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Much effort has been put in forced on the improvement of the dielectric properties by way of controlling grain growth and designing the microstructure[3,4].
From Fig.2 it can be found that the BTZ ceramics were compact and the average grain size was about 1μm.
However, in the case where Ni content exceeded 5mol%, the Ni clusters distributed homogenously among the BTZ grains.
The number of Ni clusters increased obviously with the increase of Ni doping content.

The CMP coated layer was smooth and uniform with fine grains, compared to that of as-machined and as-blasted specimens.
The surface morphology of the coated and heat-treated CMP layer is smooth and uniform with fine grains (about 100nm), compared to that of as-machined and as-blasted specimens (Fig. 2).
The phases of the fine grains were identified with � -CMP (JCPDS #9-363) from XRD study.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 (a) as-machined (b) blasted with CMP (c) blasted/CMP-coated Fig. 2.

Introduction The technology of fully mechanized caving coal face plays an important role to achieve high production and efficiency, however it can leads to a large number of floating coal in the gob [1].
The mean grain size of the coal has a inverse relationship with the oxidation of radiating, it can be fitted as follows 　　　 　　　　　 (4) Where, is the heating capacity, kJ·m-3·s-1; is the heating capacity on the condition of special grain size, kJ·m-3·s-1; is the reference grain size, m; m, n is a fixed value, dimensionless, measured by experiment [5].

During the cooling from the austenite phase, proeutectoid ferrite film forms along the austenite grain boundaries at the interface.
Hence, the higher yield strength material will endure higher number of cycles under the action of fatigue loading.
proeutectoid ferrite grain boundary network is poor at resisting fatigue crack initiation.
Fatigue life curves for AISI4130 steel in annealed, quenched- tempered and As- Weld specimens In ferrite-pearlite steel, ferrite being most active of the fatigue life, crack unsurprisingly initiate and propagate in the ferrite grains.

The laser-clad composite coating displays uniform microstructure but different grain size in three typical zones, i.e., coarser equiaxed grain in the top and finer dendrite grain in the middle and bottom regions, and no defect was found, as shown in Fig. 3(a), (b) and (c).
However the higher hardness of the composite cating resulting in lower real area of contact, therefore, smaller number of junctions which require less energy to get sheared during sliding.

The pellets obtained were polished successively with water sandpaper numbers 220, 400, 600, 1000, 1200 and 1500, with a polishing Arotec APL4.
At the temperature of 1250 °C (Figure 5), the micrographs show that the grains of the material are very close and have uniform size.
At 1300 °C (Figure 6) is observed grain growth, indicating the intensification of the effect of sintering.
At the temperature of 1350 °C (Figure 7), the micrographs show the appearance of the glassy phase, in order to decrease the visibility of the grains.

Bioclastic dolostone are mainly grain structure, and dolostone content is between 51.0% to 90.0%, whose average value is 74.8%; Quartz content is between 2.0% to 11.0%, whose average value is 6.2%; The average feldspar content is 10.3% and lithic content is 8.7%.
Fig.1 Dissolved pores between grains of bioclastic dolostone Characteristics by well logging response The electrical characteristics of bioclastic dolostone and terrigenous clastic dolostone are obvious.
Because the effect of terrigenous material is small, water was shallow, sunny was rich, which is suitable for a large amount of biological reproduction, developed carbonate platform.The carbonate platform are mainly of grain beach and it belongs to clastic rock and carbonate deposition.
The bioclastic dolostone and terrigenous clastic dolostone that developed underwater highland can form intergranular and intragranular pore because of the skeleton particles support during the diagenetic process, and also can form a large number of karst seam, intragranular dissolved pore and intergranular dissolved pore by dissolution and metasomatism.

.; and G is the prior austenite grain size (ASTM number),ΔT is the undercooling, and Q is the activation energy of the diffusional reaction.
The significance of these differences is discussed later in section V, part D.S(X) in this model is expressed in the form of S(X)= 0XdXX0.41-X(1-X)0.4X (2) The influence of Boron Boron element content has a great influence on the mechanical properties. 10 to 30 PPM of boron addition in the high strength steel can affect the austenite grain boundary ferrite heterogeneous nucleation and increase the intensity of supercooled austenite.
Because the boron element can reduce the interface energy of the austenite grain boundary and increase the ferritic phase transformation of incubation time and reduces the ferrite nucleation rate.

Taking the data of maize, wheat, cotton, peanuts, rice planting area each year from Tianjin Statistical Yearbook[5], as well as the ratio of grain to straw, the straw yield every year was calculated.
Bio-ethanol is made from old grain and it has been vigorously promoted.
The report stated explicitly that developing fuel ethanol should be under the principle of not occupying cultivated land, no grain consumption and not destroying the ecological environment and develop non-food fuel ethanol7].
The sustainable development index P of cellulosic ethanol can be obtained: (1) Here, ai, aij, ajk is the weight; n, m is the number of indexes; Rjk is obtained by data normalization.

Objects with TPMS geometry have a number of interesting properties; in particular, it is known that these surfaces can most effectively dissipate various types of energy, including mechanical energy [3].
At the stage of "siliconizing", the diamond grains are bound by the synthesized silicon carbide and the structure of a non-porous composite material is formed, as well as the layers of the workpiece are joined into a monolithic product.
Microstructures (a, b, c, f) and fractograms (d, e) of the reaction-sintered diamond-silicon carbide material: microstructures with regular-shaped diamond crystals (a, b); area of ​​transcrystalline destruction of the material (destruction of the diamond grain) (c, f); areas of growth of silicon carbide grains (d, e) Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-13-00054).