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In reference [23] this fact is deemed to be related with compaction under compression and reduction of porosity [24]; this is seen as a result of moisture diffusion to unhydrated cement grains and increase of degree of hydration in other writings [25-27].
In this regard, the study posed the following tasks: · obtain data on the intensity of peaks of mineral crystallization when the load is applied at different stages of hardening of the samples; · establish differences in peaks of hydration products of high-aluminate cement subjected to prolonged compression at different stages of hardening; · using a cement paste with a different water-cement ratio to determine the influence of this characteristic on the morphology of the hydration products formed under compression.
It is indicated by reduction of C2AH8 peak at 2Θ=34.56° (its intensity was much higher in the Fig.1) and appearance of peaks of cubical hydroaluminates (2Θ=31.88°; 38.06°; 66.66°).
This conclusion correlates well with the above-noted increase in recrystallization (when comparing data in Figures 1 and 3), which is characterized by increasing porosity and a redistribution of some water [2.6-7.9].
Kosolapov, Formation of the structure of cement stone in concrete during short-term reduction, Izvestiya vuzov.

The XPS data processing has been performed with ECLIPSE software using a calculated Shirley background.
The low S surface coverage obtained by segregation in this experiment is in agreement with previous data reported by Rivoaland et al. [8] that showed that a large amount of sulfur could only be segregated on the Ni-enriched surface of the alloy and that S segregation was limited to small amounts when the surface was Al-enriched.
But the main information is the reduction of the voids growth at 900°C in the NiAlPt sample, under atmospheric pressure.
Therefore, the beneficial effect associated with Pt incorporation could be to increase the diffusion coefficient of aluminium and decreases the diffusivity of others elements [15], which consequently inhibits the Kirkendall mechanism and could explain the drastic reduction in void growth.
Alternatively, during the transformation of crystal structure from monoclinic (θ phase, d = 3,64) to hexagonal (α phase, d = 3,97), the volume reduction (∼ 10 %) , resulting of the higher density of the α phase, contribute to the formation of mechanical stresses in the oxide, which could be reduced with Pt incorporation.

These data were evaluated by an algorithm based on a FEM continuous simulation of nanoindentation [4], which enables the determination of pristine film and substrate elasto-plastic laws (see fig. 2b).
Furthermore, after the impact procedure, a reduction of the maximum indentation depth occurs in the impact center area compared to the untreated one i.e.
Additional significant data, which can be determined by the developed FEM model, are the film as well as the substrate residual stresses in three main directions (X,Y,Z).
On the other hand, the elastic tensile stresses at reference point Pe lead to a yield stress reduction [9].
Moreover, according to the FEM calculated results, in the region near the imprint center, the intense compressive stresses lead to a reduction of the maximum indentation depth, whereas the tensile ones in the imprint vicinity result to indentation depth increase. 4.3 Analytical results verification Similar investigations i.e FEM calculations and nanoindentations were conducted for impact imprint areas at impact loads of 30 and 90 daN.

Therefore, numerous constitutive equations have been developed attempting to model the flow behavior of magnesium alloys from the experimental measured data to describe the hot deformation behavior.
Uniaxial compression tests were carried out at constant strain rates from 0.001 to 1s-1 and at temperatures from 523 to 673K on the Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator with a height reduction of 60%.
Therefore, the stress peak is not identical with the onset of DRX, rather reduction of DRX has to occur before peak strain εp is reached.
This is attributed to the high temperature leading to the increase of the stored energy and reduction the critical strain of DRX.
The stress-strain data obtained from isothermal compression tests can be used to determine the materials constants of the constitutive equation.

Wink and Litvin [6,7] have studied the knowledge about reduction of noise of loaded and unloaded gear drives.
FE analysis of SBGD Straight bevel gears are developed based on the geometric data in the table 1 and are assembled into a SBGD under the PRO/E software environment.
Table 1 Basic geometric data of the example straight bevel gear pair Planetary pinion Axle shaft gear Module [mm] m 6.15 Shaft angle [deg] Σ 90 Number of teeth z 10 18 Pitch diameter [mm] D 61.5 110.7 Outer cone distance [mm] R 63.318 Pitch angle [deg] δ 20.0546 60.9454 Addendum [mm] ha 8.11 4.25 Dedendum [mm] hf 5.35 9.21 Face width [mm] b 24 Determination of the meshing interval for investigation.
Kapelevich, Asymmetric modified spur gear drives: reduction of noise, localization of contact, simulation of meshing and stress analysis, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering188(2000) 363-390
Litvin, Daniele Vecchiato, Kenji Yukishima, Reduction of noise of loaded and unloaded misaligned gear drives, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering195(2006) 5523-5536

The latter two variables are also important when investigating fretting wear, whereas local stress and strain data are crucial for plain fatigue lifing.
Table 1 shows some of these geometrical data for the 18-toothed spline coupling that have been non-dimensionalised with respect to the pitch circle diameter (D).
When the bore size is increased to 0.76D, there is a reduction in the � 11 stress along the fillet and root of the tooth.
This is due to the combined effects of a reduction in the load per tooth, which leads to a reduction in stress magnitudes; a sharper fillet radius, which leads to increased peak stresses in the fillet; and movement of the contact-side fillet away from the contact trailing-edge stress concentration, which leads to reduced contact-side fillet stresses.

