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One problem of predicting dynamic response based on 3D solid model is that 3D solid model cost a long CPU time and hard disk requirement, which can be solved with the development of computer technology and model order reduction methods.
To handle this problem, many model order reduction methods are presented in the rotor dynamic analysis.
Transfer function method is one of the promising reduction methods.
In most cases, the bearing stiffness is given, and the casing support stiffness can be obtained through finite element model calculation or experiment data.
The total support stiffness data calculated in the previous section is retrieved and used to define parameter tables which describe the support stiffness varying against frequency.

A weight reduction of up to 15% can also be achieved by having a MGD [18].
A cost reduction of up to 35% can be achieved by using a MGD instead of a single high speed doubly fed induction generator [18].
Besides the cost and weight reductions of a MGD due to its mounting on the pinions, which does not need an extra assembly, the ease of maintenance of smaller generators in a MGD instead of a large generator in the baseline drivetrain is among the most significant advantages of a MGD.
In order to automatically control the MGD to generate an optimum output power, the electromagnetic clutches can be engaged by an active control system that has two main parts: the data acquisition part (DAP), and the control (Ctrl) part, as shown in Fig. 8.
In the Ctrl part, the actuator, which is the electromagnetic clutches, is activated and deactivated, based on the input rotational speed of the electric motor, and the output power can be obtained by reading the output voltage of the MGD that is sampled by the SCB-68 data acquisition interface.

In the case of servo presses, the above mentioned additional contribution of inertial forces would mean a reduction of the by means of the servo-drive attainable variability of the path-time-characteristic of the ram.
Using the software LMS Virtual Lab the construction data of this high speed press is utilized to create a multiple-body simulation model which can be used to calculate the motions of the drive components as well as their resulting inertial forces.
The acquired data is evaluated by a criterion which determines to what extent the inertial forces of the press are compensated using the evaluated control signal.
A significant reduction of the oscillations in all three space dimensions (x,y,z) can be recognized and is an indication of the functionality of the mass-balancing system.
The application of trigonometric function as definition for the control signals allow a reduction of the necessary optimization steps and eliminated the problem of drifting linear motors.

In plant cell, the oxidative stress reactions are associated with toxic free radicals from the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide radicals (O2-), singlet oxygen (.O2), hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).
Statistical analysis [19] The data were analyzed by Factor Analysis and Canonical Correration Analysis using SAS software.
Above data were analyzed by Factor Analysis with SAS software.
Specially O2. and H2O2 were mainly cleared by Vc and GSH respectively because the oxidation susceptibility of O2. was higher than that of H2O2 and the reduction susceptibility of Vc was higher than that of GSH[20].
Donaldson: Ascorbate tree-radical reduction by gluoxysomal membranes.

From recent reviews of the toxicology data, it is indicated that gasoline is not acutely toxic except at very high concentration but can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung[3-6].
To this end, on the base of the detection of operation state and environmental reduction effect of VRS, the status of VOCs control was analyzed, the problems met in this project were discussed, and the solutions were proposed.
Even under these conditions, the reduction effect of VOCs was significant, which denoted the necessity of vapor recovery control at GFS.
And the supplier of Stage II VRS did not believe in the unsuitable A/L data provided by ISD and refused to maintain their equipments.
It can be summarized into two categories: ① GFS was not modified according to GB20952-2007 completely, e.g., VPSM and ISD were not installed; ② The installed VRS did not operate under normal state: (a) tightness of GFS was not easy to reach standard; (b) stage I VRS was not used properly; and (c) A/L was easy to drift. ③ Even under these conditions, the effect of VOCs, nearest from refueling employee, emission reduction is significant.

In the as implanted sample, a reduction in the net carrier concentration is observed in the region around the projected range (Rp) of the implantation.
This is in contrastTrap label Energy level (eV) σn(p)a (cm2) Reference CiCs Ev + 0.09 10−16 [15] V2(0/+) Ev + 0.19 10−16 [16] H(0.27) Ev + 0.27 10−14 CiOi Ev + 0.36 10−15 [17] VO Ec − 0.18 10−15 [18, 19] E(0.25) Ec − 0.25 10−14 E(0.32) Ec − 0.32 10−13 E(0.45) Ec − 0.45 10−15 Table 1: Trap parameters; energy position and apparent capture cross section to that found in a previous study [20], where the growth of H(0.27) was accompanied by a corresponding reduction of V2, and the present data do not support a correlation between H(0.27) and V2.
The nature of the E(0.32) level, when seen in n-type samples [1, 2], has been established as the acceptor level of a VOH-complex, and the current data show that E(0.32) has similar emission properties as those of VOH(-/0) in n-type samples.
The growth in H(0.27) and E(0.32) is not accompanied by a corresponding reduction in VO (Fig. 2), as would be expected if they resulted from the capture of H by VO.

