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(a) (b) (c) Fig. 2 Structure of new dual-motor independent driving system Fig. 1 Independent driving system configuration of EV In the configuration as shown in Fig. 1(a), the motor and the reduction can be mounted on the automobile frame or body, and then drive the wheels by shaft.
But the motor and the reduction are all the non-sprung mass, which has adverse impact to vehicle dynamic performance.
Parameters of driving system Component Item Parameter Single Motor Power (Rated/Maximum) 15/30 kW Torque(Rated/Maximum) 60/130 Nm Speed/(Rated/Maximum) 2550/7500 rpm Reducer Reduction ratio 7.013 Transmission efficiency 0.93 Battery Lithium-ion battery 288V/90AH CAN-based distributed control Technology of the Dual-motor Independent Driving system One of the key technologies of independent driving system is to solve the real-time and reliability problems of the distributed control system [3].
The communication protocol of the CAN network Node name Message name Refresh rate/ms Data Definition Vehicle control unit(VCU) VCUC0 10 Cooperative Control VCUC1 50 control and manage Left motor controller(LMC) MCL1 10 Left motor state MCL2 50 Left motor state Right motor controller(RMC) MCR1 10 Right motor state MCR2 50 Right motor state Battery management system(BMS) BMS1 50 Battery state BMS2 100 Battery state Scheduling policy optimization and real-time analysis of CAN system.
For information in the CAN system, the real-time judgment formula using RM algorithm is (1) Where, is the maximum response time of message , and is the deadline of the message , and is the software processing jitter time of the message , and is the maximum waiting time, and is the online transmission time, and is the maximum blocking time, and is error handling time, and is the data length of message , and is online transmission time of bit .

The measured data apparently show that the adsorbed layer is formed with increasing pressure.
The kinetics of metal ions reduction using BOF sludge under different initial pH values revealed that all metal ions reduction is improved at high pH values.
Pseudo-first order model Pseudo-second order model Constant k1 qteor qexp R2 k2 qteor qexp R2 Units [min] [mg.g-1] [mg.g-1] [--] [min] [mg.g-1] [mg.g-1] [--] Ni 2,00 1,18 3,96 0,514 4,20 4,03 3,96 0,999 Mn 1,70 1,02 1,72 0,962 4,30 1,78 1,72 0,998 Co 2,40 5,85 7,95 0,986 1,00 8,32 7,95 0,998 The analysis of experimental data of adsorption process showed that according to the correlation coefficient of Ni(II) and Mn(II), the Langmuir model appears to be suitable for describing the adsorption process.
[8] EN 12457-4:2002 Characterization of Waste-Leaching-Compliance Test for Leaching of Granular Waste Materials and Sludges-Part 4: One Stage Batch Test at a Liquid to Solid Ratio of 10 l/kg for Materials with Particle Size below 10 mm (without or with Size Reduction), BSI, (2002)

Both are prepared from coconut shells by thermal reduction method and doping process employing wet mixing.
Experimental rGO was prepared from coconut shell charcoal powder using thermal reduction method.
However, in the insertion process of Na into rGO might not form a new phase as reflected by the XRD data (Fig.1).
This phenomenon might be supported by XRD data, which shows the broad feature of the peak indicating a smaller grain size.
Abbasi, Synthesis route of reduced graphene oxide via thermal reduction of chemically exfoliated graphene oxide, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 204 (2018) 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.10.020

Since most countries set the lateral reduction factor of two-lane driveway to 1.0, i.e. without considering the reduction of lanes, so the sample bridge is loaded in two-lane driveway in lateral section.
It can be seen from the data in Figure 2 that: the effect size of shearing force combination according to the norm of Europe is the largest, and it is smaller for America.
It can be seen from the data in Figure 4 that: the effect size of shearing force combination according to the European norm and British norm is the largest, and it is smaller for American norm.
It can be seen from the data in Figure 6 that: the effect size of shearing force combination according to the norm of Europe is the largest, and the effect size of shearing force combination of American norm is the smallest.
It can be seen from the data in Figure 8 that: the effect size of shearing force combination according to the European norm and British norm is the largest, and it is smaller for American norm.

