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Considering trees' mechanical properties, using structure optimization techniques enhances trees' geometrical arrangement [3].
This will also address the fact that static load and different branching angles will affect the Volume of failed material in branches and the tree-shaped structure stem. 2.
The material properties were that of ASTM A36 hot-rolled steel.
Various factors, such as external moment, subdivision element angle (θ), and failure volume (Vdj) at a junction (connecting stem and branches), determine whether the structure will buckle or fail at the connecting joint.
However, many unexplored areas, such as multilayer multi-material systems, high-fidelity modeling methodologies, and incorporating nonlinear material properties, need more investigation.

This paper adopts numerical simulation and combination with experiments, analyzes the factors which affect the cold extrusion of vehicle gear sleeve with spline.
The main factors affected P is the semi–cone angle α of die.
It would get refined grains; consequently the mechanical property of the product would be improved.
It indicates that the mechanical property of the forged part is better than the machining made to the vehicle gear sleeve with spline.
The wear resistant property of the vehicle gear sleeve with spline was greatly improved.

In addition, the covering flux does not float on the surface after being added in; in particular, in the process of mechanical agitation, it is easy to get inside the melt to form defects like inclusion.
The table 2 below presents the physical properties of the oxide formed by the added RE elements in the experiment of the research.
Factors affecting the yields of Y and MM elements are the oxidation of elements and their consumption due to the reaction with covering flux; the low yield of Zr may be due to the following two points: 1.
Yu: Study on the Microstructure, Properties and Deformation Techniques of Rare Earth Wrought Magnesium Alloys (A Dissertation Submitted for Ph.
Su: Microtructure, Mechanical Properties and Semi-Solid Microstructure Evolution of Mg-RE Alloy (A Dissertation Submitted for Ph.

Among recently developed techniques, ultrasound mixing efficiency was stated as one of the most important factors affecting the yield of the transesterification [3].
They used ultrasound after heating the oil and premixing with a mechanical stirrer.
The dark brown oil color proves that the properties of oil have changed after its repeated used for frying (the image is not shown).
Properties and composition of waste cooking oil Properties Composition Acid value (mg KOH/g) 0.97 Free fatty acid (% as palmitic) 0.44 Moisture content (%) 0.12 Saponification value (mg KOH/g) 201 Fatty acid composition (%) C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C16:1 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0 Others 0.3 1.0 38.5 0.2 4.1 44.6 10.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 Effect of Methanol to Oil Molar Ratio on Percentage Conversion.
Catalyst amount is an important parameter that can affect the percentage conversion greatly.

Carbon, aramid and glass fibers are inherently superior to conventional textile fibers in terms of mechanical properties as well as other chemical characteristics.
As a result of experiments, it was concluded that the hybridized materials has shown better performance than individual reinforced filament yarns in terms of mechanical properties.
Introduction Carbon (CF), aramid(AF) and glass fibers(GF) are inherently superior to conventional textile fibres in terms of mechanical properties as well as other chemical characteristics.
This would affect seriously with hybrid yarns containing CF.
Even filament distribution over yarn cross section is a very important factor to bear tensile loads.

Lattice structures are characterized by their high strength-to-weight ratio and their ability to be tailored to specific mechanical and thermal properties.
The aluminum alloy studied is AlSi10Mg, which has moderate mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and weldability.
However, as the fatigue properties of AlSi10Mg may not be sufficient, both AlSi10Mg and Scalmalloy® will be studied.
Fatigue properties of AlSi10Mg produced by Additive Layer Manufacturing.
Peterson’s stress concentration factors.

The viscosity after reaction decreased ~6 times and cold flow properties were significantly improved.
Cold flow properties are relatively close to pure FAME obtained from RO and methanol in transesterification reaction [8].
Saeed, Investigation of the factors affecting the progress of base-catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil to biodiesel FAME, Fuel Process.
Apseniece, Properties of rapeseed oil fatty acid alkyl esters derived from different alcohols, Fuel 137 (2014) 28-35
Main production pathways and effects on fuel properties and engine performance: A critical review, Renew.

Multiple damage modes can affect a region concurrently and their interactions are accounted for.
These models had uniform material properties and artificial stress concentrator that encourage damage initiation at a pre-defined location was not required.
Fig. 2: Force response of simple tensile test case with varying elemental aspect ratio using the Abaqus default characteristic length calculation An algorithm was proposed to calculate the characteristic length, accounting for the aforementioned factors.
These very soft elements can potentially undergo very large and unrealistic deformations and adversely affecting the stability of the finite element process.
Concluding remarks Three different issues affecting the implementation of a high fidelity material damage model for the simulation of composite structures were discussed.

The resin pocket acts as a crack-like region, and can form the site of the initiation of the delamination under mechanical loads.
Dasgupta et al. [3] showed that strain concentrations near an embedded optical fiber are highly dependent on the thickness and material properties of the coating.
This local undulation will not only perturb the values of the field variables being measured, but may also affect the integrity of the host.
The material properties of the unidirectional graphite/epoxy lamina are listed in Table 1.
A 2-D plane strain element PLANE42 with orthortropical material property is adopted in this analysis.

Cohesive sediment deposition for mutation affects estuary channel transport and brings great challenges to dredging project.
Basic physical and mechanical equations.
Experiment verification of consolidation coefficient trend Experimental soil properties.
The soil basic physical properties are listed in Table 1, and the results of particle analysis test are shown in Table 2.
Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the financial support has been provided by “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” (2009B13514) and Doctoral Fund of Education Ministry “Reaearch of high moisture content and heavy metals by curing mechanical properties” (2010 009411 0002).