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With the application of magnetic materials, some particles with complicate compositions and structures are demanded.
Research showed the as-synthesize particle is gamma phase (FCC structure), and its average grain size is measured as 20 nm.
The as-synthesized Fe–Ni nanoparticles possess a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure and exhibit a polydispersed characteristic.
Illustration of the Chemistry and Processes of the Synthesis of the NiFe magnetic nanoparticles.
Conclusions A variety of preparation methods have been used for synthesizing the core-shell structured magnetic nanoparticles, especially gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles, which have potential applications in biomolecular separation and detection.

There was also subgrain structure within the extrudates that consisted of a needle phase within grains and an intergranular phase, Fig. 3.
a b Despite the presence of the subgrain structure, the extrudates had an elongation response equivalent to CP1 and CP2 grade titanium extrusions with much higher strength properties, Table 2, possibly due to the fine grain microstructure that was retained from the TP-325-1 powder and the titanium hydride particles in the subgrain structure.
Conclusions Extruded rod with an equiaxed grain structure and minimal process contamination was produced by extrusion of cold compacted powder billets without canning.
The tensile properties of the extrudates were substantially better than conventionally extruded titanium of similar chemistry.

The corrosive behavior of metal nickel already testified that it could be enriched easily under the passivity film (protective oxide film), and it could reduce electro-chemistry dissolving reaction of the oxide film[3], and the passivity film was easily generated in strong alkaline solutions[4].
Optical microscope (OM, Olympus.BH-2) was applied to analysis of micro-structures.
Contrasting Fig3a with Fig3b, white ZrO2 phase structures in Fig3b were will-distrbuted, but their crystal size was bulky than of Fig3a.
The forming reason of this structure was due to high laser power being supplied, more heat quantity was absorbed by cladding material, so that ZrO2 crystal could brought up in form porecss of coating.
According to hardness distrbution (Fig.2) and state of micro-structure (Fig.5) , when cladding parmeters were 1.5kW( laser power) and 2.4mm/s(scan velocity) and 10.45g/min (powder feeding rate), hardness changing rate of coating was smaller than of 2kW laser power coating.

Ultrasonic pretreatment can destroy sludge floc structure, reduce the particle size and promote the release of proteins and carbohydrates of sludge [5].
Ultrasonic pretreatment destroyed the structure of EPS and cell wall and promoted the release of proteins and carbohydrates.
Fig.3 Removal performance of COD, NH4+-N and TP with sludge supernatant addition Microbial community structure analysis.
Chen: Effect of Initial pH Adjustment on Hydrolysis and Acidification of Sludge by Ultrasonic Pretreatment, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.50 (2011) No.22, P.12372 [10] G.
Denitrifying dephosphatation performance link to microbial community structure, Journal of Water Sustainability, Vol.1 (2011) No. 3, P.269

The DV-Xα method, which is one of the calculation methods of quantum chemistry, has been applied to estimate chemical reactions through solving the Shrodinger wave equation.
In this calculation, particularly, the electron state and bonding strength of C4AF at the local surface structure where SiO44 tetrahedron and OH radical are adsorbed were evaluated in the study.
The crystalline data of 4CaO�Al2O3�Fe2O3, which are space group of structure, lattice parameter, position, and coordinate of atoms, were inputted from the investigation of C4AF crystal structure analysis [5].
In particular, the electron state and bonding strength of C4AF at the local surface structure where SiO44 tetrahedron and OH radical are adsorbed were evaluated in the study.

Most of the efficient acid inhibitors are organic compounds containing heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or oxygen in their structures [3, 4].
The molecular structure of MPMAA, PMAA, DMAA and MMAA are given in the Table1.
Table1 The chemical structures, names and abbreviations of the compounds Chemical structure Name Abbreviation 3-((N-methyl,N-phenyl)-methyl) 2,4-Acetylacetone MPMAA 3-((N-phenyl)-methyl) 2,4-Acetylacetone PMAA 3-((N, N-diethyl)-methyl) 2, 4-Acetylacetone DMAA 3-((N, N-methyl)-methyl) 2, 4-Acetylacetone MMAA Electrochemical measurements.
Materials chemistry and physics, 2008, 112(3):1035-1039

The EDX result of the composite particles is displayed in Fig.6, which demonstrates the existence of silver and nickel on the surface, this is called dotted-structure.
Fig.7 showed the EDX result of the silver-coated nickel powders obtained by the two-time electroless plating.A continuous silver layer were formed, there were nearly not nickel powders on the surface , this was called full-package structure.
Conclusion This work has showed how to determine the reaction condition by Zeta potential and how to obtain silver metal atoms on the surface of nickel powders, the composite particles prepared by the method of electroless plating were dotted-structure.
The electroless plating proceeded again after desorption, the composite particles were full-package structure.
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2004,86:420

Meanwhile, microwave radiation activation with high efficiency, energy saving, heating uniform and proper pore structure through the operation condition of adjustment, is helpful for improving the quality of activated carbon.
Bamboo charcoal has special pore structure, and more developed pore structure after activation, and so it is a kind of ideal carbon materials.
The results show that bamboo raw material is difficult to heat and carbonize under unactivation, which is probably due to the microwave absorption of KOH solution in the beginning[2].With the establishment of the pore structure, activated carbon itself can also absorb microwave energy.
Test Principle and Technology of Chemical Power[M].Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press, 2006 “In Chinese”

Polymer/Inorganic Composite Materials for Quick Repair of Cement Concrete Pavement Hua Ding1, a , Ruili Xiang 2 , Zhimin Song 2, b and Zili Yu 2, 3, c 1College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China 2Analytic & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China 3Institute of materials Science & Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China asally-dd@163.com, b SSZZ69@163.com, cziliyu@163.com Keywords: Quick repair materials, polymer/inorganic materials, concrete pavement repair Abstract.
Maintenance, repair, and strengthening of concrete structure have become a very important part of the activities of the concrete industry [1].
It is a more convenient and cheaper way to repair the concrete structure than to rebuild it.
Because of the particularity of the pavement, the performance of the repair materials should be different from materials for any other concrete structures.
These repair materials have enough compressive strength and flexural strength for pavement structure demands.

However, at present, most numerical control systems in our country are the traditional closed systems which are independent and closed in system structure.
The open numerical control system is based on the hardware and software of usual personal computer (PC), and adopts modularization system structure, and can offer unitive application programmers interface.
It has many strong points, for example, open structure, low cost, reliable characteristic, and so on.
Chemistry industry Press, 2004 (in Chinese) [3] Warren S.
Structure and synthesis of PID controllers[M].