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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Lei Chao, Su Chen, Li Na Sun, Tie Heng Sun
Analysis Method and Data Processing.
Microsoft Excel, SPSS should be used to calculate and process data.
The adsorption reduction is caused by reduction in ionic activity coefficient, increase in inorganic complex, and enhancement on Ca competitive adsorption; when ion concentration is lower than 0.01 mol/L, NO3- has no effect on Cd adsorption, while CI- has great effect on Cd adsorption.
Microsoft Excel, SPSS should be used to calculate and process data.
The adsorption reduction is caused by reduction in ionic activity coefficient, increase in inorganic complex, and enhancement on Ca competitive adsorption; when ion concentration is lower than 0.01 mol/L, NO3- has no effect on Cd adsorption, while CI- has great effect on Cd adsorption.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Grace K. Luk
Removal Efficiency of TP from the 5-layer Bench Scale Model
Different trend-line functions have been fit to the five layers of the removal data, and their R2-values are tabulated in Table 3.
The linearization of this project’s equilibrium data compares very favorably with their findings, and determined the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to be y = 0.5568x + 50.618 and y = 0.7605x - 1.4949, respectively.
Conclusions The overall objective of this research project was to develop a cost-effective, efficient, and affordable on-site Total Phosphorus (TP) removal unit, that would contribute to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment phosphorus reduction strategy compliance limit of 0.30 mgP/L.
Based on the septic tank effluent range of 6 to 20 mgP/L, this theoretical removal would present a maximum concentration of 2.4 mgP/L, and would contribute greatly to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment phosphorus reduction strategy.
The linearization of this project’s equilibrium data compares very favorably with their findings, and determined the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to be y = 0.5568x + 50.618 and y = 0.7605x - 1.4949, respectively.
Conclusions The overall objective of this research project was to develop a cost-effective, efficient, and affordable on-site Total Phosphorus (TP) removal unit, that would contribute to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment phosphorus reduction strategy compliance limit of 0.30 mgP/L.
Based on the septic tank effluent range of 6 to 20 mgP/L, this theoretical removal would present a maximum concentration of 2.4 mgP/L, and would contribute greatly to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment phosphorus reduction strategy.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: János Kundrák, Gyula Varga, Istvan Deszpoth, Viktor Molnar
The Investigated Procedures and the Applied Cutting Data
Procedure A is conventional bore grinding.
Fig. 1 includes the attribute cutting data and the drafts of the three procedures.
Through the increase of the surface rate and the material removal rate, the reduction of machining times is experienced.
The reduction is as good one-fifth of the grinding.
Fig. 1 includes the attribute cutting data and the drafts of the three procedures.
Through the increase of the surface rate and the material removal rate, the reduction of machining times is experienced.
The reduction is as good one-fifth of the grinding.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yong Ye, Hai Ting Xing, Xue Lan Chen
Data was showed as mean ± standard derivation (SD).
SPSS 11.0 software (SPSS Inc., USA) was used to analyze the data of animal tests in groups by one-way AVOVA.
The sequence of concentration of 50% reduction of DPPH radical was S-3 (0.1 mg/ml) > S-4 (0.5 mg/ml) > S-1 (6 mg/ml).
The concentration of 50% reduction of ABTS radical was sequenced as follows: S-3 (0.2 mg/ml) >S-4 (0.4 mg/ml) >S-1 (6 mg/ml) like the results of DPPH.
SPSS 11.0 software (SPSS Inc., USA) was used to analyze the data of animal tests in groups by one-way AVOVA.
The sequence of concentration of 50% reduction of DPPH radical was S-3 (0.1 mg/ml) > S-4 (0.5 mg/ml) > S-1 (6 mg/ml).
The concentration of 50% reduction of ABTS radical was sequenced as follows: S-3 (0.2 mg/ml) >S-4 (0.4 mg/ml) >S-1 (6 mg/ml) like the results of DPPH.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Mochamad Solikin
This reduction is beneficial in the further reduction of total load that must be supported by the foundation.
