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Besides Si and Mn, the element Mo and/or Cr and/or Nb that strongly affecting the bainite and martensite transformation should be considered. fa is the formed ferrite fraction. a and b are coefficient, a=5.0, b=-3.0 for bainite transformation and a=8.1,b=-4.4 for martensite according to Liu[5].
Fig 5 Optical microstructure of C-Mn-Si DP steel(using 4% nitric alcohol solution as etchant) Optical microstructure of DP steel is shown in Fig5 and mechanical properties are shown in Tab.2.
Table 2 Mechanical properties of DP steel RP0.2[MPa] Rm[MPa] Rp0.2/Rm A50[%] 180°cold bending 335 595 0.563 30 qualified Conclusions Modeling structure for austenite decomposition and ferrite grain size of economical DP steel produced on CSP line is proposed in present paper.
Modelling effect of hot rolling process variables on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon strip steels[J],Ironmaking and steelmaking, Vol.31(2004), p.169
Effects of composition and processing factors on the mechanical properties of as-hot-rolled dual-phase steels,ISIJ, Vol.24(1984),p.113.

Introduction Different trademarks of tungsten carbide have different chemical components, crystal grain size and mechanical performance and are adoptable to different engineering fields.
Among all factors influencing the performances of tungsten carbide, grain size may become more attentive one [1, 2].
The chemical compositions and properties of substrates are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Chemical compositions and properties of the substrates WC-Co Average size Nominal composition Density Hardness Transverse rupture grade of WC powder[µm] [wt.％] [g·cm-3] [HRA] strength[MPa] 1(K01) 0.5 94％WC-6％Co 14.85 93.0 2700 2(K10) 1.5 94％WC-6％Co 14.95 91.5 2500 3(K20) 3.0 94％WC-6％Co 14.95 91.0 2600 Tribological Tests.
The adhesion and the surface roughness of diamond thin film are the two key factors for diamond coated cutting tools, therefore, it is very important to obtain high quality diamond films with high adhesive strength and low surface roughness for the diamond coated cutting tools by regulating deposition parameters according to the grain size of substrate.

Introduction Corrosion is the major factor causing pipe cracking under long-term operation.
Pipe corrosion and pipe leakage are the major failures mode, but hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide-stress cracking (SSC) are the most serious factors of pipe corrosion [1,2].
When the plastic elbow being deformed its temperature T＞TR （re-crystallized temperature）which means Inconel 600, with properties of re-crystallization TR =470˚C，its elbow has gone through transient temperature over 470℃。
Analysis and Conclusion Based on the sampling analysis of the 2” wastage alkali system，including chemical analysis, mechanical properties, thickness and speed relations, corrode products inspection, the bended portions seriously reduce the thickness and causing cracking.
Temperature will also affect the corrosion rate caused by active S2- [3], so the operation temperature shall be lower than 205˚C.

Environment temperature and loading condition will greatly affect its performance.
Low temperature bending creep test of asphalt mixture The properties of the material.
When the factors mentioned above are changed, the asphalt mixture will have different properties as elasticity, viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and plasticity etc.
Because of the complexity of the rheological model of asphalt mixture, it’s unable to show viscoelastic property of asphalt mixture by a single mechanical component.
Conclusions (1) The Burgers model established in this paper can precisely describe viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture based on the creep test of base asphalt and SBR modified asphalt (2) The methods of determining relaxation modulus are feasible based on the bending creep test data and time-temperature equivalence principle.

Introduction Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) is an emerging technology in the 21st century.
But the working environmental factors had not been considered.
Variable density method interpolation model include SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) material interpolation model and RAMP (Rational Approximation of Material Properties) material interpolation model.
For unit material properties, except for Poisson's ratio for constants, other properties including the young's modulus, element conductivity and element structure stiffness matrix all change with the unit relative density changes.
In addition, on the assumption that changes in the structure field do not affect the material thermal conduction properties.

This forms a flat flexible patch in which the fibre is protected from mechanical and environmental damage.
However, it is important that the mechanical strength of the patch is not achieved at the expense of good strain transfer characteristics.
Equation (1) implies that the reflected wavelength λΒ is affected by any variation in the physical or mechanical properties of the grating region.
However, although commercial uptake of the technology is increasing, it has been limited by a number of factors including cost, which is falling but still tends to be higher than that of electrical resistance strain gauges (RSG), perceived novelty and complexity, and the difficulty of handling fragile optical fibres.
RSG readings corrected for apparent strain due to temperature and temperature-related change in gauge factor.

Factors that have facilitated international technology transfer include globalization of business, liberalization of the economic regimes of many countries, and the impetus given to the protection of intellectual property after the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Ramanathan [2].
The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influencing the validation process and the impact of those factors toward validation process at pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry.
Influence factors of pharmaceutical process validation.
Influence factors of pharmaceutical process validation.
Process Mechanical Engineering, (2003)

The simple structure of single material wall construction is also very convenient, but its thermal insulation properties and high-performance materials in wall insulation gap significantly.
Internal wall insulation preservation performance is good, but due to the materials, construction and other factors, which to cause cracking and cannot effectively solve the “cold bridge” building envelop insulation performance, and prone to condensation, damp, or moldy drips the water and other phenomena in the cold bridge place.
Sandwich wall panel of the lateral walls need to be supported at various levels, the resulting wall there are lots of cold bridge phenomenon and its insulation performances greatly affected.
Specific failure mode is closely related with the panel and the material properties of the core material, structural and loading patters.
Surface layer, the core material and the material properties of the cement layer on the structural strength and delimitation extension loads have a certain impact, Therefore, as far as possible to improve the properties of the surface layer to improve the sandwich structural strength.

The developed model takes into account the coupling between mechanical and thermal fields and the temperature dependency of the thermomechanical properties.
The developed model takes into account the coupling between mechanical and thermal fields and the temperature dependency of the thermo mechanical properties.
The numerical simulations developed considers thermal and mechanical temperature-dependent properties for UNS32750 until 600 °C [18,21-23], after this temperatures was used AISI 316L thermal and mechanical properties [24].
The numerical model permits to assess the stress levels during and after welding execution considering mechanical and thermal properties of material in function of temperature.
Microstructure, properties and applications, Cambridge, Abington Pub. (2003)

A numerical model is proposed for simulating the laser forming process: it includes nonlinear transient thermal and structural analysis and accounts for the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of the maerial.
Material properties.
Thermal properties (Thermal conductivity, specific heat and convective heat transfer) and Mechanical property (elasticity modulus, Poisson ratio, density and yield stress) are temperature dependent[8] [9].
Data Analysis Effect of factors on bending angle.
Main effects plot of factors can be used to draw a draft conclusion about effects of factors.