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Online since: January 2015
Authors: Hai Liang Wang, Lu Jie Wang, Qing Fu Zhou, Wan Ren Wang
Hai-pi interval surface is overlying Quaternary Holocene series plain fill, field area to coarse-grained granite bedrock mainly ,lamprophyre, fine-grained granite veins were interspersed between them.
Fig.1 The upper bench of the blast holes layout Tab.1 The upper bench of blasting parameters Blasthole name Detonator segment Number of the blasthole Blasthole length(m) Blast hole angle(°) Single hole charge (kg) Single segment charge (kg) Charge structure Cut hole Internal hole 1 6 1.0 60 0.6 3.6 Positive continuous External hole 3 6 2.1 73 0.9 5.4 Positive continuous Reliever 7 8 1.7 90 0.6 4.8 Positive continuous 11 11 1.7 90 0.6 6.6 Positive continuous Base hole 11 14 1.7 87 0.6 8.4 Positive continuous Periphery hole 13 21 1.7 87 0.6 12.6 Interval charging Total - 66 - - - 41.4 - Economic and technical index: the excavation area: 13.20m2; cyclical footage: 1.5m; number of boreholes 66; than drilling a few: 5.00 / m2; quantity of explosive : 41.4kg; explosives consumption: 2.09kg / m3.
We plan to continue to use the double wedge cut, adjust the distance between two rows of cut holes, increase the number of reliever, adjust the spacing of periphery hole E by 400mm and thickness of smooth blasting layer W by 500mm.
Fig.2 The upper bench of the blasthole layout Tab.2 The upper bench of blasting parameters Blasthole name Detonator segment Number of the blasthole Blasthole length(m) Blast hole angle(°) Single hole charge (kg) Single segment charge (kg) Charge structure Cut Hole Internal holes 1 6 1.0 66 0.5 3.0 Positive continuous External holes 3 6 2.1 73 0.8 4.8 Positive continuous Reliever 5 4 1.7 90 0.5 2.0 Positive continuous 7 9 1.7 90 0.5 4.5 Positive continuous 11 14 1.7 90 0.5 7.0 Positive continuous Base hole 11 12 1.7 87 0.5 6.0 Positive continuous Periphery hole detonating cord 23 1.7 87 0.5 11.5 Interval charging Total - 74 - - - 38.8 - Economic and technical index: the excavation area: 13.20m2; cyclical footage: 1.5m; number of boreholes 74; than drilling a few: 5.61 / m2; quantity of explosive : 38.8kg; explosives consumption: 1.96kg / m3.
Fig.1 The upper bench of the blast holes layout Tab.1 The upper bench of blasting parameters Blasthole name Detonator segment Number of the blasthole Blasthole length(m) Blast hole angle(°) Single hole charge (kg) Single segment charge (kg) Charge structure Cut hole Internal hole 1 6 1.0 60 0.6 3.6 Positive continuous External hole 3 6 2.1 73 0.9 5.4 Positive continuous Reliever 7 8 1.7 90 0.6 4.8 Positive continuous 11 11 1.7 90 0.6 6.6 Positive continuous Base hole 11 14 1.7 87 0.6 8.4 Positive continuous Periphery hole 13 21 1.7 87 0.6 12.6 Interval charging Total - 66 - - - 41.4 - Economic and technical index: the excavation area: 13.20m2; cyclical footage: 1.5m; number of boreholes 66; than drilling a few: 5.00 / m2; quantity of explosive : 41.4kg; explosives consumption: 2.09kg / m3.
We plan to continue to use the double wedge cut, adjust the distance between two rows of cut holes, increase the number of reliever, adjust the spacing of periphery hole E by 400mm and thickness of smooth blasting layer W by 500mm.
Fig.2 The upper bench of the blasthole layout Tab.2 The upper bench of blasting parameters Blasthole name Detonator segment Number of the blasthole Blasthole length(m) Blast hole angle(°) Single hole charge (kg) Single segment charge (kg) Charge structure Cut Hole Internal holes 1 6 1.0 66 0.5 3.0 Positive continuous External holes 3 6 2.1 73 0.8 4.8 Positive continuous Reliever 5 4 1.7 90 0.5 2.0 Positive continuous 7 9 1.7 90 0.5 4.5 Positive continuous 11 14 1.7 90 0.5 7.0 Positive continuous Base hole 11 12 1.7 87 0.5 6.0 Positive continuous Periphery hole detonating cord 23 1.7 87 0.5 11.5 Interval charging Total - 74 - - - 38.8 - Economic and technical index: the excavation area: 13.20m2; cyclical footage: 1.5m; number of boreholes 74; than drilling a few: 5.61 / m2; quantity of explosive : 38.8kg; explosives consumption: 1.96kg / m3.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hong Wang
One who uses Linux system will have a user name, a user ID number as well as a group name and group ID number.
