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Online since: February 2012
Authors: Ya Sheng Wo
In order to avoid the weighing of the subjective in computational process, this paper introduces a Projection Pursuit model to the real estate investment decision-making to achieve the dimensionality reduction process of multi-index high-dimensional data.
Model based on PP Proposed by Friedman and Tukey in 1974, Projection Pursuit is used to analyze high-dimensional data, in particular the non-normal nonlinear analysis of high dimensional data as a statistical method [4,5].
Projection Pursuit method can overcome the success of high-dimensional data "dimension curse" brought about by serious difficulties, it is because of its analysis of the data in the low-dimensional subspace conducted for 1 to 3-dimensional projection space data points is dense enough, and sufficient data in the projection space can be found in the structure or characteristics.
Projection target function Projection Pursuit Method is integrated p-dimensional data into a for the projection of one-dimensional projection of the direction of the value of : (2) Here: —unit length vector.
Table 1 lists seven original data values in the six programs: Table 1: The real estate investment program of the index value Program Expectations of net present value index Failure rate of investment The risk of loss of value (million) The risk of profit value(million) Expectations of net present value(million) Financial net present value(million) Economic net present value(million) A 3.80% 3.30% 0.0910 0.0920 0.0830 0.0850 0.0790 B 3.75% 3.20% 0.0715 0.0910 0.0820 0.0900 0.0890 C 4.67% 2.50% 0.0920 0.0780 0.0950 0.0860 0.0950 D 2.32% 2.70% 0.0700 0.0800 0.0960 0.0900 0.0980 E 2.21% 2.30% 0.0800 0.0800 0.0850 0.0830 0.0890 F 2.70% 3.50% 0.1000 0.0850 0.0840 0.0800 0.0700 The normalized matrix can be obtained: = Selected the initial parent population size, crossover probability , mutation probability ,,to accelerate the cycle 20 times, reached the maximum indicator function value of 0.4213, the best projection direction: And then substituting into formula (2), you can get the comprehensive
Model based on PP Proposed by Friedman and Tukey in 1974, Projection Pursuit is used to analyze high-dimensional data, in particular the non-normal nonlinear analysis of high dimensional data as a statistical method [4,5].
Projection Pursuit method can overcome the success of high-dimensional data "dimension curse" brought about by serious difficulties, it is because of its analysis of the data in the low-dimensional subspace conducted for 1 to 3-dimensional projection space data points is dense enough, and sufficient data in the projection space can be found in the structure or characteristics.
Projection target function Projection Pursuit Method is integrated p-dimensional data into a for the projection of one-dimensional projection of the direction of the value of : (2) Here: —unit length vector.
Table 1 lists seven original data values in the six programs: Table 1: The real estate investment program of the index value Program Expectations of net present value index Failure rate of investment The risk of loss of value (million) The risk of profit value(million) Expectations of net present value(million) Financial net present value(million) Economic net present value(million) A 3.80% 3.30% 0.0910 0.0920 0.0830 0.0850 0.0790 B 3.75% 3.20% 0.0715 0.0910 0.0820 0.0900 0.0890 C 4.67% 2.50% 0.0920 0.0780 0.0950 0.0860 0.0950 D 2.32% 2.70% 0.0700 0.0800 0.0960 0.0900 0.0980 E 2.21% 2.30% 0.0800 0.0800 0.0850 0.0830 0.0890 F 2.70% 3.50% 0.1000 0.0850 0.0840 0.0800 0.0700 The normalized matrix can be obtained: = Selected the initial parent population size, crossover probability , mutation probability ,,to accelerate the cycle 20 times, reached the maximum indicator function value of 0.4213, the best projection direction: And then substituting into formula (2), you can get the comprehensive
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Qing Liang Zeng, Zheng Zhong Gao, Shi Guang Li, Xing Zheng Bai
In addition ,the system operation data can be saved in the extended RAM.
In addition, it also supports the DMA data transmission.
The signal and STM microprocessor interface are controlled by one serial data line, read, write and chip selection.
Its main program module consists of initialization module, polarization energy data acquisition module, timing data acquisition, PID function operation module, LCD display drive module and protection function module.
The operation data on the hour in one day are shown in tableⅠand table Ⅱ.