The result of Fly Ash testing No Chemical composition Persentage % ASTM Standard 1 SiO2 86.09 SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 min. 50% 2 FeO3 1.64 3 Al2O3 5.97 4 CaO 2.31 5 MgO 0.45 6 Loss of Ignition 2,16 The data in Table 2 show that the content of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) is 93.60%, while the minimum standard of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) for Fly ash class C is 50%, and the standard of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) for Fly ash class F is 70%.
Thus, from the data in table 3, it can be concluded that at the age of 14 days, the compressive strength of normal concrete reaches the percentage of 95 %, while that of high volume fly ash concrete reaches the percentage of 73%.
The result of Fly Ash testing No Chemical composition Persentage % ASTM Standard 1 SiO2 86.09 SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 min. 50% 2 FeO3 1.64 3 Al2O3 5.97 4 CaO 2.31 5 MgO 0.45 6 Loss of Ignition 2,16 The data in Table 2 show that the content of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) is 93.60%, while the minimum standard of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) for Fly ash class C is 50%, and the standard of (SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3) for Fly ash class F is 70%.
Thus, from the data in table 3, it can be concluded that at the age of 14 days, the compressive strength of normal concrete reaches the percentage of 95 %, while that of high volume fly ash concrete reaches the percentage of 73%.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: M.O. Korovkin, N.A. Eroshkina
The graphs show experimental data and their approximating linear dependencies.
Using the obtained linear dependencies approximating experimental data, water-to-cement ratios ensuring mix flow of 150 and 300 mm were calculated.
Given that introduction of silica fume into mix caused its considerable flow reduction even with proportion of 5%, investigation of opoka influence on properties of the cement with this additive was terminated at initial stage.
Influence of a Superplasticizer on Cement Grinding and Its Activity Reduction During Storage, Procedia Engineering, 150 (2016) 1600-1604
Using the obtained linear dependencies approximating experimental data, water-to-cement ratios ensuring mix flow of 150 and 300 mm were calculated.
Given that introduction of silica fume into mix caused its considerable flow reduction even with proportion of 5%, investigation of opoka influence on properties of the cement with this additive was terminated at initial stage.
Influence of a Superplasticizer on Cement Grinding and Its Activity Reduction During Storage, Procedia Engineering, 150 (2016) 1600-1604
Online since: February 2007
Authors: Jenő Sólyom, Balázs Verő, A. Takács-Szabó
Whilst making their
products, automobile producers tend to strive for a reduction in used materials and energy along with
ensuring productivity and efficiency [1].
The realisation of mass production is viable due to the great strength of TRIP steels, because a 40-50% reduction in specific material consumption can be achieved owing to the utilisation of such steels.
Sheet thickness, [mm] Production process 1.25 hot-rolling (3.0mm)→cold-rolling(1.23mm) → intercritical heat treatment (galvanisation) 1.20 hot-rolling (3.0mm)→cold-rolling → intercritical heat treatment on quenching and tempering line Table 1: Properties of inspected sheet samples The data of the equipment and devices used during the testing of the sheet samples, as well as the names and places of inspections are included in Table 2.
After this, calculating the amount of residual austenite was done using data from four reflections from both phases, applying computer-aided quantitative phase analysis.
The realisation of mass production is viable due to the great strength of TRIP steels, because a 40-50% reduction in specific material consumption can be achieved owing to the utilisation of such steels.
Sheet thickness, [mm] Production process 1.25 hot-rolling (3.0mm)→cold-rolling(1.23mm) → intercritical heat treatment (galvanisation) 1.20 hot-rolling (3.0mm)→cold-rolling → intercritical heat treatment on quenching and tempering line Table 1: Properties of inspected sheet samples The data of the equipment and devices used during the testing of the sheet samples, as well as the names and places of inspections are included in Table 2.
After this, calculating the amount of residual austenite was done using data from four reflections from both phases, applying computer-aided quantitative phase analysis.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Alexander N. Chusov, Maria Andrianova, Ekaterina Bondarenko
Model experiments showed that decreasing of concentrations of organic impurities occurred mainly at the first two stages of treatment together with reduction of optical density and fluorescence intensity of water samples in UV-Vis region [1, 4].
This data showed that most part of toxic impurities was removed during stages 1 and 2 and organic compounds remaining in water after treatment were in general less harmful.