The document “/etc/passwd” in this system contains information of each user, including login names, encrypted passwords, user number, user group number, user comments, user’s home directory and user’s shell program.
The ACL can control any single user, ACL’s file access control is more detailed, fine-grained.
LSM can not deal with the issue of fine-grained access.
So the paper designs a mechanism for fine-grained access called ACL.
The document “/etc/passwd” in this system contains information of each user, including login names, encrypted passwords, user number, user group number, user comments, user’s home directory and user’s shell program.
The ACL can control any single user, ACL’s file access control is more detailed, fine-grained.
LSM can not deal with the issue of fine-grained access.
So the paper designs a mechanism for fine-grained access called ACL.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Jun Wang, Nai Wang, Ping Wang, Shao Feng Chai
Fig.2 The curve of dynamic shear stress and Nf of undisturbed loess in Xiji
From the curve of dynamic shear stress and the number of cycles to cause failure of the undisturbed loess in Xiji(Fig.2), we can see that under the same moisture content condition, With the increase of the consolidation stress, loess dynamic shear strength also gradually increase.
The figure 3 shows that Pangwan village of Xiji loess cohesion Cd10 is 27 kPa, internal friction angle φ d10 is 16 °when the number of cycles to cause failure is 10.
Although the powder content of loess in Xining is lower, the clay content is higher, but its strength is the lowest because of its high moisture content when the equivalent number of cycles to cause failure is 10.Along with the increase of vibration time, the advantage of high clay content reflected, when the equivalent number of cycles to cause failure is 20, the loess strength of Xining higher than Lanzhou.
The internal friction angle from Northwest to Southeast is decreasing, This is mainly because of the sand grains content of loess in Xining, Lanzhou and Xiji and Xi'an presents the decreasing trend is,respectively,20.2, 13.0, 7.0 and 6.5, result in surface friction and the bite force of soil particles, which produced by interparticle embedded and interlocked function, are decreased.
The internal friction angle from Northwest to Southeast is decreasing, this is mainly because of the sand grains content of loess in Xining, Lanzhou and Xiji and Xi'an presents the decreasing trend.
The figure 3 shows that Pangwan village of Xiji loess cohesion Cd10 is 27 kPa, internal friction angle φ d10 is 16 °when the number of cycles to cause failure is 10.
Although the powder content of loess in Xining is lower, the clay content is higher, but its strength is the lowest because of its high moisture content when the equivalent number of cycles to cause failure is 10.Along with the increase of vibration time, the advantage of high clay content reflected, when the equivalent number of cycles to cause failure is 20, the loess strength of Xining higher than Lanzhou.
The internal friction angle from Northwest to Southeast is decreasing, This is mainly because of the sand grains content of loess in Xining, Lanzhou and Xiji and Xi'an presents the decreasing trend is,respectively,20.2, 13.0, 7.0 and 6.5, result in surface friction and the bite force of soil particles, which produced by interparticle embedded and interlocked function, are decreased.
The internal friction angle from Northwest to Southeast is decreasing, this is mainly because of the sand grains content of loess in Xining, Lanzhou and Xiji and Xi'an presents the decreasing trend.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Roberta Nipoti, Fulvio Mancarella, Franco Corticelli, Cristiano Albonetti, Maria Canino, Filippo Bonafe
We find that the C-cap is compact and that, after C-cap removal, the surface is covered by a network of grains, which can be removed by a Buffered Oxide Etch (BOE) solution.
The SEM cross section view in Fig. 1(a) shows that the C-cap is (550±20) nm thick, uniformly distributed over the surface, with grains 100-200 nm in size and no pass-through hole.
The surface is featured by the superposition of ripples 0.5-1 µm in size, and grains having 100-200 nm diameter.
This picture is highly contrasted because the current for EDX measurements must be high in order to get a high number of counts.
For this reason, a high number of counts per analysed zone and a wide statistics are necessary to get reliable results.
