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However, PMLSM is more easily affected by load disturbance, force ripple and parameter variation.
Dynamic performance is very important index for direct drive, which affects the capability of CNC machines tools.
This will affect the cutting precision and surface quality directly [5].
The property of dynamic disturbance rejection is called dynamic stiffness which is defined as the change in output displacementwith respect to per unit disturbance force [9].
Dynamic stiffness is the most important factor for CNC machine tool servo consideration.

Sensitisation towards intergranular corrosion (IC) was achieved by an additional heat treatment at 130 °C with various exposure times and bases on the precipitation of the intermetallic phase Al5Mg8 along the grain boundaries: · Temper O: Material state according to component state: Rolled and soft annealed · Sensitised (17 h/130 °C): Corresponding to material state after planned operating time for components exposed to heat from engines and brakes · Sensitised (500 h/130 °C): Critical condition, commonly not used due to massive IC The different sensitisation states reveal comparable strength properties (elastic limit: 115-120 MPa, maximum tensile strength: 269-271 MPa) as well as similar fatigue strength properties tested in air [1].
No such drop occurs for specimens without mechanical loading for all tempers.
A technical crack with a length exceeding 0.5 mm cannot be observed at the time of the potential drop nor is the specimen stiffness affected at this period of time.
For variation 2, the strain rate was kept constant and the dwell time was reduced by a factor of four.
The reduction of the strain rate by a factor of ten in variation 3 and the same dwell time as for variation 2 reveals fatigue lives comparable to testing under sinusoidal signal form for the soft annealed reference temper while the fatigue life of the critical sensitisation state is enhanced by 20 % compared to testing under variation 2 but still reduced by factor of three compared to testing with sinusoidal wave form.

However, TG data show that Me-SSQ improved the thermal properties of CE greatly.
Introduction Owing to the excellent dielectric properties, mechanical properties, hot/wet resistance and processability, cyanate ester resins (CE) have found wide application in high-frequency numeric printed circuit board (PCB), high-performance wave-transparent structural materials and the structural materials in aero and space fields [1, 2].
The reactivity is a vital factor to determine the curing techniques, even the final properties of materials [19].
Me-SSQ/CE hybrid systems were studied in terms of curing reactivity and thermal properties.
It can be explained by the completely condensed structure and very stable chemical properties of Me-SSQ.

The hoop orientation degree of PVC-O pipes is an important factor to the evaluation of forming quality.
Introduction It is advisable to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer materials by deforming the polymer at certain conditions and achieving the oriented structure.
For the PVC-O pipe, the mechanical properties are greatly affected by the hoop orientation degree, the higher orientation degree lead to the better mechanical properties.
These advantages make the use of ultrasonic to determine the orientation degree which is more suitable for the characterization of the average orientation level, which is closely associated with the macroscopic mechanics properties.
Properties of Rayleigh wave.

It mainly includes: functional bionic, ideology, structural bionic bionic, material property bionic, etc.
Features: stable unity, orderly visual feeling; (2) the contrast and harmony, by emphasizing the various factors of the differences, achieve modelling is rich, have layers change unified effect.
Shell material: in the appearance of the products processing, want to reflect the material itself constitutes a product unique reasonable aesthetic factors, reflect the use of materials science and production technology advanced, get appearance modelling of form, color, quality is perfect and unified.
ABS is a kind of universal thermoplastic polymer, good rigidity, high impact strength, heat resistance, low temperature resistance, chemical resistance, good mechanical strength and electrical properties, easy processing, processing dimensional stability and surface gloss, easy to painting, coloring.
In the strength of the weak link, appropriately increase modelling beautiful stiffener, both to strengthen the intensity, and do not affect beautiful.

Introduction Concrete can withstand temperatures of up to 200 °C without notable changes in mechanical and chemical properties.
Non-destructive acoustic methods such as impact-echo (IE) and acoustic emission (AE) can provide rapid non-destructive measurements of concrete defects and the condition of concrete degraded by various factors [4], [5], [6].
As the results of the strength of a three-point bending show similar values at temperatures between 20 °C and 200 °C, it seems that the heating of a concrete specimen up to a temperature of 200 °C has no influence on its mechanical properties.
The frequency of thermally degraded test specimens measured shifted to a lower frequency region to the point of the lowest mechanical properties of the 1000 °C set.
Effects of Water Jet on Heat-Affected Concretes.

Introduction Inclusions generated in steelmaking process can affect steel quality considerably [1-4].
The existence of inclusions in steel can result in a non-homogenous distribution of composition, structure and properties of steels; hence, deteriorates the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of steel products for different applications.
The installation position of EMS with respect to the copper mold in the casting facility can significantly affect the quality of cast steel.
An ideal installation site for the EMS depends on many factors, such as type of steel, cross section, length of the copper mold, immersion depth of submerged entry nozzle (SEN), meniscus position, and associated measuring sensors.

For thixoforming it is critical to have a refined microstructure that during the heating to the semisolid state, achieve a mixture of small spheres immerse in liquid, which is crucial in order to get the best rheological properties for the slurry.
As the cross-section of the sample remains approximately constant, the process can be repeated many times allowing to control the microstructure and thus the final properties of the materials [9,10].
The value 1 of the shape factor (SF) indicates a fully globular structure.
As can be seem the ECAP easily flows under a very low stress and the corresponding apparent viscosity also shows better rheological properties leading to a 2 * 104 Pa.s value that is comparable to the presented by lard products.
The effect of microstructure on the rheological properties of alloys in the semisolid: a comparison between MHD, SIMA and spray cast alloys.

Amorphous carbon represents a class of materials with a range of optical, mechanical and electrical properties that lie somewhere between those of graphite, polymers and diamond, depending on deposition conditions.
Material analysis has involved a wide range of high-resolution techniques such as NEXAFS, XPS and Raman spectroscopy, to determine sp 3/sp2 structure, XRR and ellipsometry for refractive index and density, nanoindentation and AFM for mechanical and topological properties etc.
The impact of substrate materials, the use of interlayers and dopants on electrical, mechanical and biological properties will then be presented, with particular relevance to device and plasma considerations.
Considering bias and pressure together implies that the energy of ion bombardment is a significant factor, however it is not clear how these parameters affect the dissociation and transport of species to the substrate.
We note a change in properties after the initial stages of growth (< 20nm).

., often present viscoelastic-plastic behaviors, which is an important influencing factor of the long-term stability of salt caverns in it.
Abaqus requires that creep properties be defined through the same type of test data used to define work hardening properties.
The computational range includes salt rock, mudstone and interlayer, of which mechanical properties are displayed in Table 1.
Schulze, In: Proceedings of the Third Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt, Germany: Trans.
Dawson, In: Proceedings of the First Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt, Germany: Trans.