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Fig. 1 The stereo map of cast samples Fig. 2 The processed specimen Table 1 The Process conditions and mechanical properties of the samples Serial number Applied pressure(MPa) (A) Pouring temperature (°C) (B) Pressure holding time （s）(C) Tensile strength （MPa） Elongation rate（％） Rockwell hardness （HRB） 1 50 670 5 143.2 5.6 72.6 2 50 700 10 158.5 7.4 75.5 3 50 730 15 132.4 6.3 70.5 4 110 670 15 179.8 6.1 81.2 5 110 700 10 209.5 9.2 85.3 6 110 730 5 203.5 7.3 83.2 7 150 670 10 182.7 6.5 78.3 8 150 700 5 202.5 5.6 81.1 9 150 730 15 200.6 6.3 76.4 Each processed specimen（Fig. 2）was sectioned longitudinally at mid-width using a wheel cutter, ground by SiC papers and polished with 0.05 mm magnesium powder.
Increasing applied pressure not only helps to reduce shrinkage porosity, it may also alter the microstructure due to better heat transfer into the surrounding mould material and lead to possible grain refinement effect following extensive undercooling of the melt.
Fig. 5 The Micrograph of the squeeze cast samples Discussion Applying pressure on the melt in squeeze casting process seems to be the main reason for grain refinement of the alloy microstructure.
Higher tensile strength of the AZ31 Mg alloy squeeze cast samples up to 110 MPa applied pressure, can be also due to the finer grain size and smaller the microstructure due to higher in comparison with other cast samples [7].

When the creep deformation of each phase is assumed to be controlled by grain-boundary diffusion (Coble creep), the constitutive equation is expressed as follows,
(6) is the geometric constant (~16), the grain boundary diffusivity, the grain boundary width, the volume of a diffusing atom and the Boltsman’s constant.
P is the total number of sub-layers in the FG layer.

In this paper we put forward the corresponding optimized indicators and methods to select the demulsifier which can better reduce the number of oil droplets under 1μm and its additive dosage through indoor experiments.
With the action time continue, the basic trend is that average grain diameter which the grain size and volume of oil drop less than 10 percent raise, and the concentration and content of oil drop that the grain diameter below 1μm decrease.

. % Ni (0.07´5´100 mm, grains 0.2 mm in size, {100}<001> texture), Fe - 3 wt. % Si (0.3×5×100 mm, grains 5 mm in size, {110}<001> texture), and Fe - 6.5 wt. % Al (0.3´5´80 mm, grains 4 mm in size, {110}<001> texture).
Relative variation of Hc and P of the alloys under different treatments (numbers of curves correspond to irradiation doses: 1 - 0, 2 - 1015, 3 - 1016, 4 - 1017 ions/cm2).

One of the most evident microstructural characteristics is that there are a large number of plate-like TiB2 and hexahedron TiC grains distributed in the materials.
The grain sizes of TiC are 0.3~1.2 μm and the thickness of the plate-like TiB2 is about 0.2~0.5 μm.
The grain sizes of TiC are 0.3~1.2 μm and the thickness of the plate-like TiB2 is about 0.2~0.5 μm.

The nanostructures increase the light extraction efficiency of a LED by increase the number of light to be scattered out from the LED surface [2].
The average roughness, mean grain area and grain boundary density become higher at low oxygen concentration.
Gas composition Ar10:Ox5 Ar8:Ox7 Ar5:Ox10 Mean Grain Area (µm2) 3.982×10-2 6.245×10-2 1.14×10-1 Optical Properties.

The type and grain size of stone column material is one of the controlling parameters in the design of stone column.
The effect of drainage conditions, the grain size of the stone column material, the confining pressure of the soil and the rate of deformation have investigated.
The grain size of the stone column material is one of the main controlling parameters in the design of stone columns.
Schweiger and Pande [1] have mentioned that due to a very complex interaction between the columns and the surrounding soil, a rational solution of the problem has not been developed because of the number of parameters involved: initial stresses, construction effects, dilatancy to mention just a few.

For related processing industries, AFM processing technology can provide accurate, consistent, flexible and economic needs, especially in the medical, aerospace, the processing of a large number of electronic components and automotive mold cylinder parts machining etc.
Rhoades [7] found that the processing parameters that abrasive grain size, hardness, shape, and extrusion pressure are affect the abrasive path when he studied the AFM machining mechanism.
The silicon carbide is used in this experiment as abrasive grains is shown in Fig.1, which mainly composed of silica sand and coke from melting in an electric furnace, and can be used for grinding of iron, steel, bronze and synthetic carbides.
The percentage of the weight of the abrasive grains and the medium is from 30% to 150%.

The number of impacts until breakage was calculated.
Fig. 5 shows the the number of impacts until breakage.
Results V=140, (459) f=0.12, (0.005) D.O.C=0.2, (0.008) DRY No. 1 2 3 ①Gear shaft ②34CrMo4 HRC58-62 ①Gear ②15MnCr5 HRC58-62 NU-CNMA120412 NU-CCGW09T312 PCBN-1 Number of pieces (pcs.) 0 100 PCBN-2 150 0200400 600 ①die ②SKD11 HRC60 V=140, (459) f=0.07, (0.0028) Rd=0.04, (0.0016), Ad=8, (0.315), DRY 200 100 Helical Master BNES1120 Number of pieces (pcs.)
Results V=140, (459) f=0.12, (0.005) D.O.C=0.2, (0.008) DRY No. 1 2 3 ①Gear shaft ②34CrMo4 HRC58-62 ①Gear ②15MnCr5 HRC58-62 NU-CNMA120412 NU-CCGW09T312 PCBN-1 Number of pieces (pcs.) 0 100 PCBN-2 150 0200400 600 ①die ②SKD11 HRC60 V=140, (459) f=0.07, (0.0028) Rd=0.04, (0.0016), Ad=8, (0.315), DRY 200 100 Helical Master BNES1120 Number of pieces (pcs.)
Number of holes PCBN-1 PCBN-2 PCBN-1 PCBN-2 PCBN-1 PCBN-2 Number of impacts until breakage (thousand times) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Fig. 5.

In the above two cases, grain growth have certain preferential direction but not obvious.
Comparatively, that of the latter has coarser grain and all over the interface there is marked differences, and with poorer dispersion and dilution.
The results are showed that: (1)The binding state of the same cladding materials on different substrate differ greatly in grain size, growth direction and structure of boundary
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the foundation by Hunan Science and Technology Agency-funded projects with the project number 2008FJ3081 References: [1] Si Songhua.