In addition, it also supports the DMA data transmission.
The signal and STM microprocessor interface are controlled by one serial data line, read, write and chip selection.
Its main program module consists of initialization module, polarization energy data acquisition module, timing data acquisition, PID function operation module, LCD display drive module and protection function module.
The operation data on the hour in one day are shown in tableⅠand table Ⅱ.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Harry E. Coules, David J. Smith, Karim H.A. Serasli
By finding stress states which are consistent both with any existing experimental measurements and with elasticity theory, residual stress fields can often be reconstructed from incomplete measurement data.
Often, there is a fundamental discrepancy between the requirement for accurate residual stress data, and the ability of measurement specialists to acquire it at reasonable cost.
In this example, reconstruction of a complex three-dimensional stress field is demonstrated using synthetic measurement data taken from a finite element model of the NeT TG1 weld benchmark specimen [17].
Therefore, in addition to the reconstruction described here, a parametric study of the effects of various types of error and incompleteness in the ‘measurement’ data was carried out.
Concluding Remarks Reconstruction of residual stress fields from limited amounts of measurement data can be carried out by using equilibrium and boundary conditions to reduce the number of viable solutions which are compatible with the measured data.
Often, there is a fundamental discrepancy between the requirement for accurate residual stress data, and the ability of measurement specialists to acquire it at reasonable cost.
In this example, reconstruction of a complex three-dimensional stress field is demonstrated using synthetic measurement data taken from a finite element model of the NeT TG1 weld benchmark specimen [17].
Therefore, in addition to the reconstruction described here, a parametric study of the effects of various types of error and incompleteness in the ‘measurement’ data was carried out.
Concluding Remarks Reconstruction of residual stress fields from limited amounts of measurement data can be carried out by using equilibrium and boundary conditions to reduce the number of viable solutions which are compatible with the measured data.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Zi Heng Lu, Xiang Jun Zhou, Tao Li, Chun Qi Lu
The model is tested upon the meteorological data of Datong City, Shanxi Province.
Summary According to the profitable data of every kind of photovoltaic cells on the different surfaces, it can be concluded that polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells works better in the good condition of radiation, while film photovoltaic cell works better in the relatively lower radiation condition.
In the long term, the design of solar apartments can not only create vast economic benefits, but also make great devotion to the energy conservation and emission reduction.
Summary According to the profitable data of every kind of photovoltaic cells on the different surfaces, it can be concluded that polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells works better in the good condition of radiation, while film photovoltaic cell works better in the relatively lower radiation condition.
In the long term, the design of solar apartments can not only create vast economic benefits, but also make great devotion to the energy conservation and emission reduction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Peng Hui Zhang, Fang Zhou An, Shuo Xu
By detailed core observation and analysis of logging data characteristics, we can identify two main types of barrier and interlayer in Sha-4 Formation, including muddy barrier and interlayer and gray interlayer.
The Sha-4 Formation has obvious cyclicity in the study area, with the mudstone color top-down gradually from purple ,red brown to gray, dark gray, indicating that depositional environment changes from oxidation to reduction and transgressive type of sedimentary sequences.
By carrying out coring wells core observation and porosity and permeability analysis on Sha-4 Formation of W81 Block, barrier and interlayer of the study area is divided into two categories combining with data logging response characteristics: muddy barrier and interlayer, and gray interlayer.
The Sha-4 Formation has obvious cyclicity in the study area, with the mudstone color top-down gradually from purple ,red brown to gray, dark gray, indicating that depositional environment changes from oxidation to reduction and transgressive type of sedimentary sequences.
By carrying out coring wells core observation and porosity and permeability analysis on Sha-4 Formation of W81 Block, barrier and interlayer of the study area is divided into two categories combining with data logging response characteristics: muddy barrier and interlayer, and gray interlayer.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yang Xu, Yi Ze Sun, Ying Ying Pei, Wei Ping Ding, Da Yong Gao
Then, the numerical simulation was performed and the theoretical results were compared with the experimental data in two dialysis modes under various operating conditions, open-loop dialysis mode (OLM) and closed-loop dialysis mode (CLM).Our results show that the theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.