The SEM cross section view in Fig. 1(a) shows that the C-cap is (550±20) nm thick, uniformly distributed over the surface, with grains 100-200 nm in size and no pass-through hole.
The surface is featured by the superposition of ripples 0.5-1 µm in size, and grains having 100-200 nm diameter.
This picture is highly contrasted because the current for EDX measurements must be high in order to get a high number of counts.
For this reason, a high number of counts per analysed zone and a wide statistics are necessary to get reliable results.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Eduard Laurentiu Nitu, Daniela Monica Iordache, Mihai Octavian Crăcănel
The average grain size (2 μm) was strongly affected compared to the base material (Fig. 7.g), due to recrystallization.
The size of the grains in the areas specific to the FSW merged structure determines the homogeneity of the structure.
The smaller the grain, the more homogeneous the structure, which leads to high mechanical properties.
Table 7 presents a summary of studies on the average grain sizes in the areas specific to the welding of steel structures combined by the FSW process.
At the macrostructural level, recognition of this type of rupture is made after the specific necking, while at the microstructural level a large number of microcracks have been observed which have led to the appearance of a crack that has increased perpendicular to the direction of the effort.
The size of the grains in the areas specific to the FSW merged structure determines the homogeneity of the structure.
The smaller the grain, the more homogeneous the structure, which leads to high mechanical properties.
Table 7 presents a summary of studies on the average grain sizes in the areas specific to the welding of steel structures combined by the FSW process.
At the macrostructural level, recognition of this type of rupture is made after the specific necking, while at the microstructural level a large number of microcracks have been observed which have led to the appearance of a crack that has increased perpendicular to the direction of the effort.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: Menno van der Winden, Daan M. Maijer, Mary A. Wells, H. Ahmed
Results indicate that the number of rolling passes has a significant effect
on the material stored energy.
Material characterization was carried out afterwards to determine the material fraction recrystallized and recrystallized grain size through the strip thickness.
The effect of the number of rolling passes on the driving pressure and fraction recrystallized at the strip centerline is shown in Figure 2.
It can be noted that the material stored energy and fraction recrystallized increases with increasing number of rolling passes.
It can be seen in Figure 3a and b that the exit temperature and average deformation temperature decreases as the number of rolling passes increases.
Material characterization was carried out afterwards to determine the material fraction recrystallized and recrystallized grain size through the strip thickness.
The effect of the number of rolling passes on the driving pressure and fraction recrystallized at the strip centerline is shown in Figure 2.
It can be noted that the material stored energy and fraction recrystallized increases with increasing number of rolling passes.
It can be seen in Figure 3a and b that the exit temperature and average deformation temperature decreases as the number of rolling passes increases.
Online since: July 2019
Authors: Xing Hui Li
However, if the preheating temperature is too high, the grains in the heat affected zone will be coarsened.
In order to prevent the formation of hardened microstructures of the welded joints and produce cold cracks without producing coarse-grained microstructures, the preheating temperature of the test specimens of 80 to 100 is formulated taking into account factors such as the chemical composition of the base metal and the welding consumables, the rigidity of the welded structure, and welding methods,Prepare specimen preheating temperature 80 ~100°C, 100 ~ 120°C.
Solderability Test and Results Welding Test Piece Ggrouping and Numbering.In order to compare the mechanical properties of WELDOX1100 high strength steel welded joints with different preheat temperatures.
The grouping and numbering of welding test specimens are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Welding Test Piece Grouping and Numbering Test group preheat temperature /℃ 1-1 1-2 80~100 Mechanical property test 2-1 2-2 100~120 3-1 3-2 80~100 Slit type cracking test 4-1 4-2 100~120 Mechanical Properties Test.48h after the test pieces were welded, the interception orientation and quantity of the sample blanks were cut according to GB2649-2008 "Mechanical Performance Test Sampling Method of Welded Joints".
In order to prevent the formation of hardened microstructures of the welded joints and produce cold cracks without producing coarse-grained microstructures, the preheating temperature of the test specimens of 80 to 100 is formulated taking into account factors such as the chemical composition of the base metal and the welding consumables, the rigidity of the welded structure, and welding methods,Prepare specimen preheating temperature 80 ~100°C, 100 ~ 120°C.
Solderability Test and Results Welding Test Piece Ggrouping and Numbering.In order to compare the mechanical properties of WELDOX1100 high strength steel welded joints with different preheat temperatures.
