical properties of surface roughness are functions of its statistical parameters, i.e., the standard deviation of the heights of surface microprofile points from the centerline σ, the correlation interval α, and the average angle of inclination of the microfaces of the rough surface γ.
Taking into account that α0 = αэ, а , we obtain the following equation to calculate the coefficient σ0: , (3) The coefficient σ0 represents a quantitative estimate of the similarity of the optical properties of the surface of both the test sample and the reference samples.
Therefore, the angle (8º) should not affect the measurement results.
The following factors negatively affected the stability of measurement results: - Foreign flare light; to eliminate distortions in the readings of the recording device and the source and receiver of the lighting should have been in an optically sealed housing
- Incorrect alignment of the photodiode and laser; the deviation of the reflected beam from the calculated direction significantly reduces the stability of measurements Experimental Results The exclusion of these factors allowed us to achieve fairly stable results.