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Its microstructure contains coarse grains (average grain size of ASTM No. 5 or coarser) which lead to high creep strength.
Desulphurisation is needed as the grain boundary segregation is seen with increased sulphur content [31].
Based on the material availability, standard sand size of ‘48’ number (as per the American Foundry Society) is used as fresh sand with up to 60% reclaimed sand in cold box process.
Though this work employs a very small number of samples for research, it can act as a reference point for further studies.
· Explorations are required for using a greater number of samples under highly controlled conditions for firm establishment of this method in foundries

The CLC poly-Si n-TFT device was then fabricated by a green laser annealing system, defining as continuous-wave laser crystallization, to produce a grain-like silicon channel.
The test-key pattern of CLC grain-like poly-Si n-TFT [4] is shown in Fig. 1(a), and Fig. 1(b) describes the A-A’ cross-section profile in Fig. 1(a).
The degradation of drain current under DAHC-1 with the increase in stress time is attributed to the generation in grain boundary trap states and interface trap states.
The power law numbers at room temperature and high temperature are 0.157 and 0.285, respectively.

Here, it satisfies: E=∪Ei (i=1,2,……q) (1) Where E represents the volume of the model, Ei the ith sub component volume, q number of sub volumes.
(a) 100μm 100μm (b) 40μm (c) (a) Columnar crystal zone (b) Fine crystal reheat zone Fig.2 Typical microstructure (c) Acicular ferrite structure Compared with the columnar crystal zone, there is a similar characteristic and formation mechanism for coarse crystal reheat zone, while the different lies on that the grain size of structure from coarse crystal reheat zone is smaller, and there is more pealite.
As seen from Fig.2 (b), its main structure is acicular ferrite, proeutectoid grain-boundary ferrite and pearlite, and the content of pearlite is remarkably high.
As shown from Fig.5 (b) and (c), the cracks extend by stepped means, do not initiate and extend from the grain boundaries; at the same time, the cracks extend with plastic deformation because the bend tear edges typically appear among the small facets which are composed of elongate deformation dimples.

The furthest direct communicate distance of the CAN is 10km(the speed below 5Kbps), the highest communicate speed can approach 1MbPs(at this moment the communicate distance can approach to 40m for the longest), in the case of without CAN bus bridges, repeaters or HUB, the total number of the joint controllers can approach 110 which can completely satisfied the control system of the humanoid robot.
The specific application for rapid moisture detection of grain drying node based on CAN BUS was mainly 6 nodes detection, used the method of timer interruption to detect the 6 nodes moisture measurement, the program flow diagram was shown as Fig. 5.reflected the water content of the grain indirectly.
The resistance moisture content of grain had the advantages of simply designed structured and cheap prize, but with the disadvantages of small signal intensity, high requirements of sampling, couldn't determine the low or high water content accuracy and the precision maybe affected by the contact of the sensor and the samples.

The microstructure of 2xxx aluminium alloys are usually complex because of the many additives used for strength, corrosion resistance or grain structure control [4].
They are located at the grain boundaries of a-Al and they form dendritic network structure.
Large number of the fine needle shaped strengthening phase are located in the boundary zone of the dendritic network structure.
The microstructure of this alloy contains large, irregular eutectic phases and intermetallic particles located mainly at the grain boundaries of a-Al.

%C) C% Si% Mn% P% S% Al% N% Nb% Ti% 0.19 0.23 0.4 0.024 0.015 0.09 0.009 0.04 0.03 According to the specified chemical composition as stated in Table 1, we can identify percentage of carbon equivalent by using two widely used formula, that are Pcm and CEq. [5] develop Pcm formula as below Eq. 1: Pcm % = C% + Si%30 + Mn%+Cu%+Cr%20 + Ni%60 + Mo%15 + V%10 + 5B (1) = 0.218 % Meanwhile by using CEq formula Eq. 2, that developed by [6]: CEq % = C% + Si%25 + Mn%+Cu%16 + Ni%40 + Cr%10 +Mo%15 V%10 (2) = 0.224% Referring to group of carbon equivalents for the assessment of weldability, this both number of carbon equivalent was grouped in Group B that has carbon as more important than the other alloying elements and is more applicable to modern steels [7], So, the weldability of chain links samples based on Pcm and CEq can be define as excellent [8].
The coarse grained region of the HAZ is adjacent to the weld fusion zone and contains grains larger than those in the base material as shown in Fig. 4b.
Fig. 4: Microstructures in HAZ (a) Widmanstatten ferrite, acicular ferrite and allotriomorphic ferrite (b) Coarse grained HAZ at weldment Identify stress distribution caused by external load Literature [9] stated that chain link is one of the most stressed zones.

It could be seen that after the incorporation of PTFE, the grain size of the coating surface was gradually exquisite, and the surface was smooth.
When the concentration of particles in the plating bath is lower, the particles increases with the increase of particles number that exposed to the cathode surface, which will be more particles adsorbed by the cathode and then coated with the matrix metal to form a composite coating.
When the addition of PTFE is 10 g/L, the coating surface is smoother, grain size is exquisite and grain distribution is more uniform.

For a long time, alterations in the growth of eutectic silicon by a large increase in twin density were used to explain eutectic modification, but more recent studies have shown that modification changes the nucleation frequency and dynamics of eutectic grains with associated effects on the growth rate [2, 3].
High cooling rate decreases grain size, shrinkage porosity, and causes more uniform distribution of porosity.
Segregation between dendrites and grain boundaries decreases with increasing cooling rate [4, 5].
Acknowledgement: This research is funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), vot number 1422, Ministry of Education.

The alloy was water sprayed at a pressure of 50 - 60 MPa in a pulverization equipment, with the parameters: liquid metal flow: 0.25 Kg/s; atomization time: 33 s; number of active jets: 12; apex angle nozzle: 25 grd; water consumed: 44.8 l; water flow: 5.66 m3/l; water consummation charge: 5.5 l/kg charge.
Irregular particles surface is rougher while the spherical grains have a much smoother surface.
Sintered compacts density variation according to procedure, compacting pressure and sintering time The analysis of the microstructures of these types of alloys exhibits a α solid polycrystalline solution with polygonal grains, twin crystal, pores, slipping planes in many positions (typical of copper alloys).
The grain shape of the powder of Cu-Ni was selected well as the elements of copper and nickel diffused, and the porosity of the materials produced was 10-15% of the overall volume of the sintered part.

Introduction For end mill cutting, there are a number of research papers on the cutting phenomena and cutting performance as a function of cutting speed, per flute rate and coolant type
The carbide substrate included 8% Co and the carbide grain size was 0.8 µm.
Figure 1 The five carbide tips used in the study 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Grinding wheel grain size # Figure 2 Ground surface roughness without and with a coating Table 1 Characteristics of coating films Coating TiAlN coating film CrSiN coating film TiSiN coating film Characteristics High hardness Oxidation resistance Low friction Low affinity with Fe Super high hardness Super oxidation resistance Hardness 2800 (Hv) 2600 (Hv) 3600 (Hv) Coating thickness ~3 µm ~5 3 µm ~3 3 µm Oxidation start temperature 800°C 1000°C 1100°C Coefficient of friction 0.8 0.3 0.9 ♯230 ♯400 ♯800 ♯1500 Rap polishing Surface roughness Rz μm 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 TiSiN coating film TiAlN
The data indicate that as the grinding wheel grain size becomes smaller, the surface roughness also becomes smaller.