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As a mean of nondestructive testing, acoustic emission techniques have been widely used in many fields such as materials science [1-2], geology [3] and civil engineering [4-6].
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
Engineering Fracture Mechanics.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
Engineering Geology Vol. 121 (2011), p. 75-88

Self-diagnosing and Warning System of Wind-induced Damage for Large-span Spatial Steel Structure Dahai Gu 1, a, Chun Xiao 1, b, Xingfei Zhang 1, c, Xueping Hao 1, d, Hui Liu 2, e 1School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Roadway Bridge and Structure Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.
The damage of Large-span Spatial Steel Structure(LSSS) can destroy the entire engineering project, and wind-induced weld tensile damage is a structural damage, which is more likely to occur.
[2] Shi Z Y, Law S.S and Zhang L M: Optimum sensor placement for structural damage detection, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics.
[3] K.F.Wang and X.D.Zhang: Research on damage identification in civil engineering structure, Highway, Vol. 1, p.154–159(2008)
[5] Wang.Xinjian, Sui.Meili: LabWindows/CVI virtual instrument detection technology and engineering applications.

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Changsha university of Science and Technology, 410004, Hunan, China; 2.Changsha-Xiangtan Expressway Co.410209, Hunan, China ayangmeiliang@163.com, bzhenhaizeng@hotmail.com, cZhongfangping@sina.com, dchendan_1124@126.com Keywords: finite element; steel cofferdam; stress; strain; deepwater foundation; Abstract: Steel cofferdam has an abroad application in high pile cap construction in deep water foundations.
The simplified calculation as a planar bar system is far from the meeting of the actual engineering demands.
Engineering backgrounds The target bridge is a 65+5*120+65m seven-span rigid frame-continuous beam composite bridge.
Structure engineers, 2006.6, 41-45(in Chinese) [3] ZHANG Bo, SHENG Hetai, Ansys finite element numerical analysis theory and engineering application, Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005.
(in Chinese) [5] JTJ215-98 Load Code for Harbour Engineering [S].

Mander, "Damage avoidance design for buildings," KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 541-548, Mar 2014
McNamara, "Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications: Current practice and recent developments," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 134, pp. 3-21, 2008
Erasmus, "Ring springs on holding-down bolts for seismic energy dissipation," Transactions of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand: Civil Engineering Section, vol. 15, pp. 41-47, 1988
Clifton, "Low damage braces using Asymmetrical Friction Connections (AFC)," in New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 2014 Annual Conference, 2014
Pampanin, "Reshaping structural hysteresis response with semi-active viscous damping," Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 15, pp. 1789-1806, 2016.

Introduction Many pioneering engineering and scientific discoveries have accumulated in the use of cement and concrete in modern construction work.
High-strength concretes for special applications have been produced for a number of years in civil and structural engineering projects, while experiments with glass fibre reinforcement and self-compacting concrete have been advancing just as quickly.
This structure is a testament to the durability of concrete and the skill of Roman engineers.
Ward, a mechanical engineer, was working on a reinforcement method using iron bars.
[10] McBeth, Douglas: "Francois Hennebique (1842–1921) – Reinforced concrete pioneer", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1998 [11] Information on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalls_Building

Structural Engineer,2008,24(6):154-158 [2] American Iron and Steel Institute, AISI.
Cold-Formed Steel Series, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri,1998 [10] R.Serrette, D.Peyton.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 1999, 125(2):128-136 [15] R.A.LaBoube, M.A.Sokol.
Department of Civil Engineering, Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri,2004 [17]Yanyong Song.
Application of ANSYS Finite ElementTheory and Engineering Encyclopedia [M].

Anyata 2, b 1, 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria a osujisyl@yahoo.com, bbufanyat_a@yahoo.co.uk Keywords: Rockfill dam, stress-deformation, Jebba, hydraulic fracturing, finite element Abstract: The behaviour of the core of rockfill dam with slanting clay core was investigated with the Jebba main dam, Nigeria as a case study.
References [1] A.R.Golze (Ed) Handbook of Dam Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, U.S.A, 1977
Barron, "The Design of Earth Dams", Handbook of Dam Engineering, Golze A.R (ed), Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, U.S.A., 1977, PP. 291-318 [4] NEPA Jebba Hydroelectric Development: Design Transmittal: Engineer's Analysis of Stability of the Embankment Dams, Montreal Engineering Company Limited, March 1982
Sherand, "Embankment Dam Cracking", Embankment Dam Engineering Casagrande Volume, Hirschelf, R.C. & Poulos, S.J.
Leslie, "Earth Foundation Treatment of Jebba Dam Site", Journal of Geotechnical Engneering, American Society of Civil Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering Division), vol. 110, October, 1984, pp 1415 - 1430.

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is widely used in civil structures such as buildings [9-11] and bridges [12-14].
This technique also applied in mechanical[15-17] and aerospace engineering applications[6-7].
Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA: Elesevier, 1993
I. , "Dynamic Characterization Of Fibre Reinforced Composite(S-Glass) In Rigid Armoured Vehicle," Master of Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknology MARA, August 2006
S. , and Soutis C. , "Damage detection in composite materials using frequency response methods," Composites Part B: engineering, vol. 33, pp. 87-95, 15 June 2001.

Seismic performance of the Masonry Buildings with Frame at the Bottom Equipped with the New Hybrid Damper Xianghong Sun1, a, Xudong Liu1,b, Yanjun Fan1,c and Shuangjie Ding1,d 1School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.
Engineering Structures, 29 (2007) 1889-1902
Earthquake engineering and Engineering Vibration (2002), 22(2):154-157.In Chinese [5]Conglv Qing, Aihui Zhang.
SMA Passive Damping Methods of Seismic Resistance of Civil Engineering Structures and its Applications.
Earthquake engineering and Engineering Vibration (2003),23:1,133-139, In Chinese [8] Su,D,X.

Ecological System Theory in Planning and Design: Ecological Conception and Level Analysis Sun Kezhen College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China sunkezhen@bucea.edu.cn Keywords: Ecological system theory, Ecological denotation and connotation, Urban and landscape planning, Architecture design Abstract.
Ecological engineering is ecological system engineering; it is the combination of system engineering and ecological system.
It is not a single and partial project, but it is system engineering.
At present, a lot of landscape engineering designs and scenic area planning in our country are still general level ecological engineering.
The relationship between high and general level of ecological engineering: General level of ecological engineering plays an important role in improving ecological environment.