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But of most noise reduction applications, the high frequency component obtained by the EMD technology is directly removed as noise.
For the rolling bearing, the impact signal related the fault is usually at a higher frequency, so, the method above does not work for the noise reduction of the rolling bearing, and it is necessary to discuss about the rule of the EMD de-noising.
Combining the previous research results and the impact characteristics of the rolling bearing fault signal, two noise reduction criterion are proposed in this paper.
Standard characteristics of various fault location are calculated by processing the measured vibration data, the standard characteristics of the outer ring, inner ring and the rolling element are respectively.
Fig.4 Fault simulation test-bed of wind turbine Fig.5 Time domain and angular domain signal of sample data in 2 minutes Fig.6 EMD decomposition diagram of angular domain signal Fig. 6 is the EMD decomposition figure of the re-sampling Angle-domain signal, and arranging it from the high to low frequency order.

The use of high strength steel materials would facilitate the reduction of self-weight of structures and associated handling, fabrication, transportation costs and erection time [6].
In the case of high strength steels, the softening and toughness reduction in the heat affected zone is the most significant.
The data in the tables are according to the material certificates, except in case of the S1300Q steel which case due to the lack of material certificate, material tests and chemical analysis were made at the University of Miskolc.
The control mode used during the tests was load reduction (preload) or constant load amplitude (crack propagation) with a load asymmetry factor of R = 0.1 and a sinuous load curve.
The data do not belong to the stage II of the kinetic diagram of fatigue crack propagation have been eliminated during the least square regression analysis, for each specimen, systematically.

The results suggest that more point defects Ti(III) are formed and the oxidation in TiO2 electrode quenched at a relatively lower temperature more easily occurs, which means its reverse reaction, the reduction becomes difficult to take place.
While in DSSC, this reduction process corresponds to the recombination of photo-generated electrons toward surface trapping sites.
From above data, plenty of Ti(III) point defects exists on the surface of quenched TNAs.
This electron capture attributes to the reduction of Ti(IV)→Ti(III) under the UV light.
Comparing the data in table 2, TNAs quenched in hydrogen peroxide presents obvious decrease of dye adsorption.

Since this study was aimed at stray grain formation in nickel-based superalloys, the material parameters that were used correspond to those for commercial ReneN5, as calculated using the JMatPro software [2] and the Ni-DATA database [3].
Calculations were made using JMatPro [2] and the Ni-DATA database [3] to identify compositions that lead to reduced solidification temperature ranges in these superalloys, from approximately 40 to 50 K to values of 25 K or less.
Nonetheless, it is clear that judicial changes in the alloy composition can lead to significant reductions in the equilibrium solidification temperature range.
Comparable reductions in the non-equilibrium solidification temperature range, as determined by Scheil-type calculations, were also found.
Such large reductions in the solidification temperature should have a very noticeable impact upon the stray grain formation tendencies.

The reduction in magnetic field density leads to a decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer between the coils.
If it is less than 10 cm, the sensor will send data to the Arduino and issue a warning sound.
The Arduino will calculate the distance the adjustment set needs to move toward the receiving coil, and then send the data to the motor control device to command the motor to rotate.
Chaban, Efficiency enhancement of wireless charging for Electric vehicles through reduction of coil misalignment, IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC). (2017) 21-26
Shariff, Designing and demonstration of misalignment reduction for wireless charging of autonomous electric vehicle, eTransportation. 4 (2020) 10088

The experimental study without and with damper establishes a spectacular reduction of the oscillations.
One reduction of the oscillation amplitude to “near zero” was realized in only “ten” seconds.
The data used for simulation was: the horizontal cable with a length of 50.5 m has a mass per unit length of 16.1 kg/m.
[2] Information on http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?
ID=s0000375 [3] Information on http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?

The analysis of the XRD data reveals that all the LCMO films exhibit a cube-on-cube type of epitaxial agreement on the substrate and oriented along (h00) direction.
This apparent rise in TP far higher than bulk for the presently studied LCMO films is ascribed to i) compressive strain (c/a > 1) that leads to an improvement in the in-plane hopping amplitude [17] and ii) oxygen optimization which increases the strength of the Mn–O bond due to saturation of anion defect sites, ascertained from XRD data.
Since the c axis is decreasing with increasing film thickness, the reduction of TP is clearly correlated to an increase in the compressive strain, which results in an increase of the in-plane lattice distortion, of the LCMO unit cell [18].
The moderate reduction in the values of surface roughness along with the enhancement in grain size, apparent improvement of orientation, alignment and ordering of grains and domains, points towards the extensively improved connectivity between the grains with the film thickness.
This would result into improved electronic transport at grain interfaces due to a decrease in grain boundary region, which is accounted by the increasing film thickness, vis-à-vis reduction of resistivity and enhancement of MR at TP, in CSD grown nanocrystalline LCMO thin films.

The figure shows the grain size distribution and their percentage in the coating TiNiCu (Fig. 1, c) and TiNi (Fig. 1, e), the results of data processing in the program Statistica 6.0, derived from VideoTesT-Structure 4.0.
The experimental data were obtained using the Statistica v6.0 application package in an SPSS environment.
Pseudoelastic material is able to reverse its phase structure, which results in contact surface roughness friction increasing the actual contact area drastically, which leads to a reduction of stress concentration and thus to a reduction in the likelihood of fracture initiation.
Increasing wear-fatigue characteristics of the steel with a surface modified layer of a shape memory material were due to pseudoelasticity of the surface layers of these materials in the friction zone and a reduction of stress concentration due to an increase in surface roughness of the contact area.

Subsequently, the cylindrical ingots were hot swaged at 900–1000 °C with an 80% reduction in area.
The phases were identified by comparison with simulated diffractograms generated using the program PowderCell [24], incorporating data for the α, ω, and β-Ti phases, such as space groups, lattice parameters, and atomic positions [25].
However, hot swaging employed in the present study permits greater reductions in cross-sectional area, offering additional processing advantages.
Nonetheless, the hot-swaging process used in the present study provides superior control over area reduction and microstructural tailoring, making it a more efficient and scalable technique for optimizing the mechanical performance of β-type Ti alloys for demanding biomedical applications. 4 Conclusion According to the results of the microstructural analyses and mechanical characterization of the Ti-12Mo-13Nb alloy, it can be concluded that aging at 500 °C for 10 min resulted in a microstructure containing small ω-phase precipitates within the β matrix.
Calvert, Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases, second ed., Metals Park, Ohio, 1991

The experiment data used in this study was taken from data set I of the BCI Competition III [7].
This data set reflected this situation: training data and test data were recorded from the same subject and the same experimental task, but on two different days with about one week of delay.
The data consists two parts: the labeled training data (278 trials) and unlabeled test data (100 trials).
LDA was trained on the training data and then used to classify the feature vectors of the test data.
The average BP values of the train data set Dimension reduction will simplify the complexity of classification algorithm.