Table 1 Properties of PP+EPDM+20%Talc material Properties of the material Solid density(g/cm3) 1.0476 Melt density(g/cm3) 0.86622 Recommended mold temperature() 40 Recommended melt temperature() 220 Ejection temperature() 130 Material characteristics PP+EPDM Fibers/Filler 20% Talc filled (a) Plot viscosity (b) Plot PVT data Fig.1.
The following observations can be made from the Fig. 4: (1) From the curve plots in Fig. 4abcd, it is found that increased injection time in combination with other factors has a positive influence on reduction of sink mark depth and warpage; (2) It is observed that, form the curve plots Fig. 4cdef, with altering mold temperature, there were small changing on the value of sink mark depth and warpage. (3) It is found that, form the curve plots Fig. 4abef, increasing melt temperature in combination with other factors has a negative influence on reduction of sink mark depth and warpage.
The data of packing condition was (0, 80%; 6 , 80%; 11, 0).
The following conclusions can be drawn based on the experimental results. (1) The packing condition was the principal factor affecting the warpage and sink mark depth of injection-molded thermoplastic. (2) Increasing mold temperature and decreasing melt temperature has a positive influence on reduction of warpage and sink mark depth, there was minor contribution to minimizing warpage and sink mark depth by changing mold temperature.(3) An optimization packing condition was good for minimizing warpage and sink mark depth.

These allow a strong mass reduction which directly impacts CO2 emissions.
For instance, 50 kg of a car mass saving corresponds to a reduction of about 5 grams of CO2 each kilometer [7].
It is mainly used in aircraft, naval ships, spacecraft and missiles due to the fuel consumption reduction.
The model was implemented in SFTC Deform 3D environment; all the material data are available by literature and the room temperature (15°C) was imposed on the perimeter as boundary condition.
A quick data analysis suggests the use of Joule’s effect heating because of the significant power saving.

Additionally, the mechanical analysis is limited to the sole ingot domain, resulting in a significant reduction of the CPU time.
Widmer and Rehwald [10] summarized the data on the parameters of Equation (5) from various authors, see Table 1.
In the present modelling, Equation (5) is used with the data from Patel and Chaudhuri [11], assuming it is valid for temperatures up to the melting point.
The modelling results also shows that optimization of the process towards a reduction of viscoplastic deformation can be achieved through the control of the cooling conditions.
The present work was funded by the KMB-Si Cost Reduction project, with the following partners: ScanWafer; Elkem Solar; The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and SINTEF (project responsible).

Table 1 The continuous rolling technology and calculated parameters of ∅133.0×5.2mm hollow tube Stand No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Roll nominal diameter [mm] 440 440 440 440 440 440 Roll working diameter [mm] 359.6 355.2 363.7 361.7 362.2 359.8 Roll rotary speed [rad﹒s-1] 8.055 11.852 13.203 15.238 15.473 13.847 Wall thickness reduction [mm] 5.6 6.6 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.0 Wall thickness after rolling [mm] 7.4 6.4 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.2 Description of the Model The space between stands is simplified into 400mm.The size of pierced shell is ∅156×13.0mm, the diameter of the mandrel is ∅120mm, its compensation is 0.4mm, and the velocity of the mandrel is 1400mm/s.
Results and Discussion Transverse Wall Thickness Precision In order to increase the reliability of data of distribution of transverse wall thickness, simulated workpiece should pass through the sixth stand a longer distance.
Then three slices at exit of the sixth stand are analyzed, data processing method is introduced in detail in Ref. [7].
Due to the oval pass, the reduction of the wall thickness at the top of the groove is much more than at the sidewall, especially in the anterior three stands, and at the second stand the difference reaches nearly 40%.
Fig. 8 intuitively shows the reduction range of transverse wall thickness unevenness of rolled hollow tube using the improved pass compared to the original pass.