Individual components of the model are constructed based on real vehicle data and mathematical dynamic model equations.
The relation for motor torque (Tm), drive shaft torque (Tdr), and motor angular acceleration (ώm) is given as (1) The torque of drive axle (Taxle) is amplified by the differential gear ratio (Gdf) with slight reduction due to the inertia as (2) Furthermore, the vehicle drive acceleration is dependent, based on the 2nd law of Newton, on the motor angular acceleration, the wheel radius (Rw), power transmission efficiency (κ), and the gear ratios as (3) From the equation (1), (2), and (3), the final wheel torque (Tw) is obtained as: (4) Using (1)-(4), the vehicle
For the high precision design in simulations and analyses, the SimPowerSystem / SimDriveline model was configured with real vehicle calibration data.

The main thermodynamic functions were calculated from the data of gas chromatographic analysis.
The obtained data indicate a decrease in the total content of macro and microelements and a decrease in the resistance of wood species to formaldehyde in the series birch → oak → pine → larch.
The amount of water sorption on studied sorbents, obtained experimentally and using equation TOSM (Kind = 453 K) Sorbent Adsorption, mmol/ g experimental data data calculated from the equation TOSM К95 2,34±0,6 2,22±0,7 М95 2,23±0,7 2,11±0,9 М45К20 2,14±0,8 1,95±0,7 The coefficient of internal diffusion of water molecules is determined by the Znamensky equation , where F is the degree of filling of the sorbent tank, t is the time to reach the degree of filling of the sorbent tank, r is the radius of the grain.
The data obtained are presented in table 4. [8] Table 4.
Therefore, based on the analysis of the data obtained and presented in Chapter 4, a technological solution has been developed to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in the environment.

These design characteristics, including the data related to various mechanical properties of PCM strength, are determined by statistical processing of the experimental data.
When the fragment is separated along non-parallel planes (most often, this is a tear), tensile failure is added to shear failure and interpretation of the experimental data in this case is not clear.
Diagram for determination of shearing strength Experimental data show that PCM shearing strength along the grain t0,90 exceeds the strength across the grain t90,0 [25, 26] several times.
Consequently, the proposed multi-purpose specimen and reconfigurable equipment allow to provide the data for studying anisotropy of PCM shearing strength in mechanical joints of parts at minimal cost. 1 Fig. 4.
Based on the resulting data, the following dependence is found , (3) where – volume content of stopper fibers.

On account of the presence of a large number of qualitative analysis, five-point Likert scale is a measure appropriate to collect and analyze Quantitative data.
Data standardization.
By formula (2), we can do standardized transformation and get standardized data.
Similarity coefficient among the samples is calculated based on standardized data, and then the fuzzy similar matrixis obtained.
(5) whenis a finite data set.

A standard procedure was used for data reduction including geometric corrections, radial averaging, flat field and dark field corrections, absorption and Compton scattering corrections.
The Bragg peaks in the diffraction patterns of crystalline samples were identified and indexed using the JCPDS data base [4,5].
Conventional data reductions were applied for absorption, incoherent and multiple scattering.
The SANS raw data were reduced to absolute scattering probabilities IQ= ∂SQ/∂W using standard software in the HFIR Wavemetrics Igor package [7].
Data were placed on the absolute scale by the ratio of the area detector counting rate to the beam-monitor counting rate in the empty-beam transmission measurement.

These parameters, extracted from in situ data, are then used to calibrate a model.
The time is synchronized by a GPS antenna, located on the terrace and connected to an ADSL line for the recovery of data.
Time data considered here are extracted of the November 16, 2008 event (magnitude Richter 2.5), the epicenter of which being situated away from Lourdes.
An exponential window is applied to the time data to reduce computational poles without influence of the damping estimates.
Then, thanks to the instrumentation of Ophite tower, we collect experimental data which enable us to recalibrate our models by identification.