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Most scholars treat traffic loading as cyclic loading to study the deformation characteristic of weak geotechnical materials.
On the other hand, the test is mainly developed on particular geotechnical materials, which makes the test results have too many regional features, and can't truly reflect the essence of geotechnical materials under cyclic dynamic loading.
The two-surfaced model is first put forward by Krieg (1975) and Dafalias (1975) and is applied to metal materials.
Later, Mroze (1979) and Bardet (1985) applied this theory to describe constitutive properties of geotechnical materials under cyclic load.
A model for nonlinearly hardening materials for complex loading.

Lnternational Journal of lmpact Engineering, 2007,34 (11):1814-1820
Journal of Applied Mechanics,1981, 48 (1) :25-29
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2004, 218(9) :1053 -1062
In: Proc. 2005 Joint ASME/ASCE/SES Conference on Mechanics and Materials (McMat 2005).
Polyzois, Finite Element Modeling of the Behavior of Armor Materials Under High Strain Rates and Large Strains, The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science,2010.

In general, the materials are considered heterogenic.
Journal of Materials Sciences”.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences. 21, 1009-1018, (1983)
Internatioant journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Irwin, Applied Materials and Research, 3, 65, (1964)

The intelligent materials is a new formed branch which follows by the stone material, steel materials, synthetic polymer materials, artificial designed materials, from the development of the material, and it enters the 5th generation materials period.
From the function materials to intelligent materials, it is a leap of material field.
Because the research results of intelligent materials will spread to the information, electronic science and technology, life sciences, universe, marine science technology and the soft science technology, and they can largely increase people's material life which increasingly attract the domestic and foreign various aspects of attention[3].
The research on intelligence material is also serious in China, and the national natural science foundation listed the intelligent materials in the national high technology development plan outline in 1991, the issues and application of intelligent materials is directly as the national high technology research and development project topic(863 program) [4].
Journal of Shanghai economic research(in China).2009(12), p.19 [5] Yu Jie.

Materials have also been designed using a hard wear resistant material as the cellular phase and a more ductile material as the cell boundary phase.
Halloran: Materials Science and Engineering, A.
of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.
J. of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.
Hilmas: Journal of Materials Science.

Research on biomaterials is connected inherently with the various aspects of materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine.
Rack* Titanium alloys in total joint replacement—a materials science perspective Biomaterials 19 (1998) 1621-1639
Progress in Materials Science 54 (2009) 397
Katerska, Some Biocompatible Materials Used in Medical Pratice, Trakia Journal of Science, 8 (2010) 119-125
Silva, Carlos Cairo, Production of new titanium alloy for orthopedic implants, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 24 (2004) 683-687

Study on the Stabilization/Solidification of Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Alkali-Activated Cementing Materials with Rich-Silicon Materials Min ZHOU1,a,*, Shu-Ya WU1,b, Yi LV1,c, Wei-Xing WANG1,d, Hao-Bo HOU1,e 1Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China azhoumin@whu.edu.cn, bwsywhu@163.com, clvyi2011@whu.edu.cn, dthwwx01@whu.edu.cn, ehouhb@whu.edu.cn *Corresponding author Keywords: Soil Remediation, Lead, Rich-Silicon Materials, Solidification/Stabilization.
In this study, the stabilization/solidification of lead in soils using alkali-activated cementing materials with rich-silicon materials was investigated.
Experimental Materials The blast-furnace slag was originated from Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company.
The chemical components of the five materials were shown in table 1.
On the other side, the hydration of the binders including rich-silicon materials produced C-S-H which had large specific area.

Low or intermediate temperature electrolyte materials are requirements to achieve early commercialization.
Journal of Materials Science, 2012. 47 (9): p. 3925-3948
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2007. 137(1-3): p. 24-30
Journal of Materials Science Letters, 2001
Journal of Materials Science, 2002

As a result of the diverse structure and specific properties associated with the small thickness of such objects, their physical characteristics can differ significantly from those of the same materials in the massive state.
In the past decades, many materials have been studied [8-10], but copper (Cu) attracts more attentions since it is hard to form the intermetallic compound with Cu/Si, thereby providing a relatively stable interface between them.
D. 2015 Advanced interconnects: materials, processing, and reliability ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 4(1) Y1-Y4 [4] Shang J., Hao J.
H. 2000 Adhesion and reliability of copper interconnects with Ta and TaN barrier layers Journal of Materials Research. 15(1) 203-211
K. 2004 Chemical mechanical planarization for microelectronics applications Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 45(3-6) 89-220 [11] Wrschka P., Hernandez J., Oehrlein G.

Phase change materials (PCM) have played a vital role in the storage of thermal energy in various applications.
The present study compares the performance of two of the most commonly used phase change materials like Paraffin wax and Fatty acids which are organic.
Moreover, they have been found to be compatible with various kinds of materials of common use.
The various performance parameters like temperature variation during charging and discharging, heat absorbed and rejected and overall system efficiency are evaluated for these two materials and also for the combination of these two materials.
Hemachandra Reddy “Experimental Studies on Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Energy Storage System for SolarWater Heating Applications” Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications, Vol 2, (2012) [7] Lavinia Gabriela SOCACIU “Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Material” Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Issue 20, (2012) p75-98 [8] K.Kavitha, S.Arumugam, “A Study on Phase Change Material (PCM) for Insitu Solar Thermal Energy Collection and Storage” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 4, Issue 2, (2015)