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Core-shell structure with inner carbon spheres and outer MnO2 layer was successfully prepared in this study.
However, the thermal stability of α-MnO2 cathode materials could be improved once K+ cation was incorporated into the tunnel structure.
The surface chemistry was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Bruker Vertex 70V).
Conclusions In this paper, core-shell structure with inner carbon spheres and outer MnO2 layer was successfully prepared.
Munichandraiah, Effect of crystallographic structure of MnO2 on its electrochemical capacitance properties, J.

This fiber consists of the silica-based core-structure and the gradient-like surface titania layer, which are strongly sintered.
As the embodied functional material of our new process, we developed a strong photocatalytic fiber composed of anatase-TiO2 surface structure and silica core structure.
Our purifier enabled to decompose the shell structure by only single passage.
Fujishima, "Highly Efficient TiO2 Film Photocatalyst, Degradation of Acetaldehyde", Chemistry Letters (The Chemical Society of Japan), pp.723-726 (1994)
Mills, "Structural Stability of Titania Thin Films", Nano Structured Materials, 11(8), 1231-1237 (1999)

Great interest has been given to the Schiff base amphiphiles with special molecular structures because of their unique properties.
The present work provided new insight into the design and interfacial assembly of novel Schiff base amphiphiles with special molecular structures and substituted groups.
The introduction of aromatic periphery into the present functional compound can lead to novel trigonal molecular structure and new properties are expected.
The structure of final product is shown in Fig. 1, abbreviated as TSB-Np, which was confirmed by 1H NMR.
Chemical structure of trigonal Schiff base compound TSB-Np.

The graphene sheets in graphite interact with each other through van der Waals forces to form layered structure.
SEM images of (a) the edge of GO electrode 270 x 203mm (96 x 96 DPI) The impact of physical and chemical aspects of GO sheets and GNS on catalyst size, dispersion and surface chemistry were investigated by applying three different impregnation techniques in order to fabricate novel electrodes for fuel cells.
In addition, the higher oxygen amount in GO structure hindered agglomeration and promoted Pt dispersion on the surface of nanocomposites.

Fluorescence Enhanced Quantum Dots: Its Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Ecotoxicity Research Shichao Xu1,a, Miao Heng1, Yueqian Yang1, Juan Yang1, Jimei Zhang1, Zhao Dai1, Guo Zheng1, Bo Sun2, Shuqing Sun3, Chu Liang1, Hao Luo 1 1State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin, China 2 School of Science, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin, China 3 School of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China a Xushichao@tjpu.edu.cn Keywords: luminescent nano crystal, ecotoxicity, quantum dots, optical properties Abstract.
Enhanced optical properties and decreasing ecotoxicity were validated after ZnS shell formation, these results indicated that CdTe/ZnS QDs with core-shell structure has great potential in bio-applications.
Theoretical parameters and practical properties on QDs were simultaneously revealed, for example, multiplexed energy transfer mechanisms in a dual-function quantum dot [5], the ion spin-state of exciton in QDs, and the spin-structure of impurities[6], photo-stability in luminescent solar concentrators[4] etc.

The finite element analysis program used to simulate structural behavior of structures attacked by ASR is object-oriented finite element developed at National Institute of Standards and Technology.
The model is rooted in the reaction chemistry, microstructure, and microstructure-based computational mechanics, using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical microanalysis, and image analysis.
The FEA program used to simulate the behavior of structures attacked by ASR is an object-oriented finite element program (OOF), which was developed at National Institute of Standards and Technology [3].

This work aims to evaluate the two different work rolls with different chemistry and the effect on the microstructure and hardness.
Nodular cast iron which also known as ductile cast iron, is a cast iron class containing spheroidal graphite in nodules dispersed in the ferrite and pearlite matrix structure.

Micro-structure of the cross sections are observed by QUANTA400 SEM, and hardness distribution are examined by HXD 1000 Vickers micro-hardness tester with load weight of 50g and load time of 10s.
This indicates that the surface layer of Specimen 1 is not composed of single-phased VC,but is a mixture of VC and substrate structure and oxides of alloys , which explains why the hardness is lower.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,vol.69(2008), p.2465-2470
[6] PENG Zhi hui, YANG Zhi bing , WANG Shaowu, GUO Yiwan: Effect of Rare Earth on Structure and Properties of Boronizing Layer.
An Analysis of Structure Distribution at Different Depth of Vanadized Layer [J].

Adsorption, mainly taking advantage of larger specific surface area and large pore structure of adsorbents, can adsorb selectively to remove phenolic compounds in wastewater and the adsorbents could be regenerated for repeated use by after treatment.
Adsorption Resin Adsorption resin is a macromolecule column resin with crosslinked network structure, excellent pore structure, large specific surface area and good hydrophobicity.
Activated Carbon Active carbon contains certain surface chemical properties, complex pore structure and large specific surface area.
Xin, et al.: Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry (In Chinese) Vol. 25(2008), p. 77-80

The structure of the oxide scale is complicated.
The discussion of effect of temperature on structure of outer Fe oxide layer is not enough.
As shown in Fig. 3 at 700-800℃ the structure of the oxide scale is the same.
Substrate Internal oxidation precipitates Substrate Internal oxidation precipitates Fig. 5 Oxide scale morphology of Fe-1.5Si alloy oxidized in air at various temperatures: (a)1100℃; (b)1150℃ As shown in Fig. 5 at 1100-1150℃ the structure of oxide scale is the same as at other temperatures that is composed of internal oxidation zone and external oxide layer.
References [1] Yanga Yu-Ling, Yanga Cheng-Hsien, Linb Szu-Ning, et al: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol 112 (2008), p. 566 [2] Yang Cheng-Hsien, Lin Szu-Ning, Chen Chih-Hsiung, et al: Oxid Met Vol 72 (2009), p. 145 [3] KUSABIRAKI Kiyoshi, WATANABE Ryoko, IKEHATA Tomoharu, et al: ISIJ International Vol 47-9(2007), p. 1329 [4] FUKAGAWA Tomoki, OKADA Hikaru, MAEHARA Yasuhiro: ISIJ International Vol 34-11 (1994), p. 906 [5] OKADA Hikaru, FUKAGAWA Tomoki, ISHIHARA Haruhiko: ISIJ International Vol 35-9 (1995), p. 886 [6]Suarez L, Schneider J, Houbaert Yvan: Diffusion in Solids and Liquids III Vol 273-276 (2008), p. 661 [7] KUSABIRAKI Kiyoshi, WATANABE Ryoko, IKEHATA Tomoharu, et al: ISIJ International Vol 47-9 (2007), p. 1329 [8] Chen R Y, Yuen W Y D: ISIJ International, Vol 45-1 (2005), p. 52 [9]Neil Berks, Gerale H Meier, Fred S Pettit: Introduction to the high-temperature oxidation of metals, Cambridge University Publishing, UK (2006), in press