The experimental data, the operating conditions and the system parameters of OLM (Fig.1 A) were from the literature [8].
The total transmembrane mass transfer coefficient kA for bilirubin was 550 ml/min, which was obtained by fitting the experimental data.
Eiam‐Ong, Effective Bilirubin Reduction by Single‐Pass Albumin Dialysis in Liver Failure, Artificial organs, 33 (2009) 648-653
The experimental data, the operating conditions and the system parameters of OLM (Fig.1 A) were from the literature [8].
The total transmembrane mass transfer coefficient kA for bilirubin was 550 ml/min, which was obtained by fitting the experimental data.
Eiam‐Ong, Effective Bilirubin Reduction by Single‐Pass Albumin Dialysis in Liver Failure, Artificial organs, 33 (2009) 648-653
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Dmitriy Tseytin, Julia Bykova, Ekaterina Bazhenova, Daria Bryus
Architectural and constructional decisions were also substantiated in the work and special attention was put on the possibility of reaching target values of energy-efficiency criteria by using different ways of energy consumption reduction.
Such great interest can be explained by many factors, but the main ones are economical expediency of energy efficient construction and reduction of negative impact on the environment during the construction and maintenance of those buildings [16, 17].
In default of data about solar insolation values in Gaziantep, calculations were made for Russian city Sochi, where climate conditions are almost the same.
All solutions of energy saving and heat losses reduction given above let us achieve value of specific annual heat demand, whose calculation is given below. 1.
Heat demand of the building during heating period, MJ (Eq.11): (11) — coefficient of heat inputs reduction because of thermal inertia in enclosure structures (set equals to 0.8); — coefficient of heat supply automatic control efficiency (set equals to 0.95); — coefficient taking into account extra heat consumption of heating system (set equals to 1.11).
Such great interest can be explained by many factors, but the main ones are economical expediency of energy efficient construction and reduction of negative impact on the environment during the construction and maintenance of those buildings [16, 17].
In default of data about solar insolation values in Gaziantep, calculations were made for Russian city Sochi, where climate conditions are almost the same.
All solutions of energy saving and heat losses reduction given above let us achieve value of specific annual heat demand, whose calculation is given below. 1.
Heat demand of the building during heating period, MJ (Eq.11): (11) — coefficient of heat inputs reduction because of thermal inertia in enclosure structures (set equals to 0.8); — coefficient of heat supply automatic control efficiency (set equals to 0.95); — coefficient taking into account extra heat consumption of heating system (set equals to 1.11).
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Maja Kiba-Janiak
Due to the lack of data this analysis is limited to a certain extent.
The data related to the period from 2009 to 2012.
The second stage consists of statistical data collection.
Due to a lack of statistical data in relation to capital cities the total number of criteria has been limited (especially in the economic part). 11 criteria (C2, C3 and from C5 to C13) have been formulated as whole units, while 2 criteria include sub-criteria (C1 consists of: C1.1.
Despite the fact that the provided analysis is incomplete due to difficulties in collecting data, the results presented in the paper show some outranking relations between studied cities.
The data related to the period from 2009 to 2012.
The second stage consists of statistical data collection.
Due to a lack of statistical data in relation to capital cities the total number of criteria has been limited (especially in the economic part). 11 criteria (C2, C3 and from C5 to C13) have been formulated as whole units, while 2 criteria include sub-criteria (C1 consists of: C1.1.
Despite the fact that the provided analysis is incomplete due to difficulties in collecting data, the results presented in the paper show some outranking relations between studied cities.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Rana Rabnanwaz Ahmed, Syed Muhammad Shahrukh Ali
Figure 2 depicts the design view of Flood-Resistant Material (FRM) data collection performa, which constitutes the database design.
Flood-Resistant Material (FRM) Data Collection Performa 7.
Thereafter, the data will compile in a spreadsheet for the comparative analysis among the materials.
Information in the characteristics section majorly comprise of basic data taken from the supplier, vendor or local quarry.
Regarding affordability, the region can be any province, state or city depending upon the segregation of data size.
Flood-Resistant Material (FRM) Data Collection Performa 7.
Thereafter, the data will compile in a spreadsheet for the comparative analysis among the materials.