For further reduction of impurities concentration in treated water application of water hyacinth (or other aquatic macrophytes) was suggested.
URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/8356272 (data of reading 10.10.2014) (rus)
This data showed that most part of toxic impurities was removed during stages 1 and 2 and organic compounds remaining in water after treatment were in general less harmful.
For further reduction of impurities concentration in treated water application of water hyacinth (or other aquatic macrophytes) was suggested.
URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/8356272 (data of reading 10.10.2014) (rus)
Online since: June 2007
Authors: Chi Kyu Choi, R. Navamathavan, Anvar Zakirov, Hyun Seung Kim, Yong Jun Jang, An Soo Jung
This result is also
clearly evidenced by comparing the structural data as shown in Fig. 1 that the intensity of Si-O-C
bond increased.
We believe this variation of mechanical data may be attributed to the different precursor used to prepare the SiOC(-H) films.
Comparing the structural and electrical behavior as shown in Figs. 2 and 5 it is evident that enhancement of cage-link mode due to rearrangement of bonding within SiOC(-H) film resulting in a reduction of dielectric constant.
The results indicated that the abundant incorporation of carbon atoms into the SiOC(-H) film causes the reduction in the dielectric constant of the film.
We believe this variation of mechanical data may be attributed to the different precursor used to prepare the SiOC(-H) films.
Comparing the structural and electrical behavior as shown in Figs. 2 and 5 it is evident that enhancement of cage-link mode due to rearrangement of bonding within SiOC(-H) film resulting in a reduction of dielectric constant.
The results indicated that the abundant incorporation of carbon atoms into the SiOC(-H) film causes the reduction in the dielectric constant of the film.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Ling Shan Chen, Xiong Liu, Yi Liu, Wei Li
Introduction
In recent years, more and more automotive diesel engines are installed SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system to meet the regulatory requirements of Euro IV for automotive emissions.
Equation 5 reveals that NH3 begins the reduction reaction with NOx.
ESC test of diesel engine Diesel engine system is composed of diesel, dynamometer, fuel consumption meter, temperature control system, control cabinet, data acquisition system, online computer etc.
Table 1: ESC test to the diesel engine with SCR system Num. speed(r/min) Load proportion(%) Load(N.m) Weighting coefficient Time (min) 1 Idle/700 -- -- 0.15 4 2 A4/1340 100 1406 0.08 2 3 B2/1665 50 687.5 0.1 2 4 B3/1665 75 1031.3 0.1 2 5 A2/1340 50 703 0.05 2 6 A3/1340 75 1054.5 0.05 2 7 A1/1340 25 351.5 0.05 2 8 B4/1665 100 1375 0.09 2 9 B1/1665 25 343.8 0.1 2 10 C4/1989 100 1185 0.08 2 11 C1/1989 25 296.3 0.05 2 12 C3/1989 75 888.8 0.05 2 13 C2/1989 50 592.5 0.05 2 Processing and analysis of the test data The NOx emissions at the outlet end of catalytic converter are measured.
Equation 5 reveals that NH3 begins the reduction reaction with NOx.
ESC test of diesel engine Diesel engine system is composed of diesel, dynamometer, fuel consumption meter, temperature control system, control cabinet, data acquisition system, online computer etc.
Table 1: ESC test to the diesel engine with SCR system Num. speed(r/min) Load proportion(%) Load(N.m) Weighting coefficient Time (min) 1 Idle/700 -- -- 0.15 4 2 A4/1340 100 1406 0.08 2 3 B2/1665 50 687.5 0.1 2 4 B3/1665 75 1031.3 0.1 2 5 A2/1340 50 703 0.05 2 6 A3/1340 75 1054.5 0.05 2 7 A1/1340 25 351.5 0.05 2 8 B4/1665 100 1375 0.09 2 9 B1/1665 25 343.8 0.1 2 10 C4/1989 100 1185 0.08 2 11 C1/1989 25 296.3 0.05 2 12 C3/1989 75 888.8 0.05 2 13 C2/1989 50 592.5 0.05 2 Processing and analysis of the test data The NOx emissions at the outlet end of catalytic converter are measured.