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Therefore, understanding the structure of protein is important to study the function of it.
Therefore, AB non-lattice model has no position constraint and reflects protein structure.
The normal and anomalous random processes are ubiquitous in many branches of physics, chemistry, biology, economics and other science.
Fig.6 (a)-(b) shows the structures of 2KGU predicted by LPSO and the real protein in the PDB database.
Structure and mechanism in protein science:A guide to enzyme catalysis and protein folding.

Figure. 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the precursor in the absence of sulfate ions Although ZnO nano powders play an important role in ultraviolet light resistance, but nanoparticles have a strong tendency to agglomerate due to its high surface energy, and have weak combination with the polymer matrix because of badly consistent interface [2-5].
For example of hydrolytic sol-gel method, in the absence of sulfate ions, the precursor consists of fine particles that have been joined together by hydroxyls to form a network structure similar to a gel, so that the precursor is not only difficult to wash, but even after washing and filtration much water is still retained in fine channels of the network.
Fig. 1 contains a schematic diagram of this network structure.
From the pattern, we can see that the powders’ crystal structure was wurtzite of ZnO.
D., Synthesis and intercalation chemistry of hybrid organoinorganic nanocomposites.

Different Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium by Electrophoretic Deposition Xianwei Meng1,3,a , Tae-Yub Kwon 1,2,b , Kyo-Han Kim 1,2,c* 1 Institute for Biomaterials Research & Development, Kyungpook National University. 2-188-1 Samduk-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-412, Korea 2 Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University. 2-188-1 Samduk-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-412, Korea 3 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science.
Prior to use, the powders were determined to have HA-type structure as measured using x-ray diffraction.
The time to deposit the particles may be too short for a better arrangement better arrangement between particles to achieve an optimal packing structure.
The powders and the coatings were observed to possess Ca10(PO4)(OH)2 phase structure, suggesting that the EPD coating process has little effect on the HA phase structure.

Superplasticizer presents in three forms in cement as follows: adsorption on the surface of cement particles, insertion into the the double layer structure of aluminate hydration resultants, and dissolved in the solution.
It can also be seen that the layer spacing of the Inorganic-LDH is significantly increased and the Organic-LDH is formed within the combined superplasticizer inserting into the calcium aluminate double layer structure.
The chemistry shrinkage of the cement paste mixed with PCA-PNS combined superplasticizer in the early hydration of cement is slightly larger than that of mixed PCA-SAF combined superplasticizer, but after hydration for 3 days , the chemical shrinkage values of them are consistent.
The adsorption capacity of superplasticizer on cement mineral and hydration product surface can be decreased because of electrostatic repulsion and steric mechanism of the combined superplasticizers (2) The Organic-LDH is formed because of the combined superplasticizer inserting into the calcium aluminate double layer structure.
Effect of the chemical structure on the properties of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer[J].

Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and High Efficient Energy Saving of Hebei province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.
So, it is important that preparing porous silica with large surface area and nonuniform pore structure through cheap method.
Silica with large surface area (>650 m2/g) and high pore volume (>1.0 cm3/g) had been successfully prepared, and the pore structure was amorphous.
There are no peaks in the pattern corresponding to the meso-structure.
When ethanol is used overmuch, the structure of W/O microemulsion is easily destroyed, thereby changing the aggregation style of the silica particles.

Introduction Carbon nitride (CN) is a well known and superhard material that has attracted worldwide attention because the incorporation of nitrogen atoms in the carbon nanostructure can enhance the mechanical, conducting, field emission, and energy storage properties.1,2 By constructing CN materials with porous structure, many novel applications could emerge: from catalysis, to separation and adsorption of very bulky molecules.
BN and BCN nanotubes can be easily prepared via substitution reaction utilizing carbon nanotubes as templates.4 BN with well ordered porous structure could offer many application possiblities from catalysis to sorption of very bulky molecules, and to the fabrication of semiconductors, semiconducting nanowires and low dielectric devices.
The fine structure of the edges, in particular their left- hand shoulders revealing 1s-π* electronic transitions, is a fingerprint of sp2 hybridization.
Mesoporous BN and BCN by elemental substitution technique Elemetnal substitution templating strategy was already realized in nanotube chemistry where nanotubes composed of boron nitride (MBN) and boron carbonnitride (MBCN) can be easily prepared via substitution reaction utilizing carbon nanotubes as templates.
HRTEM image of the mesoporous BN and BCN (Figure 2B and 2C) clearly display the well-ordered mesoporous structures with local interlinking of crystalline boron carbon nitride layers.

Over the past decades, various surface modification techniques have been used to create titanium oxide layers with different morphologies and structures on the implant surface.
The apatite inducing ability of titanium oxide depends on the surface topography (including roughness), phase structure and thickness of the oxide layer.
Alternatively, as an integral parameter, surface free energy is related to the surface topography, -OH group density on the surface, and phase structure.
Results The Morphology and Structure of the Titanium Oxide Layers The roughness of the oxide layers increased from 50.2nm to 132nm in the sequence: Ti control, Ti 400, Ti H2O2 and Ti AH (Table 1).
[3] Wenzel, R.N. (1936) Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 28, 988-994

Biodegradable Metallic Materials for Temporary Medical Implants Dalibor Vojtěch1, a *, Jiří Kubásek1, b, Jaroslav Čapek1, c and Iva Pospíšilová1, d 1Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic aDalibor.Vojtech@vscht.cz, bJiri.Kubasek@vscht.cz, cjaroslav.l.capek@gmail.com, dIva.Pospisilova@vscht.cz Keywords: Biodegradable metal, biomaterial, magnesium, zinc, iron.
Due to dynamic recrystallization during hot extrusion the structure consists of only slightly elongated almost equi-axed α-Mg grains (light) and a small fraction of intermetallic phases (dark).
Similarly to the previous materials, the structure is recrystallized and is dominated by austenitic grains.
It is due to both intrinsic strength of iron, solid solution strengthening caused by manganese and due to the presence of martensite in the structure (Fig. 1c).
Ruml: Structure, mechanical characteristics and in vitro degradation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of novel biodegradable Zn-Mg alloys, Mat.

In this process, H+ will attack the O atom in the surface of CoO crystal to break up the crystal structure.
The dynamic process of H+ breaking up the crystal structure of CoO can be seen from the study of the H+ attacking the O atom of the surface of CoO crystal, which can help us understand the mechanism of skutterudite metallurgy.
Computational Details Based on the density functional theory, all the calculations were performed using CASTEP [7], GGA-PEB [8].The computations were based on the CoO structure whose space group is FM-3M [9].
Donaldson, Cobalt and cobalt compounds, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005
Yang, Magnetism and electronic structure in Zn and Ti doped CoO: A first-principles study, Comp.

China 2College of Chemistry and Life Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, Shaanxi, P.R.
The chemical is effective for the water reducing capability and for preventing slump loss, for it can disperse cement particles not only by electrostatic repulsions aforementioned, but also by steric hindrance effects [2-4].Although PC could maintain the workability of concrete for a long period of time, its saturation adsorption amount is limited due to its anionic chemical structure.
The chemical structure of the APCs is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The fluidity of cement pastes is affected be varying with APCs chemical structure by electrostatic and/or steric repulsion effects.
Hanehara, Effects of the chemical structure on the properties of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer, Cement and Concrete Research. 30 (2000) 197-207