The grouping and numbering of welding test specimens are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Welding Test Piece Grouping and Numbering Test group preheat temperature /℃ 1-1 1-2 80~100 Mechanical property test 2-1 2-2 100~120 3-1 3-2 80~100 Slit type cracking test 4-1 4-2 100~120 Mechanical Properties Test.48h after the test pieces were welded, the interception orientation and quantity of the sample blanks were cut according to GB2649-2008 "Mechanical Performance Test Sampling Method of Welded Joints".
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Rodrigo Sampaio Fernandes, Jerusa Góes Aragão Santana, Elson de Campos, Rogério Pinto Mota
It is important to know that Weibull modulus value stabilizes as the number of samples increases.
So, in this work, it was important to have a high number of samples.
The chosen estimator is given by , for N the number of samples.
Before starting the processing, a thresholding (brightness equal to 0 or 1) was performed and then, a segmentation of pores and grains.
In the plaster mold, the water is drained from the slip by capillarity and slip starch absorbs water so that the grain swelling and subsequent gel formation occur.
So, in this work, it was important to have a high number of samples.
The chosen estimator is given by , for N the number of samples.
Before starting the processing, a thresholding (brightness equal to 0 or 1) was performed and then, a segmentation of pores and grains.
In the plaster mold, the water is drained from the slip by capillarity and slip starch absorbs water so that the grain swelling and subsequent gel formation occur.
Online since: May 2018
Authors: Nai Kui Gao, Ze Hua Pan, Tao Zhang, Zhi Wei Li, Shi Chao Nie, Xin Yu
The design life of XLPE was 30 years [6], and a large number of high-voltage XLPE cable had already worked for 30years, which reached the design life.
(a)Inner layer (b)Middle layer (c) Outer layer (d)No-running cable Figure 5 Surface crystal structure of the samples Fig 5 shows the crystal structure of the three layers, in order to quantitatively analyze the sample, three horizontal lines at equal intervals are taken on the SEM images, the average crystal size is estimated by calculating the length of each line and the number of grains passing through, and dividing the total length by the number of grains.
As for long-term running cable, the number of small-sized crystal in outer layer is much and number in inner layer is less.
(a)Inner layer (b)Middle layer (c) Outer layer (d)No-running cable Figure 5 Surface crystal structure of the samples Fig 5 shows the crystal structure of the three layers, in order to quantitatively analyze the sample, three horizontal lines at equal intervals are taken on the SEM images, the average crystal size is estimated by calculating the length of each line and the number of grains passing through, and dividing the total length by the number of grains.
As for long-term running cable, the number of small-sized crystal in outer layer is much and number in inner layer is less.
Online since: September 2024
Authors: Sándor Bodzás
Usually the grain material is synthetic aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride and diamond [2].
Paper [12] shows a wheel topography model is developed that can be integrated with a workpiece model, a kinematic model and a calculation model of undeformed chip thickness of a single grain to get the distribution of undeformed chip thicknesses.
(14) Supposing nn number of ap depth of cuts perpendicularly to Figure 8 the chip separation process has to be repeated in the function of the nn (Figure 4). 2.
The number of manufacturing passes are much lower in case of vertical grinding than horizontal grinding.
Medium radial feed i mm Arc of contact kc N/mm2 Specific cutting force L mm Workpiece length m mm The m distance n 1/min Number of revolution of the grinding wheel nn Number of depth of cuts Pc kW Cutting power Qw mm3/s The material separation speed T min Machining time vc m/min Cutting speed vf m/min Feed speed x1, x2 mm Overrunings References [1] Dudás, Gépgyártástechnológia I.
Paper [12] shows a wheel topography model is developed that can be integrated with a workpiece model, a kinematic model and a calculation model of undeformed chip thickness of a single grain to get the distribution of undeformed chip thicknesses.
(14) Supposing nn number of ap depth of cuts perpendicularly to Figure 8 the chip separation process has to be repeated in the function of the nn (Figure 4). 2.
The number of manufacturing passes are much lower in case of vertical grinding than horizontal grinding.
Medium radial feed i mm Arc of contact kc N/mm2 Specific cutting force L mm Workpiece length m mm The m distance n 1/min Number of revolution of the grinding wheel nn Number of depth of cuts Pc kW Cutting power Qw mm3/s The material separation speed T min Machining time vc m/min Cutting speed vf m/min Feed speed x1, x2 mm Overrunings References [1] Dudás, Gépgyártástechnológia I.