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The complex operation of silicon purification is aimed at reduction of the main impurities (Al, Ca, and Ti) and removing slag inclusions.
The residual amount of SiC in silicon indicates an incomplete reduction of silica and an insufficient degree of carborundum decomposition during the melting process.
After introducing the necessary information, the program outputs the data as a standard image of the concentration triangle with the areas of liquation and isotherms (Fig. 2).
When calculating the parameters of the crystallization intensity for a mixture of three elements (eutectic composition in molar fractions: Si – 0.753, Ti – 0.119, Fe – 0.127), analysis of data on the ternary eutectic composition at 1056.2 °C in the Si-Fe-Ti system showed that the chemistry of the eutectic corresponds to the compound FeTiSi5.

The data obtained in measurements agree with the studies of the microstructure, since it is known that the changes take place at the level of the finest microscopic structures.
In general, density of exudations decreases with prolongation of ageing witnessing reduction in the strength of steel.
As can be seen from the data shown in Table 1, ageing causes brittle behavior of steel, but KVC-40 value is almost independent on duration of aging up to 500 hours.
Belova, Reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in the groundwater on septate degasifier, J.

The data is collected using an NI cDAQ-9178 data acquisition system, managed using LabVIEW.
Again, the significant drop off near the inlet might be a result of the reduction of temperature difference between bulk fluid and surface immediately entering the second channel.
The increase at the end of channel 2 may be a result of the reduction of viscosity due to the rising fluid temperatures and consequently increasing random motion.

The data was collected between scattering angles (2θ) of 10-90o at a scanning rate of 2o min-1.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were taken on an AXIS Ultra instrument from Kratos Analytical in the range of 1-1300 eV to investigate the surface chemistries of the obtained materials.
However, the oxygen-containing functional groups of N-GO were almost completely got rid of through solvothermal reduction and nitrogen-doping, which is hard to realize simply through solvothermal reduction.

This techniques called Variable valve timing VVT or named as variable valve control VVC, variable valve actuation VVA, variable valve event VVE, variable valve system VVS, variable timing control VTC. [2] A study has been conducted by changing Cam height (Cam profile) the movement will effect the changes valve high and gives more opening of the valve duration which lead to reduction in pumping losses at different loads operation and also improve the torque and engine efficiency [3-5].
The quantity of air-fuel required determined by hydraulic system which comes from a data management system that gives signals to increase and reduce the valve height.
The pin diameter for the 1/3 of the length from the bottom has same diameter of the cavity with slight reduction for installation.
The oil pump is connected to a controller such as PIC’s and pumping oil pressure according the data fed for different speeds.

The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to collect the data for fitting the second order response.
This reduction in recoveries was attributed to the protonation of citrate anions at the low pH.
From Fig. 1b, it can be observed that the nickel recovery increases with reduction in both pH and particle size.
Hunter: Statistics for Experimenters: An introduction to design, data analysis and model building.

By increasing the percent of abrasive particles especially when the size ratio is high, a reduction in surface roughness is observed.
According to data the most material removal is observed when 40% of MAP is consisted of abrasive particles.
The reduction in surface roughness and material removal was visible with a lubricant volume higher than 1 ml.
Work piece hardness Consideration of experiment data and the P-values indicate that the work piece hardness has no large effect on results.

These data were used to determine carrier concentration, carrier mobility and the thermoelectric figure of merit.
However, sintering at 550oC induced the reduction, corresponding to the melting of the compound, which begins between 550oC and 600 oC [9].
RH reduction with increasing both the temperature and CdCl2 in quantity may correspond to the carrier concentration increment in the n-type thermoelectric materials.
The thermoelectric figure of merit(Z) derived from the thermoelectric measurement data plotted with sintering temperatures and CdCl2 quantities was measured to be maximum of 2.15×10-3/K at 500 oC in case of 0.03wt.% CdCl2 addition (Fig. 5).

With increasingly extensive use of natural granite as a substitute for construction and decoration material, there is a great demand on the reduction of production cost in sawing.
It can be easily understood that a reduction of blade width should be the best solution to reduce the production of swarfs [1].
Based on the calculated data in Fig.4, the ratio of tangential force component in thin blade sawing to that in normal blade sawing at Vs of 30m/s fell from 1.49 to 1.27 with depth of cut, but the corresponding ratio of normal force ratio rose from 1.29 to 1.32.
The real reason for the ratio of specific energy was that the decrement of consumed power (the ratio of consumed power for thin and normal blades was more than 0.63, which was calculated based on the data in Fig.3) was larger than that of the width of saw blade (the ratio of width of saw blade for thin and normal blades was about 0.47) when translating of sawing from normal blade to thin blade.

The non-linear concrete material model used in the subsequent analyses considered the following factors (1) non-linear behavior in compression including hardening and softening, (2) fracture of concrete in tension based on nonlinear fracture mechanics, (3) biaxial strength failure criterion, (4) reduction of compressive strength after cracking, (5) tension stiffening effect, and (6) reduction of the shear stiffness after cracking (variable shear retention).
In FEM analysis the two layers of materials (RC and steel plates) were handled to overlap on the same plan, the input data file was manipulated manually to add the finite element mesh of the steel plate and couple the steel plate with concrete by means of the steel bolts.
The stress, strain and internal force distributions of the external steel plates can be determined by analyzing the data obtained from the rosette strain gauges attached on the plate surfaces and compared with those from numerical analyses.