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The C-C bonds mainly exist as sp2 and sp3 bonds, and the hybridized carbon composed by sp2 and sp3 bonds has very high hardness, as the same time the C-Cr compounds generally have higher hardness than N-Cr compounds.
Thus the hybridized carbon composed by sp2 and sp3 bonds and C-Cr compounds can form much microcrystal and cluster in the coatings, and these hard particles have function as dispersion strengthening.
This is because, on the one hand, the hybridized carbon composed by sp2 and sp3 bonds and C-Cr compounds has high hardness, on the other hand, fine periodicity thickness(see,Fig.2 (c)) can also increase the hardness.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1997,17(15-16):1929-1932
The Influence of Metal Alloyed on the Structure and Wear Properties of CrN Coatings[J].

Aluminization has been proven to be an effective method for increasing the corrosion resistance of Ni and Co-based superalloys and iron alloys at high temperature.
The formation of an α-Al203 layer improves the behavior of these alloys under steam conditions [6, 8].
Other effective method for improving the oxidation resistance of this type of iron alloys is the addition of small amounts of Si to steel.
Hoyer, W, Structural properties of liquid Fe-Si alloys.
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2002. 306(1): p. 90-98

Introduction At present, polymer composite materials (PCM) are the most popular materials used in engineering; they not only substitute metals and alloys, but also increase the reliability and durability of machine parts operating under extreme conditions.
Plasma-chemical treatment (PCT) of carbon materials in the environment of organofluorine compounds is conducted to obtain fluoropolymer coatings several tens of nanometers thick on the surface of carbon fibers [13].
The formation of salts of carboxylic acids and compounds with epoxy groups on the surface of the samples after friction indicates the formation of a transfer frictional film.
These compounds act as inhibitors of oxidative processes and improve the wear resistance of PCM, as described in a number of works [18, 19].
Extended fluoroorganic compounds are registered on the surface of "Belum".

This work aims at identifying the cause of failure of a helical gear [1, 7] in wind turbine in order to prevent or minimize the reoccurrence of similar failures in the future.
Since the heat treatment can greatly alter the mechanical and physical properties of metals and alloys, therefore it is the most important and widely used manufacturing processes.
This treatment allows producing a modified surface layer, consisting of an outer compound layer and an inner diffusion layer.
Nitriding is often applied to low-alloyed steels to “harden” the steel and to improve corrosion resistance.
This process provides several advantages for the alloys treated, such as high surface hardness, wear resistance, anti-galling, corrosion resistance.

Nor tertiary compounds were detected at the In2O3/SnO2 interface, neither In or Sn in metallic state. 1.
In terms of atomic structure, the interface may be: (1) sharp and abrupt or (2) it may be washed out by interdiffusion and/or formation of new chemical compounds.
No tertiary compounds and metallic In/Sn species were detected at the In2O3/SnO2 interface.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 371. 157-159 (2004)
Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, Vol. 9, (1976) [16].

The Nd2Fe14B intermetallic compounds have complex crystal structures, and sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials microstructures are shown in Fig. 1.
The aim of this paper is to find a program including a reasonable combination of grinding parameters, lower surface roughness, surface morphology and surface wear resistance improvements, material removal rate increase MRR.
Acknowledgements This research project is very grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation “Basic research about ultrasonic honing critical chatter based on the theory of nonlinear dynamic systems” (No.: 50975265), Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation project "Ultrasonic Light finishing the study of rare earth alloy technology "(No.: 2007011071), and Technological innovation and entrepreneurship in Taiyuan City, University special project “Application of ultrasonic technology in the rare earth alloy processing ” (No.: 08122,040).
Journal of Applied Physics, 1983, Vol.55(6), p. 2083-2087
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1998, Vol.188(1-2), p. 125-137

The NQR signals of urea, urotropine and sodium nitrite were detected by experiment at room temperature, and the signal spectra of the nitrogenous compounds with different weights were obtained.
Bodnya, Russian Physics Journal. 48 (2005), p. 978
Canet, Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 188 (2007), p. 275
Garroway, Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 151(2001), p. 228
Cerioni, Journal of Magnetic Resonance.194 (2008), p. 222

The present study aimed at first time investigation of synthesis and photoluminescence properties of double layer long ZnO NRs synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route.
For this aim, double layer growth of long-long (LL), long-short (LS) and short-short (SS) ZnO NRs were considered.
Summers, Low-temperature hydrothermally grown 100 μm vertically well-aligned ultralong and ultradense ZnO nanorod arrays with improved PL property, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 702 (2017) 700-709
Loh, Investigation of morphology and photoluminescence of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods on substrates pre-coated with ZnO nanoparticles, Journal of Crystal Growth 311 (2009) 1278-1284
Feng, ZnO hierarchical structures synthesized via hydrothermal method and their photoluminescence properties, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 489 (2010) 614–619

In 1952 the discovery of the semiconducting behaviour of III-V compounds introduced a new range of materials.
Welker in Germany showed that the III-V compounds are semiconductors.
These were not an entirely new class of compounds, for example the crystal structure of indium antimonide had been determined 25 years previously, but it was only when they were made of moderate purity that their semiconducting behaviour could be seen.
In 1955 injection electroluminescence was shown in a number of III-V compounds and mixed crystals with metal point contacts.
The silver-based alloyed electrodes did not give injection electroluminescence.

Furthermore, they have also reported that the studies on the mechanisms of the growth of Ag-Al intermetallic compounds and their impact on the bonding failures are limited. [1] This thesis aims to study the IMC growth rate of silver-aluminum wire bonds, by augmenting the application of ultrasonic (US) energy levels during wire bonding.
The application of the ultrasonic energy is the main proponent in promoting diffusion and forming the intermetallic compounds during wire bonding.
The rate at which various IMCs (intermetallic compounds) form along the interface involves kinetics.
All these three wires form different binary intermetallic compounds with Aluminum, all of which occurs, and behaves differently.
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology (2015), No. 6.