The obtained CuO/TiO2/g-Al2O3 catalysts denoted as CuTA 1.2 Catalytic activity of NO reduction Catalytic activity was measured at the steady state in a fixed-bed quartz reactor (WFS-3010, made in China).
XRD data were obtained using a horizontal Rigaku B/Max IIIB powder diffracter-meter with Cu Ka radiation and a power of 40kV×30mA.
The NO-TPD data were obtained by a mass spectrometer (LC SERIES DYCOR of AMETEK, made in Germany). 0.15g catalyst was pretreated by He at 500for 1.0 h, then cooled down to 25and switched to a 50 cm3min-1 flow of 10% NO/He(v/v) mixture for 45 min.
N2O is an important intermediate in the NO reduction and its appearing temperature will directly influence the NO+CO reaction.

In this paper, the factors including glass’s raw material, melting temperate, time of glass melting and the oxidization or reduction state, which affect the coloring effect by Cu2+, have been studied.
The carbon powder and Sodium nitrate(NaNO3) were used to control the oxidation- reduction quality[4,5].
It can be observed from the data that under the condition of Oxidizability (COD value was 160.23), the negative values of Chroma index, a and b, increased with the increasing of concentration of CuO.
According the technical data in the results of tests, the light transmittance , brightness index, colour registration index and colour saturation of Glass Plate 6 were better than that Glass Plate 7.

The oxidation peak at about 0.4-0.6 VSCE represents the partially oxidized emeraldine state of PANI and the oxidation peak at about 1-1.2 VSCE and the reduction peak at about 0.2-0.3 VSCE represent the pernigraniline and leucoemeraline states, respectively.
When the potential scans were repeated, the height of the oxidation and reduction peaks increased regularly, which implied that the polymer was being well deposited onto the working electrode and that the thickness gradually increased[6].
Nyquist plots for bare, PANI and PANI-Silica coating steel in 1M H2SO4 solution According to data given in Table 2, protection efficiency of polyaniline coated steel in 1M sulfuric acid is 70%.
Impedance data obtained by simulation of nyquist plots Sampel Rs () CPE1(Ω-1Sn) CPE2(Ω-1Sn) Rcoat () Rct () % Bare 1.36 1347×10-7 4921×10-7 11.85 327 - PANI Coating 1.22 2123×10-8 183×10-5 267 1091 70 Nano Composite(1) 1.37 1847×10-8 1081×10-5 291 1684 79 Nano Composite(2) 1.43 1781×10-8 958×10-5 309 2600 87 Nano Composite(3) 1.32 1347×10-8 1347×10-4 321 3126 89 Conclusion The cyclic voltammograms and X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the successful deposition of PANI and PANI-Silica coating on the 316L SS surface by cyclic voltammetry.

Fig. 1 UV-vis Absorption Spectra of 1a, 2a, 3a with-naphthylmethylene (A) and1b, 2b, 3b (B) in DMF The conjugated system of 3a and 3b, as the corresponding reduction product of 2a and 2b, has not changed much, but the maximum absorption wavelength is obviously changed.
Their absorption and fluorescence emission data in DMF are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 The Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Data in DMF of the Compounds 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b Compound lmax,1 [nm] (e [L×mol-1×cm-1]) lmax,2 [nm] (e [L×mol-1×cm-1]) lmax,3[nm] (e [L×mol-1×cm-1]) lem [nm] Fluoroscence indensity 1a 271(9.67´103) 283(9.29´103) - - - 1b 264(4.34´103) 384(1.08´104) - - 2a - 284(1.74´104) - 339 389.9 2b 274(1.48´104) 476(1.68´104) - - 3a 284(1.49´104) 298 (1.40´104) 323(1.28´104) 366 2178 3b - - 361(3.22´104) 443 239.8 Fig. 2 Fluoresence Spectra of 1,3,4-thiadiazole 2a, 3a and 3b Experimental General Methods 1H NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO and CDCl3 on a Brucker spectroscopic DPX-300 spectrometers.
Compound 3a was obtained at 80°C reflux temperature for 10h by zinc reduction of compound 2a.