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Introduction Along with increasingly severe issues on energy and environment, energy conservation and emission reduction facing the automotive industry has become the vital development tendency.
Automobile lightweight, as one of important means in energy conservation and emission reduction, has been valued by an increasing number of researchers [1].
Thermal-mechanical analysis is adopted with requirement of inputting the material stress-strain curve at different temperature, Fig.2 shows the stress versus strain data as a function of temperature for 22MnB5 steel at a strain of 0.1 s-1.The main Thermal-mechanical material properties used for this model are presented in Table 1.
Fig.3 shows the computed results, the results show the thinning distribution of the component in Fig.3 (a).The reduction of thickness of the component in most positions is between 1.7% and 10 %, the reduction of the thickness in the both end of the slot can reach up to 20 %.

A similar behavior was found by Hafizpour et al. [6] who report a reduction in the relative density of Al/SiC composites from 0.96 to 0.80 with the increase of SiC from 0 to 30%; concentration of hard particles made necessary high compaction pressures to deform the soft metal particles.
Similarly, Gan and Gu [2] showed a reduction in the green density of Cu/SiC compacts from 93% to 83% due to hardening of the matrix and morphological changes of the aggregates formed that affect the packing characteristics after mechanical milling.
It was found that by adding higher volumes of SiC, the milled powders became more irregular in shape, with a simultaneous reduction in size.
After 2h milling, a reduction in particle size was observed (D50=10.0 μm).
A good linear correlation coefficient was obtained when densification and pressure data are fitted by these models.

In the oppositely arranged axial rolling gap, the upper axial roll moves towards the stationary lower axial roll, which causes a reduction of the ring’s height.
By the reduction of the wall thickness and the height of the ring the material flows primarily tangentially in the circumferential direction, which results in an increase of the diameter.
When the ring passes this rolling gap and experiences a high axial reduction an effect of lateral expansion occurs, the so-called beads [10].
Although ring rolling is a forming process and therefore without any loss of material, the manufacturing steps before the ring rolling process, e.g. the piercing and the removal of oxide scale after the heating, lead to a reduction of the billets’ volume.
The combination of both data gained will allow for a prediction of the ring’s geometry in cold state.

According to real-time data of Environmental Monitoring Center, as of February 2014, the national haze affected area has more than 1.43 million square kilometers, whether from the Northeast China to North China or Central China to East China all prevalent serious air pollution.
Figure 4, in the particle size range of less than 0.2μm (200nm), E10 ethanol gasoline reduction rate of particle number density distribution is approximately multinomial distribution correspond to regular gasoline fuel.
After 0.2μm, the distribution of the reduction rate is approximately logarithmic distribution, the reduction rate increases when particle size is bigger; however, the increase rate gradually decreases.
The reduction rate is 50% when bigger than 3.1μm.

Existed phases were determined by X-ray diffraction using a diffractometer (XRD-6100, Shimadzu, Japan) operating at 30 kV and 30 mA in a 2θ range of 29–80 degree, and recording data at 0.2 degrees with steps at a speed of 1.0 degrees/min.
The cold workability of the alloys in this study was investigated through applying cold rolling with reduction rate of 0.5% at roller speed equal to 25 rpm with keeping the rolling direction constant and without intermediate annealing.
The cold workability of the alloys are measured as a function of the maximum reduction in thickness by cold rolling before the appearance of major crack that leads to failure.
The results showed that the Ti-8Mn alloy with low Mn-content has limited cold workability as the percentage of cold rolling thickness reduction is less than 15% before that appearance of major cracks.
However, further increasing in Mn-content, at 18% Mn-content, the workability decreases drastically to reach less than 8% reduction ratio and no cold workability at 20% Mn-content.

Input the raw data of the power distribution network, and access to the distribution network node and branch information.
Comparison of the optimal solutions of different methods 　 Optimum location Optimum Capacitor size(kvar) Active Power loss(kW) Reduction in loss(%) Without Cap With Cap This paper 29 1000 202.68 135.84 32.98 10 510 Literature [2] 29 1020 202.68 137.80 32.01 24 310 12 400 The results obtained for the optimal placement of Capacitor has been compared with the results of reference [2].In ref [2] modified particle swarm optimization algorithm has been used to obtain the results.
Use the algorithm in this paper to identify the compensation point nodes 29 and 10, algorithm in ref [2] to identify the compensation point nodes 29, 24and12.The reduction in active power loss with capacitor is 32.98% for test system used in this paper is better than that in ref [2].
The node voltage Figure before and after compensation of IEEE33 node test system Conclusion A methodology is presented in this paper to optimally locate and size capacitor simultaneously for power loss reduction.
[11] Mesut E B,Wu Felix F.Network reconfiguration in distributionsystems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Trans onPower Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407

With the adsorption of sludge-based char, the increase of SCOD concentration on sludge-based surface, mass transfer power reduction, the rate of SCOD adsorption slows down, desorption rate increases.
From the test data can be seen, the average removal rate of TN increased about 10% (form 40.6% to 50.3%) after added the sludge-based char.
The application of sewage sludge-based char for fuel About half of the carbon in dried sludge was left into solid products namely sludge-based char in sewage sludge pyrolysis process, and dried sludge reduction rate is more than 50%, so the calorific value of sludge-based char and the dried sludge is basically the same [10].
The O element is the energy consumption, therefore, although the H element content reduction, the O element content also reduction, the C element content is basically the same, so the heating value of sludge-based char should be same as the dried sludge.

The train speed is 350km/h.The two regions are connected by interface to exchange data.
Figure 5 shows the center of reduction.
Fig. 5 Center of reduction Fig. 6 Direction of the aerodynamic force As the compression waves and expansion waves transferring repeatedly, making the variation of aerodynamic drag of the first and last cars of the train is more complicated in tunnel.
When the pressure reaches the minimum value, the first car reaches the maximum drag reduction.
Vehicle Dynamics Calculation of High-speed Trains Applying the aerodynamic force to the center of reduction and solving the vehicle dynamics Eq. 2 using numerical methods, we can get the dynamics characteristics of the train excited by railway track irregularity and aerodynamic force.

Surgical treatment included open reduction and fragment fixation by coronal approach, in 11 patients or access through preexisting forehead lacerations, in 3 patients.
After complete exposure, fracture reduction was made by pulling the bone fragments back.
CT scans verified anatomic reduction and osteosyntesis [22].
CT scans revealed correct bone fragment reduction and osteosynthesis, and good restauration of the bony contour in the frontal area.
Data regarding persistent pain, wound infection, mucocele formation, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumocephalus and cerebral abscesses were recorded.

Basic methods for pollutant emission reduction generally rely on two different types of measures [2].
Wang[6] investigated the application of the miller cycle concept to reduce engine exhaust gas emissions and found that significant NOx reductions could be achieved, albeit with a penalty in engine fuel consumption.
Fig.5 The cylinder grid model The practicability of the calculation has been proved by making a comparison between simulation results and the measured data of the engine.
Results also show apparently reduction on SOOT emission with the increase proportion of ethanol.
An experimental investigation of NOx emission reduction from automotive engine using the miller cycle[C].