Information in the characteristics section majorly comprise of basic data taken from the supplier, vendor or local quarry.
Regarding affordability, the region can be any province, state or city depending upon the segregation of data size.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Dong Li Li, Wen Cai Xu, Ya Bo Fu, Zhen Lu Zhang, Rui Juan Liao
Preparation of nano-modified polypropylene granules,2 hours drying at 80℃, and then modified polypropylene granules prepared was blown into film with a single screw plastic film extruder .
2.3 Property investigation
2.3.1 Mechanical Properties
Izod notched impact strength,Tensile strength at break,tensile elongation at break, and tensile set at 100% elongation strength was measured according to American Standard ASTM D412.
2.3.2 Flame retardant properties
FTT2000 Cone calorimeter(Fire Testing Technology Ltd)combustion test using PL Britain's dynamic cone calorimeter combustion performance tests, test standards:ISO 5660-1 sample will be placed level with 35Kw/m2 thermal radiation power on the sample system research. specimen data from the cone calorimeter proprietary software, with ORIGIN8.0 software for data analysis and processing.
3 Results and discussion
3.1 heat release rate HRR
After the polymer in the combustion test by radiant heat, mainly endothermic phase itself, the initial
EHC test data plotted against time, the fluctuation pattern of peak obtained is relatively large.
The lower curve data, the better flame retardancy. 3.3 The total heat release THR As can be seen from the figure3,Both combustion test data plotted against time curve, the trend is basically the same as its graphics, graphic outline will not have much of a change,before the 250s, the total heat release of the modified is consistent with unmodified polypropylene substantially,then the THR of modified polypropylene is higher than the unmodified polypropylene.The material temperature is gradually increased when Polypropylene is heated.
It indicates that in a real fire, the polymers decomposing by depolymerization would contribute greater in fire development than those with a random pyrolysis Process Physical description of melting model . 3.5 specific extinction area SEA SEA is a parameter representing the ability of smoke generation when burning material.The SEA data curve graph of various materials have a common characteristic: test data size large differences in volatility, graphic curve shows a greater Spike-shaped twists and turns.wilkie[27-29] et al.considered that after gasification and degradation of the polymer surface,the preferable thermal stability SiO2 layer which is enriched on the surface of the molten material plays barrier effect on further combustion of Composites during heating or combustion; SiO2 deposited on the polymer surface played a role in oxygen and heat barrier.The properties of PTFE-SiO2 flame retardant system stem from the formation of carbon-silicon barrier layer on the surface of
,Morgan,A.B.A study of the flammability reduction mechanism of Polystyrene-layered silicate nanocomposite:layered silicate reinforced carbonaceous char.polymer for Advanced Technology.2006,17,263-271
EHC test data plotted against time, the fluctuation pattern of peak obtained is relatively large.
The lower curve data, the better flame retardancy. 3.3 The total heat release THR As can be seen from the figure3,Both combustion test data plotted against time curve, the trend is basically the same as its graphics, graphic outline will not have much of a change,before the 250s, the total heat release of the modified is consistent with unmodified polypropylene substantially,then the THR of modified polypropylene is higher than the unmodified polypropylene.The material temperature is gradually increased when Polypropylene is heated.
It indicates that in a real fire, the polymers decomposing by depolymerization would contribute greater in fire development than those with a random pyrolysis Process Physical description of melting model . 3.5 specific extinction area SEA SEA is a parameter representing the ability of smoke generation when burning material.The SEA data curve graph of various materials have a common characteristic: test data size large differences in volatility, graphic curve shows a greater Spike-shaped twists and turns.wilkie[27-29] et al.considered that after gasification and degradation of the polymer surface,the preferable thermal stability SiO2 layer which is enriched on the surface of the molten material plays barrier effect on further combustion of Composites during heating or combustion; SiO2 deposited on the polymer surface played a role in oxygen and heat barrier.The properties of PTFE-SiO2 flame retardant system stem from the formation of carbon-silicon barrier layer on the surface of
,Morgan,A.B.A study of the flammability reduction mechanism of Polystyrene-layered silicate nanocomposite:layered silicate reinforced carbonaceous char.polymer for Advanced Technology.2006,17,263-271