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Zr was added for grain refinement.
Microstructure of the as-cast GSK-1 alloy, shown in Fig. 1(a), is mainly composed of magnesium matrix phases (α-Mg) and a lot of dendritic eutectic compounds in grain boundaries.
There are also a lot of dendritic eutectic compounds in grain boundaries.
It can be seen that the number of eutectic compounds in GSK-3 alloy is less than that in GSK-1 and GSK-2 alloys, which is reasonably ascribed to the decrease of RE contents, especially Sm content.
It is obvious that microstructures of both GSK-1 and GSK-2 alloys after 525℃×48h solution treatment, shown in Fig. 1(d) and 1(e), are mainly comprised of magnesium matrix phases and residual eutectic compounds in grain boundaries.

Especially, SiCf/SiC composite shows low activation on account of its low atomic number and good resistance to high-energy neutron irradiation.
Meanwhile, in the comparison of A4Y6-1800 (Fig. 3 [a]) and A6Y4-1800 (Fig. 3 [b]), it revealed that misty phases were observed around SiC grains at the A4Y6-1800.
It leads to deterioration of flexural strength property in spite of the large grains compare with A6Y4-1800.
Feather more, it revealed that misty phases were observed around SiC grains at the A4Y6-1800.
It leads to deterioration of flexural strength property in spite of the large grains compare with the A6Y4-1800.

Ishikawa diagram summarizing factors affecting the LFC quality Fig. 2: Pattern dimensions in 3-D In this experiment silica sands with the grain size of 16-30, 40-60 and 60-100 were used for mould making.
Independent variables and their levels Independent Variables Symbol Levels -1 0 1 Pouring temperature A (°C) 700 720 740 Sand grain size B (AFS) 30 60 90 Results and discussion Table 3 shows the results of porosity measurements conducted on the thinnest section of the produced castings.
It should be noted that based on the selected variables, the number of casting experiments was calculated to be four plus another two more trials which are considered as the centre points for each variables.
Compared between the two sand grain sizes, higher porosity percentages were obtained with coarser sand size (AFS 30) than the finer one (AFS 90).
The change in the porosity is found not significantly different when casted using both sand grain sizes at high pouring temperature.

The leather making process has number of steps and generates significant quantities of liquid and solid wastes.
The grain distension was determined according to the UNI EN ISO 3379 method by using a lastometer Pegasil Model EL-51E.
Blanck HYD 10% Blanck HYD 20% UNI 10594 guidelines Tearing load (N) ISO 3377 method 175.8 148.7 90.6 87.6 30÷80a Grain distension (mm) UNI ISO 3379 method 9.2 8.6 10.2 9.3 ≥ 7 a depending on use Table 4.
Crust leather Technical properties Blanck HYD 10% Blanck HYD 20% Color homogeneity 4 4 3 4 Color yield 3 5 2 5 Roundness 4 5 3 4 Fullness 4 4/5 3 4 Hand 4 5 4 4/5 Grain quality 5 5 3 4 Softness 4/5 4 4 3/4 Conclusions The present study assess the feasibility of the use, in the tanning phase, of the collagen hydrolizate obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the fleshings, one of the most important byproduct of the leather compartment.
The final leathers show similar properties in terms of hydrothermal stability, grain distension and tearing load respect to conventionally tanned hides.

Ag-added Y123 superconductor showed the optimum intergranular coupling that the grain size is found to increase with Ag doping until the maximum value then decrease.
Ag is incorporated in the intergrain regions providing a better grain coupling.
The new formula of this group are Y5-6-11, Y7-9-16, Y358, Y5-8-13, Y7-11-18, Y156, Y3-8-11, and Y13-20-23, where the numbers indicate Y, Ba, and Cu atoms respectively [20, 21].
Cardwell, Optimum processing conditions for the fabrication of large, single grain Ag-doped YBCO bulk superconductors, J.
Wang, Roles of silver doping on joins and grain boundaries of melt-textured YBCO superconductor, Supercond.

There are cutting tools with changeable cutting inserts with fine-grained or to ultrafine grain substrate.
Carbide grain size is from 0.3 to 0.5 microns.
Subsequently are quickly cooled in water or air, to prevent the precipitation of the carbides at the grain boundaries.
Sign of good machinability is fine-grained austenite with plenty of finely distributed carbides.
During this phase of experiment were turned samples no. 5, 6, 7, 8 from the overall number of 10 pieces.

When the Ti atomic number was 0.62, the hardness of CrTiN composite films reaches the maximum, about 35GPa.
It is found that adding Ti element affected its microstructure to become smaller in grain size and smoother.
CrTiN composite coatings grow in island mode, and the grain size is in the range of tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers.

Roadbed filling is easy to produce compressive deformation due to water, the pore among the filling grains cannot be eliminated completely by any measure in the construction.
On the side of big stake number, the conventional natural gravels are enclosed centralizedly and backfilled from the foundation pit of abutment to the original ground and on the cover of culvert bottom.
In fact, according to engineering quantity, the abutment backfill of small stake number can be finished in one day.
The compactness of two points in every compaction layer is detected during the conventional layered backfill of abutment on the side of big stake number.
On the side of big stake number, the rebound modulus of subgrade both for 10 days and 30 days is 134 Mpa, while on the side of small stake number, that for 10 days and 30 days is 152Mpa and 175Mpa respectively.

Hence a number of researches on grinding temperature have been reported [1-6].
The grain size is #80.
Hence, the workpiece is wide as compared with the mean grain diameter, but is not so wide that the grinding is not regarded as in steady state.
The number of tips of abrasives per unit volume C is set at 92.8 mm-3.
As is expected from Fig. 3, energy dissipation is localized in a small number of areas.

Important parameters identified that influence the surface quality generated during lapping process fro a given workmaterial with given abrasive (material and grain size) are the lapping load, the lapping speed and the abrasive, concentration [1,2].
Compared to the single-factor by single-factor approach, Taguchi method can extract information more precision and more efficiently, and the number of experiments are be conducted decrease rapidly.
Taguchi method takes Average value ( R ) and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) as evaluating indicator for optimum design and analysis: ( )irii r j ij i RRR rr R R +++== ∑= L21 1 1 (1) i is for the tested number, r for the number of tested point (r=9).
Syj is sum of all trial results involving parameter k level j; n is the total number of trial runs (n=9).
Three important parameters for surface finish lapping load, abrasive concentration, and lapping speed for given abrasive (and its grain size) are investigated.